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Maimaita Al-Gammal

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Maimaita Al-Gammal
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Damietta (en) Fassara, 1 ga Yuli, 1927
ƙasa Misra
Harshen uwa Larabci
Mutuwa Darmstadt (en) Fassara, 30 ga Janairu, 1982
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (ciwon huhun daji)
Karatu
Harsuna Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a spy (en) Fassara da ɗan kasuwa

Refaat Ali Suleiman al-Gammal ( Arabic  ; An haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1927 - ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da lambar suna " Raafat al-Haggan " ( Arabic ), jami'in leƙen asiri ne na Masar wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jami'an Hukumar Leƙen Asiri ta Masar (EGID). Yana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jacques Bitton" (Ibrananci: ג'ק ביטון ), kuma ya zauna a Isra'ila tsawon shekaru 17 kuma ya saka kansa cikin al'ummar yankin. Leken asirin Masar ya zaɓi sunan "Bitton" saboda ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin Yahudawan Morocco da sauran asalin Arewacin Afirka, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa sahihancin murfinsa. [1]

A cewar bayanan leken asiri na Isra'ila, "Jacques Bitton" an dauke shi a matsayin ƙwararren wakilin Masar. Asusun hukuma na Masar ya bayyana cewa an tura Refaat al-Gammal (Raafat al-Haggan) zuwa Isra'ila a cikin dogon aiki wanda ya fara a 1956 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970. A wannan lokacin ya gudanar da kasuwancin yawon bude ido a Tel Aviv, ya sami matsayi na zamantakewa, kuma ya ba da leken asiri ga Masar.[2][3] An yaba masa don bayar da rahoton ranar farawa na Yakin Kwanaki shida na 1967 da cikakkun bayanai game da Bar Lev Line da aka yi amfani da shi wajen tsara Yaƙin Oktoba 1973.[3][1] Ana bi da shi a Misira a matsayin mutum na kasa. Wasu bayanai game da ayyukansa sun kasance a ɓoye.

An yi bikin ne a Misira a matsayin jarumi na kasa, an kalubalanci labarin Raafat al-Haggan a Isra'ila. Wasu asusun Isra'ila sun bayyana shi a matsayin wakili biyu, da'awar da jami'an Masar suka ƙi a matsayin karya.[4] Bayan aikinsa, ya yi ritaya, ya zauna a Jamus ta Yamma, kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1982. Saninsa ya zama sananne lokacin da gidan talabijin na Masar ya watsa Raafat al-Haggan a shekarar 1988, tare da Mahmoud Abdel Aziz a matsayin jagora.[5] Jami'an Isra'ila da farko sun watsar da jerin a matsayin fiction, daga baya sun yarda cewa Jacques Bitton ya yi leken asiri ga Masar yayin da yake jayayya cewa tsaron Isra'ila ya sami karancin lalacewa.[6][7][8] Maganar leken asiri ta farko ta nuna cewa Misira ta kasance labari ne mai ban sha'awa, duk da haka tsohon shugaban Mossad Isser Harel daga baya ya ce hukumomi sun ji zurfin shiga cikin manyan matakan ba tare da zargin Bitton ba.[9]

Tun daga shekarar 1988, kafofin watsa labarai na Isra'ila suka nemi gano Bitton/Al-Haggan. Jaridar Jerusalem Post ta ruwaito cewa shi Refaat al-Gammal ne, wani Bayahude ɗan ƙasar Masar da aka haifa a Mansoura a shekarar 1919 wanda ya isa Isra'ila a shekarar 1955 kuma ya tafi a shekarar 1973. [10] [11] Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ya ƙulla alaƙa da manyan jami'ai, ciki har da David Ben-Gurion, [12] Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan, da Ezer Weizman, [13] kuma har ma ya yi tunanin tsayawa takarar Knesset . [13] A cikin wani littafi na baya, The Spies: Isra'ila's Counterintelligence Wars, Eitan Haber da Yossi Melman an ambace su a matsayin waɗanda suka tabbatar da abubuwa da yawa na labarin Masar yayin da suka ƙara da'awar cewa shi ma ya yi aiki tare da leƙen asirin Isra'ila kuma ya yi wa ɓangarorin biyu hidima. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Rayuwa ta farko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar EGID, an haifi Refaat Ali Suleiman al-Gammal a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1927 a birnin Damietta, Masarautar Masar (a yanzu Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar ). [14] An haife shi a cikin iyali mai arziki wanda ke aiki a harkar cinikin kwal. Mahaifinsa, Ali al-Gammal ( Arabic ), ya kasance mai sayar da gawayi, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Rateeba Ali Abu Awad ( Arabic ), ƙwararren mai kula da gida ne daga babban aji wanda ya iya magana da Turanci da Faransanci . [15] [14] Refaat yana da 'yan'uwa uku: Sami, Labib, da Naziha. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu a shekarar 1936, babban ɗan'uwansa Sami ya ɗauki nauyin kula da iyalin. [16] Sami ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da Turanci na sirri ga 'yan'uwan Sarauniya Farida, matar Sarki Farouk na Masar, [17] wani yanayi da ya ba Refaat damar fahimtar harshen Turanci tun yana ƙarami. Tare da iya magana da Faransanci na mahaifiyarsa, shi da kansa ya ƙware a Turanci da Faransanci sosai yayin da yake ɗalibi a makaranta. [16] [14]


manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 Hendawi, Hamza. "Israel's retrieval of Eli Cohen items revives conflicting claims over unmasking of super spy". The National. Archived from the original on 20 May 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kahana2006
  3. 1 2 "Israel lets Egypt know how it won in 1967". SpaceWar.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  4. ↑ "ملف رفعت الجمال الكامل". group73historians.com (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  5. ↑ "MISR AL-ARABIA (Unavailable)". Archived from the original on 17 September 2016.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kahana20062
  7. ↑ "Two Can Play". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. December 1988. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  8. ↑ "Two Can Play". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. December 1988. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  9. ↑ "رفعت الجمال... الأسطورة (1ـ3) رأفت الهجّان أكبر مخادع لإسرائيل". Al-Jarida (Kuwait) (in Larabci). 21 September 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  10. ↑ "Two Can Play". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. December 1988. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  11. ↑ "ملف رفعت الجمال الكامل". group73historians.com (in Larabci). Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ↑ "زوجة رأفت الهجان: عشتُ في خدعةٍ لـ19 عاماً" [Raafat Al-Haggan's Wife: “I Lived in a Lie for 19 Years”]. Raseef22 (in Larabci). 9 July 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2025.[permanent dead link]
  13. 1 2 "41 Ans S'écoulent Depuis La Mort De L'agent Secret Al-Haggan". Le Progrès Egyptien (in Faransanci). 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2025. Beton est alors devenu un ami proche de Moshe Dayan, ancienne ministre de la Défense d’Israël, de Golda Meir, ancienne Première ministre d’Israël et d’Ezer Weizman, ancien Président d’Israël.
  14. 1 2 3 ""On this day": Death of Refaat Al-Gammal ("Raafat Al-Haggan") – January 30, 1982". Al-Masry Al-Youm (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  15. ↑ "Two Can Play". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. December 1988. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  16. 1 2 [=Al Jazeera "Raafat Al-Haggan: The Egyptian spy whose story remains contested"] Check |url= value (help) (in Larabci).
  17. ↑ "رفعت الجمال... الأسطورة (1ـ3) رأفت الهجّان أكبر مخادع لإسرائيل". Al-Jarida (Kuwait) (in Larabci). 21 September 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
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