Makamashin wuta na cng
 Makamashin wuta na cng | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
natural gas (en)  da compressed fluid (en) |
| Gajeren suna | CNG, GNC da GNC |
Gas ɗin da aka danne (CNG) iskar gas ne wanda ya ƙunshi methane (CH4), wanda aka matsa zuwa ƙasa da 1% na ƙarar da yake ɗauka a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi. An adana shi kuma an rarraba shi a cikin kwantena masu wuya a matsa lamba na 20-25 megapascals (2,900-3,600 psi; 200-250 mashaya), yawanci a cikin siffofi na cylindrical ko spherical.
Ana amfani da CNG a cikin motocin injin konewa na gargajiya / na ciki waɗanda aka gyaggyarawa, ko a cikin motocin da aka kera musamman don amfani da CNG: ko dai shi kaɗai ( sadaukarwa), tare da keɓantaccen tsarin mai don tsawaita kewayo (mai dual), ko kuma tare da wani mai (bi-fuel). Ana iya amfani da shi a maimakon man fetur, man dizal, da gas mai liquefied (LPG). Konewar CNG yana haifar da ƙarancin iskar gas da ba a so fiye da abubuwan da aka ambata a baya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran man fetur, iskar gas ba shi da wata barazana a yayin da ya zube, domin ya fi iska iska da sauri idan aka sake shi. Ana iya amfani da Biomethane, biogas daga narkewar anaerobic ko ƙasa.
Dangane da hauhawar farashin man fetur da matsalolin muhalli, an yi amfani da CNG a cikin rickshaws na motoci, manyan motocin daukar kaya, motocin wucewa da motocin makaranta, da jiragen kasa.
Farashin da sanya kwantenan ajiyar man fetur shine babban shinge ga faɗaɗa / saurin ɗaukar CNG azaman mai. Hakan ne ma ya sa gwamnatin karamar hukuma, motocin sufurin jama'a suka fi kowa ganin ta tun farko, saboda suna iya saurin rage kudaden da aka saka a cikin sabon (kuma yawanci mai rahusa). Duk da waɗannan yanayi, adadin motocin da ke amfani da CNG a duniya ya karu a hankali (kashi 30 a kowace shekara).[1]Yanzu, sakamakon ci gaban masana'antu, farashin irin waɗannan silinda na ajiyar man fetur ya ragu zuwa matakin da ya fi karɓuwa. Musamman, don nau'in CNG 1 da nau'in silinda na Nau'in 2, ƙasashe da yawa suna iya yin abin dogaro kuma masu tsada don buƙatun juyawa.[2]
Yawan makamashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawan makamashi na CNG daidai yake da iskar gas mai ruwa a 53.6 MJ/kg. Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa, 9 MJ/L, shine 42 % na na LNG (22 MJ/L) saboda ba ya ruwa, kuma shine kashi 25 na man dizal.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wannan sashe yana buƙatar faɗaɗawa. Kuna iya taimakawa ta ƙara zuwa gare shi. (Satumba 2021)
Gases sun samar da ainihin man fetur na injunan konewa na ciki. Gwaje-gwajen farko da iskar gas da aka danne sun faru a Faransa a cikin 1850s. Iskar iskar gas ya fara zama man sufuri a lokacin yakin duniya na 1. A cikin 1960s, Columbia Natural Gas na Ohio ta gwada wani jirgin CNG. Jirgin dai zai dauki matsakaitan iskar gas a cikin kwalabe na matsa lamba a tsaye; duk da haka, wannan zane ya gaza saboda tsadar tasoshin matsa lamba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka mai ɗaukar kaya na CNG don kasuwanci. Yawancin ƙirar sufurin teku na CNG masu gasa sun samo asali. Kowane ƙira yana ba da
Amfani
Wata motar bas mai ƙarfi ta CNG tana ƙara mai a Madrid, Spain.
Motocin iskar gas suna da ƙarancin kulawa fiye da sauran motocin da ke amfani da man fetur.
An rufe tsarin man fetur na CNG, yana hana asarar mai daga zubewa ko zubarwa.
Ƙara yawan rayuwar mai mai, kamar yadda CNG ba ya gurɓata kuma yana tsoma mai crankcase.
Kasancewar man gas, CNG yana haɗuwa cikin sauƙi kuma daidai a cikin iska.
CNG ba shi da yuwuwar kunna wuta a saman zafi, tunda yana da zafin wuta mai ƙarfi (540 ° C), da kunkuntar kewa (kashi 5-15) na flammability.[4]
Ana ɗaukar motocin da ke amfani da CNG a matsayin mafi aminci fiye da motocin da ake amfani da man fetur.[5][6][7]
Ƙananan ƙazanta da ƙarin inganci:
CNG tana fitar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu kai tsaye fiye da man fetur ko mai lokacin da aka kone su (misali, hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides (SOx) da PM (particulate matter)). Misali, injin da ke aiki akan man fetur na tsawon kilomita 100 yana samar da kilogiram 22 na CO2, yayin da yake ɗaukar nisa ɗaya akan CNG yana fitar da kilo 16.3 na CO2 kawai.
An ba da iskar gas ɗin rayuwa mai rairayi ga CNG wanda aka matsa daga iskar gas ɗin bututun California ƙimar gram 67.70 na CO2-daidai da megajoule (gCO2e/MJ) ta CARB (Hukumar Albarkatun Jirgin Sama na California), kusan kashi 28 ƙasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin man fetur a wannan kasuwa (95.86 gCO2e/MJ).[8]
CNG da aka samar daga iskar gas ta CARB ta samo mafi ƙarancin iskar gas na kowane mai da aka yi nazari, tare da ƙimar 11.26 gCO2e/MJ (fiye da kashi 88 ƙasa da man fetur na al'ada) a cikin ƙarancin man fetur mai ƙarancin carbon wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2010.[9]
Saboda ƙananan hayakin carbon dioxide, canzawa zuwa CNG zai iya taimakawa wajen rage hayakin iskar gas.[13] Duk da haka, iskar iskar gas (dukansu a cikin amfani da kai tsaye da kuma samarwa da isar da man fetur) suna wakiltar karuwar hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. Ƙarfin CNG na rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi a duk tsawon rayuwar mai zai dogara ne akan tushen iskar gas da man da yake maye gurbinsa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Market Studies Series, GNC" (PDF). Consulate of the Argentinian Republic, Mumbai, 2009, in Spanish. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-27. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- ↑ "About natural gas vehicle (CNG as an auto fuel)". Zafiro Tech. Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2013-12-14.
- ↑ "Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)". Envocare.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ "GAIL". Archived from the original on 2009-12-31. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ↑ "How Safe are Natural Gas Vehicles?" (PDF). Clean Vehicle Education Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ↑ "How Safe is Natural Gas?". Alternativefuels.about.com. Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ↑ "Fighting CNG fires" (PDF). Firetrainingsources.net. Archived from the original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-17. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑ "Table 6. Carbon Intensity Lookup Table for Gasoline and Fuels that Substitute for Gasoline" (PDF). Arb.ca.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-20. Retrieved 2016-07-17.