Makarantar ɗaki ɗaya
 Makarantar ɗaki ɗaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
school building (en)  da rural school (en) |
| Amfani | makaranta |
| Described at URL (mul) | dx.doi.org… |
Makarantun daki ɗaya, ko kuma makarantu masu ɗaki ɗaya, sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan karkara na ƙasashe daban-daban, ciki har da Prussia, Norway, Sweden, Amurka, Kanada, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Burtaniya, Ireland, Portugal, da Spain. A yawancin makarantun karkara da ƙananan garuruwa, duk ɗaliban suna haɗuwa a ɗaki ɗaya. A can, malami ɗaya yana koyar da kayan yau da kullun na ilimi ga yara ' yan firamare da yawa. Shekarun baya-bayan nan an ga farfaɗo da tsarin. [1] Ana iya samun gidajen makaranta masu ɗaki ɗaya a ƙasashe masu tasowa da yankunan karkara ko na nesa da ke fuskantar mulkin mallaka .
A Amurka, manufar "ƙaramin gidan makaranta ja" abin birgewa ne, kuma an kiyaye gidajen tarihi masu ɗaki ɗaya kuma ana girmama su a matsayin alamun ƙimomin iyaka da ci gaban gida da na ƙasa. [2] Idan ya zama dole, an faɗaɗa makarantun ko kuma an maye gurbinsu da makarantu masu ɗaki biyu . Fiye da 200 an jera su a cikin Rijistar Wurare na Tarihi na Amurka. A Norway, akasin haka, ana ɗaukar makarantun ɗaki ɗaya a matsayin waɗanda aka tilasta wa yankunan noma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma, yayin da adadi ya tsira a gidajen tarihi na waje, babu ɗaya da aka jera a kan daidai da NRHP na Norway. [2]
Prussia tana cikin ƙasashen farko a duniya da suka gabatar da ilimin firamare na dole ga maza da mata waɗanda ke karɓar haraji. Idan aka kwatanta, ba a aiwatar da makarantar firamare ta dole a Faransa ko Burtaniya ba har zuwa shekarun 1880. [3] An gabatar da tsarin da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyinsa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 kuma yana da tasiri sosai tun daga lokacin. Makarantun Prussia na farko makarantu ne masu ɗaki ɗaya, amma a shekarar 1773 Friedrich Eberhard von Rochow ya riga ya kafa makarantar ƙira tare da ilimin firamare a cikin azuzuwan shekaru daban-daban guda biyu. [4]
Ireland
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ƙasar Ireland, an wajabta ilimin firamare kyauta a shekarar 1831, wanda ya haifar da kafa makarantu na ƙasa da yawa masu koyarwa ɗaya a faɗin yankunan karkara, galibi suna amfani da ɗaki a cikin ginin da ke akwai. A shekarun 1890, akwai makaranta a kowace coci . Gine-ginen makarantu masu ɗakuna ɗaya da biyu da suka wanzu sun samo asali ne daga shekarun da suka gabata bayan 1891 lokacin da ilimin firamare ya zama dole. Yawancin waɗanda har yanzu ake amfani da su a yau an faɗaɗa su bayan haɗewa da makarantun maƙwabta. Tun daga 2002, kowace makaranta da gwamnati ke ba da kuɗaɗen ta, wacce ke da aƙalla ɗalibai 10, tana da haƙƙin samun aƙalla malamai 2; makarantu 21 da suka faɗi ƙasa da wannan matakin suna kan tsibiran teku . [5] A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an kafa makarantu da yawa don iyaye waɗanda ba su gamsu da tsarin Makarantar Ƙasa ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Gaelscoileanna (waɗanda ke koyarwa ta hanyar Irish maimakon Turanci) da makarantu masu ƙungiyoyi da yawa (yawancin makarantun Irish suna ƙarƙashin ɗaya ko ɗaya daga cikin manyan majami'un Kirista ). Kodayake irin waɗannan makarantu daga ƙarshe sun cancanci samun tallafin jiha, yawanci suna farawa da malami ɗaya a cikin ɗaki ko ginin da aka riga aka gina .
Amurka
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Makarantun daki ɗaya ana amfani da su ne kawai a yankunan karkara. A ƙarshen shekarar 1930, rabin yaran makaranta a ƙasar sun zauna a yankunan karkara. Kimanin kashi 65% na gine-ginen makarantun ƙasar ɗaki ɗaya ne, kuma kashi 30% na ɗaliban karkara ne suka halarta. Haɗin kai ya rage yawansu cikin sauri a shekarun 1920 da 1930. Suna da matsayi a cikin tatsuniyar gargajiya, inda wani ya tuna da wani, "ƙaramin gida, a kan ƙaramin fili, tare da ƙaramin kayan aiki, inda ƙaramin malami mai ɗan albashi kaɗan, na ɗan lokaci, yana koyar da ƙananan yara ƙananan abubuwa". Wani ra'ayi mara soyayya da masanin zamantakewa Newell Sims ya bayar ya ba da rahoto game da yawancin makarantun karkara na kowane girma a shekarun 1930:
Rashin isassun gine-ginen makarantun karkara shine abin da ya fi jan hankali a gine-ginen makarantun karkara. Suna da kyau, galibi ba su da wani fili, ko kuma, da filayen da ba su da ciyawa, ba su da bishiyoyi kuma ba su da kyau. A matsayin gine-gine, ba a tsara su da kyau ba, ba su da haske sosai, ba su da zafi sosai, ba su da wurin zama sosai, ba su da kayan aiki ko kuma ba su da kayan aiki ko dai don jin daɗi ko ilimi, kuma ba a kula da su sosai ba. Ba a cika samar da ruwan sha ba. Tsarin tsafta da bandakuna ba su da yawa kamar yadda ake samar da su ko da rabin hanya mai kyau.
Malamai a makarantun daki ɗaya yawanci 'ya'yan manoma ne da ke kusa. Sun kammala karatunsu kwanan nan kuma sun shafe shekaru biyu suna koyarwa kafin su daina yin aure. Malaman ba su da shiri sosai kuma ana buƙatar su horar da yara na kowane zamani/aji a cikin ɗaki ɗaya. Wani ɗalibi daga Kentucky ya bayyana babban aikinsu da kyau a shekarun 1940:
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Return of the One-Room Schoolhouse". The Free Press. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
- 1 2 Leidulf Mydland (Spring 2001). "The legacy of one-room schoolhouses: A comparative study of the American Midwest and Norway". European Journal of American Studies. 6. doi:10.4000/ejas.9205.
- ↑ Nuhoglu Soysal, Yasemin; Strang, David (1989). "Construction of the First Mass Education Systems in Nineteenth-Century Europe". Sociology of Education. 62 (4): 277–288. doi:10.2307/2112831. JSTOR 2112831.
- ↑ ONLINE, RP (2011-12-14). "Städte dürfen Zwergschulen behalten". RP ONLINE (in Jamusanci). Retrieved 2023-02-02.
- ↑ "Key Statistics about the Department's Customers". Department of Education and Skills. Retrieved October 26, 2011.