Makarantar Cathedral

Makarantar Cathedral
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Christian educational institution (en)

Makarantun cocin sun fara ne a farkon Zamanin Tsakiya a matsayin cibiyoyin ilimi na ci gaba, wasu daga cikinsu daga ƙarshe suka rikide zuwa jami'o'in zamanin da . A tsawon Zamanin Tsakiya da kuma bayan haka, an ƙara musu makarantu na sufaye . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan makarantun cocin na farko, da kuma sabbin tushe, sun ci gaba har zuwa zamanin yau.

Makarantun farko

Masanin Falsafa a kan ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan tarihi a kan ƙofar dama ta ƙofar yamma a Chartres Cathedral

A Daular Romawa ta baya, yayin da ilimin birni na Romawa ya ragu, bishop-bishop suka fara kafa makarantu da ke da alaƙa da cocin su don samar wa cocin malaman addini. Shaidar farko ta makarantar da aka kafa ta wannan hanyar ita ce a Visigothic Spain a Majalisar Koli ta Biyu ta Toledo a shekara ta 527. Waɗannan makarantun farko, waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan koyon aikin koyarwa a addini a ƙarƙashin wani bishop mai ilimi, an gano su a wasu sassan Spain da kuma kimanin garuruwa ashirin a Gaul (Faransa) a ƙarni na shida da na bakwai.

A lokacin da kuma bayan aikin St Augustine zuwa Ingila, an kafa makarantun cocin yayin da aka ƙirƙiri sabbin dakunan ibada (misali Canterbury 597, Rochester 604, York 627). Wannan rukunin makarantu sun samar da tsofaffin makarantu da ke ci gaba da aiki . Babban aikin makarantun cocin shine samar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na yara maza, waɗanda suka rikide zuwa makarantun mawaka, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna aiki kamar haka.

Charlemagne, sarkin Franks kuma daga baya Sarki, bayan ya fahimci muhimmancin ilimi ga malaman addini, kuma a wani ɓangare, ga manyan mutane, ya fara dawo da wannan al'adar da ke raguwa ta hanyar fitar da dokoki da dama da ke buƙatar a samar da ilimi a gidajen ibada da manyan coci. A shekara ta 789, Charlemagne's Admonitio Generalis ya buƙaci a kafa makarantu a kowace gidan ibada da kuma cocin bishop, inda "yara za su iya koyon karatu; cewa a koyar da Zabura, rubutu, waƙa, lissafi, da nahawu." Takardu na baya-bayan nan, kamar harafin De litteris colendis, sun buƙaci bishop su zaɓi maza waɗanda ke da "nufin da ikon koyo da sha'awar koyar da wasu" a matsayin malamai da kuma dokar Majalisar Frankfurt (794) da ta ba da shawarar cewa bishop su ɗauki nauyin koyarwar malamansu.

Daga baya, makarantun cocin sun taso a manyan biranen kamar Chartres, Orleans, Paris, Laon, Reims ko Rouen a Faransa da Utrecht, Liege, Cologne, Metz, Speyer, Würzburg, Bamberg, Magdeburg, Hildesheim ko Freising a Jamus. Bisa ga al'adar da ta gabata, waɗannan makarantun cocin galibi suna koyar da malaman addini na gaba kuma suna ba da masu gudanar da ilimi ga kotunan da ke ƙara zama masu fa'ida a Renaissance na ƙarni na 12. Speyer ya shahara da samar wa Daular Roma Mai Tsarki da jami'an diflomasiyya. Kotun Henry na ɗaya na Ingila, wanda shi kansa misali ne na farko na sarki mai ilimi, tana da alaƙa da makarantar cocin Laon .

Halaye da ci gaba

Makarantun cocin galibi sun mayar da hankali ne kan jin daɗin ilimi na yaran manyan makarantu. Domin an yi nufin horar da su don yin aiki a cocin, an kore 'yan mata daga makarantu. Daga baya, ɗaliban coci da yawa waɗanda ba lallai ne su nemi aiki a cocin ba sun so su yi rajista. Bukatar makarantu ta taso don koyar da gwamnati, jiha, da sauran harkokin cocin. Makarantun, (wasu sanannun waɗanda suka samo asali tun ƙarni na takwas da na tara) sun karɓi ɗalibai ƙasa da 100. Dole ne ɗalibai su nuna ƙwarewa mai yawa kuma su iya ɗaukar nauyin kwas ɗin ilimi mai wahala. Ganin cewa littattafai ma suna da tsada, ɗalibai suna cikin aikin haddace laccocin malamansu. Makarantun cocin a wannan lokacin galibi ƙungiyar ministoci ce ke gudanar da su kuma an raba su zuwa sassa biyu: ƙaramin Schola, wanda aka yi niyya ga ƙananan ɗalibai, daga baya zai zama makarantun firamare . Sannan akwai babban makarantar, wanda ke koyar da manyan ɗalibai. Daga baya za su zama makarantun sakandare .

Darussan da ake koyarwa a makarantun cocin sun kama daga adabi zuwa lissafi. Ana kiran waɗannan batutuwa da fasahar sassaucin ra'ayi guda bakwai : nahawu, ilmin taurari, magana (ko magana), dabaru, lissafi, lissafi da kiɗa . A cikin azuzuwan nahawu, an horar da ɗalibai su karanta, rubutawa da magana da Latin wanda shine harshen duniya baki ɗaya a Turai a lokacin. Ilimin taurari ya zama dole don ƙididdige ranaku da lokutan. Magana babban ɓangare ne na ilimin murya. Manhaja ta ƙunshi sharuɗɗan muhawara masu kyau ko marasa ma'ana, musamman a cikin mahallin tauhidi, kuma lissafi ya zama tushen tunani mai yawa. Dalibai suna karanta labarai da waƙoƙi a cikin Latin ta hanyar marubuta kamar Cicero da Virgil. Kamar yadda yake a yau, an raba makarantun cocin zuwa makarantun firamare da manyan makarantu tare da manhajoji daban-daban. Manhajar makarantar firamare ta ƙunshi karatu, rubutu da slamadody, yayin da manhajar makarantar sakandare ita ce trivium (nahawu, magana da dabaru), sauran fasahar sassaucin ra'ayi, da kuma nazarin littafi mai tsarki da tauhidin pastoral .

Makarantun cocin Katolika a yau

Duk da cewa makarantun coci ba su da wani muhimmin wuri na ilimi mai zurfi, yawancin cocin Katolika na Roman, Anglican, da Lutheran suna aiki a matsayin makarantun firamare ko sakandare . Yawancin waɗanda aka lissafa a ƙasa tushe ne na zamani, amma kaɗan daga cikinsu sun dogara ne akan tarihinsu zuwa makarantun zamanin da.

Ostiraliya

• Bathurst – Makarantar Firamare ta Cathedral
• Makarantar Grammar Cathedral ta Bunbury - Bunbury
• Perth – Makarantar Nahawu ta Anglican ta St George
• Rockhampton - Kwalejin Cathedral
• Sydney – Makarantar Cathedral ta St Andrew
• Sydney – Kwalejin Cathedral ta St Mary
• Townsville – Makarantar Cathedral ta St Anne da St James
• Wangaratta - Kwalejin Cathedral

Kanada

• Hamilton - Almasihu Sarki
• Toronto – Makarantar Mawakan St. Michael

Denmark

• Ribe – Ribe Katedralskole
• Aarhus - Aarhus Katedralskole
• Aalborg – Aalborg Katedralskole
• Viborg - Viborg Katedralskole
• Odense - Odense Katedralskole
• Roskilde - Roskilde Katedralskole
• Haderslev - Haderslev Katedralskole

Finland

• Turku – Katedralskolan i Åbo

Faransa

• Paris - École cathédrale de Paris

Guatemala

• Colegio San José de los Infantes (wanda aka kafa a 1781)