Makarantar Dimokuradiyya

democratic school
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Madadin makaranta
Field of this occupation (en)	democratic education (en)

Summerhill - Makarantar Democrat mafi tsufa da aka sani

• Darussan na son rai ne. Koyon yana da kai tsaye kuma yana faruwa ba tare da tsarin karatun ba.
• Makarantar tana gudana sosai ta hanyar dimokuradiyya kai tsaye inda dalibai da malamai ke da murya iri ɗaya a cikin yanke shawara.
• Dalibai suna da 'yanci su ciyar da lokacinsu kamar yadda suka zaɓa, muddin ba su karya dokokin da al'ummar makarantar suka yi ba.

Makarantun Dimokuradiyya wurare ne da ake aiwatar da manufar ilimin dimokuradiyya kuma suna samar da yanayi don ci gaba da kai da kai .

An fara amfani da kalmar a Makarantar Dimokuradiyya ta Hadera a shekarar 1987.

Ma'anar

Babu wata ma'anar gama gari ta Makarantar Dimokuradiyya. Duk da haka, duk makarantun dimokuradiyya suna guje wa ɗaukar duk wani nauyi ko kimantawa ba tare da buƙata ba kan tsarin ilmantarwa na ɗalibansu, wato haɓaka koyo kai tsaye, kuma ana tafiyar da su ta hanyar dimokuraɗiyya. A matsayinka na doka, hukumar gudanarwa ita ce taron makaranta.

Ƙungiyar laima ta Turai EUDEC ta bayyana muhimman halaye guda uku na Makarantun Democrat:

1. Tushen tushe mai ƙarfi a cikin al'adar dabi'u ta daidaito da ɗaukar nauyi tare;
2. Shawarwari na gama gari inda dukkan membobin al'umma, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ko matsayi ba, suke da ra'ayi iri ɗaya kan muhimman shawarwari kamar dokokin makaranta, manhajoji, ayyuka, ɗaukar ma'aikata har ma da batutuwan kasafin kuɗi;
3. Bincike kai tsaye; Ɗalibai suna zaɓar abin da suka koya, lokacin da, ta yaya da kuma wanda za su koya. Koyo na iya faruwa a ciki ko a wajen aji, ta hanyar wasa da kuma nazarin al'ada. Mabuɗin shine cewa koyo shine bin sha'awar ɗalibai da kuma bin sha'awarsu.

Siffofi na yau da kullun

• Babu maki ko kimantawa daga waje;
• Cakuda shekaru a dukkan fannoni na ɗaliban;
• Babu manhajar karatu ta gabaɗaya ko ta tilas;
• Azuzuwan son rai;
• Tsarin da ya dace da kai ta hanyar hukumomin dimokuradiyya kamar taron makaranta da Kwamitin Rikici; kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, musamman daidaito tsakanin malamai da ɗalibai;
• Kyakkyawan hali game da bambancin ɗalibai;
• Kira taron makaranta akai-akai a matsayin babban jami'in makarantar;
• 'Yancin zirga-zirga a dukkan harabar makarantar;
• Ɗalibai 15 zuwa 150 ne suka yi rijista, a wasu lokuta na musamman;
• Ana ɗaukar wasan a matsayin mai kyau a cikin dukkan ƙungiyoyin shekaru;

Tarihi

Tun bayan bullar tsarin dimokuradiyya, makarantu da jamhuriyar yara suna gwaji kan dimokuradiyya ta ɗalibai. Daga cikin sanannun lamuran akwai makarantar kwana ta Léonard Bourdon don marayun yaƙi Société des jeunes Français (1791-1795), [1] Kotun ɗaliban Heinrich Stephani (Schülergerichtsbarkeit) a garin Gunzenhausen na Jamus (1826-1834), [2] Makarantar yara ta manoma ta Leo Tolstoy da ke Yasnaya Polyana (1859-1862) a kudancin Moscow da kuma Jamhuriyar George Junior (1895-?) a Jihar New York. Makarantar Democrat mafi tsufa da har yanzu take da ita ita ce makarantar kwana ta Summerhill, wacce ke Leiston (Suffolk, Ingila). An kafa Summerhill a Jamus a shekarar 1921 ta masanin ilimi ɗan Scotland AS Neill, sannan ya koma Ingila, kuma har yanzu yana nan. [2]