Makarantar wasanni

Makarantar wasanni
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	sports school (en)
Filin aiki	sport didactics (en)
Intended public (en)	ɗa da Samartaka

Makarantar wasanni ( Russian ) wani nau'in cibiyar ilimi ce ga yara wanda ya samo asali daga Tarayyar Soviet . Makarantun wasanni sune tushen tsarin al'adun motsa jiki (motsa jiki) da ilimin wasanni a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da Gabashin Bloc, musamman Gabashin Jamus . Manyan fasalulluka na wannan tsarin sun kasance a cikin tsarin ilimin wasanni a Rasha da sauran jihohin bayan Soviet, kuma sun zama tushen irin wannan tsarin a wasu ƙasashe, ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a yanzu shine na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China . 'Yan wasa da yawa masu ban sha'awa, kamar Nikolai Andrianov, Nellie Kim, Alexander Popov, Viktor Krovopuskov, Vladislav Tretiak, Valeri Kharlamov, Katarina Witt, Anatoly Alyabyev da Sergey Bubka sun fara hanyarsu ta samun nasarar Olympics daga makarantun wasanni na Soviet. Haka kuma ana samun su a Asiya, a ƙasashe kamar Singapore, Malaysia da Ostiraliya.

Kafa da shekarun farko

An kafa tsarin makarantun wasanni a shekarun 1930. A shekarar 1934, an gina filin wasa na Young Pioneers a Moscow, cibiyar wasanni ta musamman ta farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A wannan shekarar ne ƙungiyar wasanni ta Dynamo ta kafa ƙungiyar yara ta farko; wannan wani misali ne na makarantun wasanni ta ƙungiyoyin wasanni .

An buɗe makarantun wasanni na farko a shekarar 1934 a Moscow, Tbilisi, Kiev, sannan aka buɗe su a Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Tashkent da sauran biranen USSR; an ƙirƙira su kuma an yi aiki da su bisa ga ƙa'idodi, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin wasanni da ƙungiyoyin Soviet ta Tsakiya suka amince da su.

A shekarar 1940, akwai makarantun wasanni 262 a cikin USSR kuma da dama daga cikin waɗannan makarantu suna aiki a cikin USSR ta ƙungiyar wasanni ta Dynamo, ƙungiyar wasanni ta Spartak, CDKA, ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙungiyoyin kwadago, OSOAVIAKHIM da kuma a cikin tsarin ilimi.

A watan Afrilun 1941, an yanke shawarar ƙara yawan darussan ilimin motsa jiki a duk makarantu a cikin USSR da kuma ƙirƙirar makarantun wasanni a duk manyan biranen USSR a 1942. Ba a aiwatar da wannan shawarar ba saboda a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1941, lokacin da sojojin Axis suka ƙaddamar da mamayar soja kan USSR . A lokacin ayyukan soja na Babban Yaƙin Duniya, mamaye yankunan yamma na USSR da kuma jefa bama-bamai ta sama a yankunan baya na USSR, an lalata wuraren wasanni da yawa, an lalata su ko kuma an daina aiki, amma bayan yaƙin an fara gyaran su. A farkon shekarun 1950, an yi canje-canje ga shirin makarantun wasanni, yayin da USSR ta shiga wasannin Olympics a 1951. A 1953, akwai makarantun wasanni 721 a cikin USSR.

Banda waɗannan akwai jami'o'in wasanni na ƙasa guda biyu da gwamnati ke gudanarwa: Cibiyoyin Wasanni na Leningrad da Moscow, waɗanda su ne manyan cibiyoyin wasanni na 'yan wasa na ƙasa na matakin manya.

Makarantun musamman na Olympic Reserve (hadaddun)

Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta shiga a matsayin cikakken memba na kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa a shekara ta 1951, Makarantun Yara da Matasa na Musamman (Wasanni na Reserve na Olympics ( Russian An fara buɗewa don shirya matasa 'yan wasa don wasannin da suka fi samun nasara. Adadin irin waɗannan makarantun wasanni ya ƙaru, haka kuma adadin fannonin wasanni a cikin makarantun wasanni ya ƙaru. Ba wai kawai wasannin Olympics ba ne, har ma da fannonin wasanni na ƙasa da kuma yawon buɗe ido, shiryarwa, da sauran wasanni. A madadin haka akwai kuma Makarantar Yara da Matasa ta Musamman ta Wurin Ajiye Wasannin Olympics ( Ukrainian ).

Makarantun Manyan Wasanni

Baya ga makarantun wasanni na yau da kullun da makarantu na musamman na Reserve na Olympics, akwai kuma makarantu na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun wasanni ( Ukrainian ).

Makarantun kula da wasanni na yanki (Makarantun Olympic Reserve)

Kafin 1989 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet akwai cibiyar sadarwa na yanki na makarantun allo na bayanan wasanni ( Russian ). Yara suna rayuwa, suna karatu kuma suna samun horon wasanni na ci gaba a can. Makarantun kwana na wasanni na iya zama ko dai waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan wasanni ɗaya ko kuma waɗanda suka shafi wasanni da yawa. A waɗannan makarantun, yara suna ɓatar da mafi yawan lokacinsu na hutu suna nazarin yin wasanni ko kuma kammala wasu ƙwarewa. A shekarar 1989, an mayar da dukkan makarantun kwana na wasanni zuwa makarantun Olympic Reserve, UOR ( Russian ).

Tsarin gini

Makarantun wasanni sun dace da sashen gudanarwa na ƙasar: akwai makarantun wasanni na Gundumar, Birni, Oblast, Tsakiya, da Republican. Don shiga makarantar wasanni, yaro zai iya samun shawarar makarantar sakandare; ana kuma gayyatar yara su zo wani makarantar wasanni don zaɓen a lokacin darussa a wata makaranta ta yau da kullun, ko kuma su zo don zaɓen da kansu. Dangane da takamaiman fannoni daban-daban na wasanni, shekarun yara da matasa da aka shigar a makarantar wasanni yana tsakanin 8 zuwa 14. An tsara ƙungiyoyi bisa ga matsayi na 'yan wasa : akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na 'yan wasa na aji na biyu, 'yan wasa na aji na farko, 'yan wasa na aji na biyu, 'yan takara na digiri na biyu na wasanni na USSR, Masters of Sports na USSR. Lokacin karatu a kowace ƙungiya shine shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu, tare da amfani da ƙa'idodi daban-daban na wasanni a kowace shekara.

Shahara

Zuwa shekarar 1971, akwai makarantun wasanni 3,813 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, tare da horar da yara da matasa kimanin miliyan 1.3 a can. Waɗannan sun haɗa da makarantu 2,434 tare da masu halarta miliyan ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ikon tsarin ilimi da makarantu 1,245 tare da masu halarta 340,000 waɗanda ke aiki a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin wasanni. Kuma zuwa shekarar 1991, kimanin makarantun wasanni 6,000 ne suka yi aiki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Suka

Makarantun wasanni, musamman na wuraren ajiyar wasannin Olympics, sun kasance cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka shafi cin zarafin yara. A kokarinsu na samun mafi kyawun amfani daga yara, masu horarwa da yawa suna amfani da cin zarafi da kuma azabtarwa mai tsanani da kuma wani lokacin mai muni. Lamarin ya fi muni a makarantun kwana na wasanni inda iyaye ba sa iya sarrafa kansu kuma yara suna ƙarƙashin ikon masu horarwa.

Wani rashin amfani na wannan tsarin shine cewa ana ba da hankali sosai ga wasanni fiye da ilimin makaranta. Makarantun kwana na wasannin motsa jiki na wurin ajiye motoci na Olympics sun sami laƙabin "buga-da-gudu" ( Russian  ; kada a rikita shi da hatsarin zirga-zirga ko wasan ƙwallon baseball), ma'ana yara galibi suna bugun ƙwallon ƙafa kuma suna gudu a filayen wasanni maimakon karatu.

Duba kuma

• Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Sa-kai na Tarayyar Soviet
• Makarantu na musamman a Tarayyar Soviet