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Mamaye Algiers a shekara ta 1830

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentMamaye Algiers a shekara ta 1830

Map
 36°46′35″N 3°03′31″E / 36.77639°N 3.05861°E / 36.77639; 3.05861
Iri siege (en) Fassara
Bangare na Cin nasarar Faransa a Aljeriya
Kwanan watan 14 ga Yuni, –  7 ga Yuli, 1830
Wuri Aljir

Mamaye Algiers a shekara ta 1830 wani gagarumin aikin soji ne wanda Masarautar Faransa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Charles X ta mamaye Deylik na Algiers tare da mamaye yankin.[1]

Daular Ottoman ta mamaye Algiers a shekara ta 1529 bayan kama Algiers a shekarar 1529 kuma tana ƙarƙashin mulkinta kai tsaye har zuwa shekara ta 1710, lokacin da Baba Ali Chaouch ya sami ' yancin kai daga Ottomans, kodayake har yanzu Regen yana cikin wani yanki na Daular Usmaniyya.[2] Deylik na Algiers ya zaɓi shugabanninsa ta hanyar majalisar da ake kira Divan na Algiers. Waɗannan sarakuna/sarakuna an san su da Deys. Za a iya kwatanta jihar da kyau a matsayin sarautar zaɓaɓɓu.[3]

Wani lamari na diflomasiyya a cikin shekarar 1827, abin da ake kira Fan Affair (Fly Whisk Incident), ya zama hujja don fara katange tashar jiragen ruwa na Algiers. Bayan tsayuwar shekaru uku da wani mummunan lamari da aka harba wani jirgin ruwan Faransa da ke ɗauke da jakadan da ke dey tare da kudirin yin shawarwari, Faransan ta yanke shawarar cewa akwai buƙatar ɗaukar mataki mai karfi.[4] Charles X ya kuma nemi karkatar da hankali daga hargitsin harkokin cikin gida na Faransa wanda ya kawo ƙarshe a lokacin da ya gabatar da shi a cikin matakan mamayewa na juyin juya halin watan Yuli.[5]

An fara mamaye Algiers ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin 1830 tare da wani harin bam da sojojin ruwa suka yi da wani jirgin ruwa ƙarƙashin Admiral Duperré da saukar da sojoji ƙarƙashin Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne, comte de Bourmont. Nan da nan Faransawa sun yi nasarar fatattakar sojojin Hussein Dey, shugaban Deylikal, amma tsayin daka na 'yan asalin ya yaɗu. Wannan ya haifar da tsawaita kamfen na soji, wanda a ƙarshe ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 45, don kawar da adawa da mulkin mallaka. Abin da ake kira "kwantar da hankali" yana da alamar juriya daga mutane kamar Ahmed Bey, Abd El-Kader, da Lalla Fatma N'Soumer.[6][7][8][9]

Mamayar ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin Algiers da aka kwashe shekaru aru-aru da kuma farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa Aljeriya.[10][11][12] A cikin shekarar 1848, an tsara yankunan da aka ci a kusa da Algiers zuwa sassa uku, wanda ke bayyana yankunan Aljeriya ta zamani.[13]

Tarihi

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A lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon, Masarautar Algiers ta sami fa'ida sosai daga kasuwanci a cikin tekun Bahar Rum, da kuma yawan shigo da abinci daga Faransa, wanda aka saya akan bashi. Dey na Algiers ya yi ƙoƙari ya magance raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga da yake samu ta hanyar ƙara haraji, wanda manoma na gida suka bijirewa, ƙara rashin zaman lafiya a cikin ƙasar da kuma haifar da ƙaruwar fashin jiragen ruwa a kan jigilar 'yan kasuwa daga Turai da kuma matasan Amurka.[14] Wannan, bi da bi, ya haifar da yakin Barbary na Farko da Yaƙin Barbary na Biyu, wanda ya ƙare a watan Agusta 1816 lokacin da Lord Exmouth ya kashe wani bam na ruwa na Algiers a matsayin mayar da martani ga kisan kiyashin Aljeriya na 'yantar bayin Turai kwanan nan.[15]

Rashin farin jinin Maido da Bourbon a tsakanin al'ummar Faransa baki ɗaya ya sanya Faransa rashin kwanciyar hankali. A wani yunƙuri na janye hankalin mutanensa daga harkokin cikin gida, Sarki Charles X ya yanke shawarar shiga wani balaguron mulkin mallaka.

The "Fly whisk al'amarin" wanda shi ne dalilin da mamayewa

A cikin shekarar 1827, Hussein Dey, Dey na Aljeriya, ya buƙaci Faransa ta biya bashin shekaru 28 da aka yi kwangila a shekarar 1799 ta hanyar sayen kayayyaki don ciyar da sojojin yakin Napoleon a Masar. Jakadan Faransa Pierre Deval ya ki ba da amsoshi masu gamsarwa ga dey, kuma cikin fushi Hussein Dey ya taba ofishin jakadanci da whisk dinsa. Charles X ya yi amfani da wannan a matsayin uzuri don fara katange tashar jiragen ruwa na Algiers. Wannan katangar dai ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru uku ana yi, kuma ta kasance babbar illa ga 'yan kasuwan Faransa da suka kasa yin kasuwanci da Algiers, yayin da 'yan fashin teku na Barbary suka samu damar kaucewa katangar. Lokacin da Faransa a cikin shekarar 1829 ta aika da jakada zuwa dey tare da shawarwarin shawarwari, ya amsa da wuta mai ƙarfi da aka kai ga ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa da ke rufe. Sai Faransawa sun ƙaddara cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki mai ƙarfi.[16]

Sarki Charles X ya yanke shawarar shirya wani balaguron hukunci a bakin tekun Algiers don hukunta "rashin hankali" na dey, da kuma kawar da Barbary corsairs waɗanda suka yi amfani da Algiers a matsayin mafaka. An ba da sashin sojan ruwa na aikin Admiral Duperré, wanda ya ba da shawara game da shi, yana ganin yana da haɗari sosai. Amma duk da haka an ba shi shugabancin rundunar. Bangaren ƙasar yana ƙarƙashin umarnin Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne, comte de Bourmont.

A ranar 16 ga watan Mayu, wani jirgin ruwa mai ɗauke da jiragen yaki 103 da jigilar kaya 464 sun tashi daga Toulon, ɗauke da sojoji 37,612. An san ƙasar sosai, saboda abubuwan lura da aka yi a lokacin Daular Farko, kuma an zaɓi tsibirin Sidi Ferruch a matsayin wurin saukar ƙasa 25 kilometres (16 mi) yammacin Algiers. Jami'an tsaron sun isa birnin Algiers ne a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu, amma sai da aka kwashe har zuwa ranar 14 ga watan Yuni gaba ɗayan rundunar su iso.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Karim, L.A. (2016). Côte ouest d'Alger (in Walloon). Auteur. p. 56. ISBN 978-9947-0-4621-0. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  2. ↑ D'Ault-Dumesnil, Edouard (1868). Relation de l'Expédition d'Afrique en 1830 et de la conquête d'Alger. Lecoffre. p. 131.
  3. ↑ Bulletin universel des sciences et de l'industrie. 8: Bulletin des sciences militaires, Volume 11. Didot. 1831. p. 80.
  4. ↑ Pellissier de Reynaud, Henri (1836). Annales Algériennes, Volume 1. Gaultier-Laguionie. p. 24.
  5. ↑ Achille Fillias (1865). Nouveau. guide general du voyageur en Algerie par – (etc.). Garnier. pp. 33–.
  6. ↑ "Sur la terre d'Afrique !". www.algerie-ancienne.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-23.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  7. ↑ McDougall, James (2017). A History of Algeria. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. ISBN 9781108165747.
  8. ↑ De Quatrebarbes, Théodore (1831). Souvenirs de la campagne d'Afrique. Dentu. p. 35.
  9. ↑ Faivre d'Arcier, Charles Sébastien (1895). Historique du 37e régiment d'infanterie, ancien régiment de Turenne, 1587–1893. Delagrave. p. 223.
  10. ↑ "Conquête d'Alger ou pièces sur la conquête d'Alger et sur l'Algérie". 1 January 1831 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ Miroir de l'histoire, Numéros 247 à 25. Nouvelle librairie de France. 1970. p. 33.
  12. ↑ Watson, William E. (2003). Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 20. ISBN 9780275974701.
  13. ↑ Ajayi, J.F.A. (1989). Africa in the Nineteenth Century Until the 1880s. General history of Africa. UNESCO. p. 500. ISBN 978-92-3-101712-4. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  14. ↑ Association, American Historical (1918). General Index to Papers and Annual Reports of the American Historical Association, 1884–1914 (in Turanci). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  15. ↑ Mahfoud Kaddache, L'Algérie des Algériens, EDIF 2000, 2009, p. 413
  16. ↑ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0.
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