Mangkubhumi

...wang tani bakti di wado, wado bakti di mantri, mantri bakti di nu nangganan, nu nangganan bakti di mangkubumi, mangkubumi bakti di ratu, ratu bakti di déwata, déwata bakti di hyang...

Translation:
...the farmers is devoted (submissive) to Wado, Wado is devoted to Mantri, Mantri is devoted to Nu Nangganan. Nu Nangganan is devoted to Mangkubumi, Mangkubumi is devoted to the King, the King is devoted to the devatas, the devatas are devoted to Hyang...
— Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian (1518), II: 17--9

Mangkubhumi (Java_language" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Javanese language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Javanese; Sundanese; Jawi) kalma ce ta Firayim Minista wacce aka yi amfani da ita a tarihi a masarautun Java, Sumatra da Borneo a lokacin wayewar Hindu-Buddha a Nusantara . A wani wuri, ana kiran Mangkubhumi da Rijksbestuurder, Bendahara, Pepatih Dalem, Perdipati, Pab rago Butta, Tuan Bicara, Raja rago, da Tomarilaleng.

Da farko, an ba da matsayin Mangkubhumi ga mutanen da ba su da daraja. Koyaya, a tsawon lokaci matsayin Mangkubumi ya kasance a hannun Sarki da Yarima Dipati Anom (ɗan'uwan Sarki ko ɗan sarki mai mulki), tare da taken "Prince of Mangkubhumi" kuma ya zama matsayi mafi girma a ƙarƙashin sarki.

Magana

Kalmar mangkubhumi kalma ce da aka samo a cikin yarukan Indonesiya, misali a cikin rubutun Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian wanda ke cikin Tsohon Sundanese, akwai wannan sashi na jumla: [1]

A cikin manufar gwamnatin jihar a cikin Masarautar Sunda, ban da matakin Firayim Minista, ^[1] Mangkubumi na iya nufin mai kula da tashar jiragen ruwa. ^[2] A aiwatar da ayyukansa, Mangkubumi ya taimaka wa ayyukan Prebu ko Sarkin Masarautar Sunda, Nu nanggan ya taimaka wa 'Mangkubumi', Mantri ya taimaka wa Nu nanggan kuma Wado ya taimaka wa Mantri wadanda ke hulɗa kai tsaye da mutane.^[3] Hakanan ana samun Mangkubhumi a cikin Javanese, kuma ana kiransa 'Mahapatih Hamengkubumi sau da yawa ana taƙaita shi zuwa Mahapatihi ko kawai Mangkubumi . A cikin Banjarese, ana kiran Mangkubhumi a matsayin Maharaja Mangkubumi .

Dubi kuma

Wazir - Irin wannan matsayi daidai da Mangkubhumi .
Hamengkubuwana I, wanda ke da wani suna "Mangkubumi".
Gajah Mada, sanannen Mahapatih Hamengkubumi na Majapahit.

Manazarta

↑ Munandar, A.A. (1994). "Penataan Wilayah pada Masa Kerajaan Sunda". Berkala Arkeologi. 14 (2): 95–105. doi:10.30883/jba.v14i2.706. Archived from the original on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2026-01-02.
↑ Arifia, S.; Van Zichem, R.; Arsyad, A.; Zuchron, D. (2023). "16th Century Sundanese Royal Trade". International Journal of Social Service and Research. 3 (9): 2173–2182. doi:10.46799/ijssr.v3i9.522.
↑ Lubis, N.H.; Muhsin Z., M.; Sofianto, K.; Mahzuni, D.; Widyonugrohanto, W.; Mulyadi, R.M.; Darsa, U.A. (2016). "Rekonstruksi Kerajaan Galuh Abad Viii-Xv". Paramita: Historical Studies Journal. 26 (1): 9–22. doi:10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5142. ISSN 0854-0039. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2026-01-02.

[1] Munandar, A.A. (1994). "Penataan Wilayah pada Masa Kerajaan Sunda". Berkala Arkeologi. 14 (2): 95–105. doi:10.30883/jba.v14i2.706. Archived from the original on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2026-01-02.

[2] Arifia, S.; Van Zichem, R.; Arsyad, A.; Zuchron, D. (2023). "16th Century Sundanese Royal Trade". International Journal of Social Service and Research. 3 (9): 2173–2182. doi:10.46799/ijssr.v3i9.522.

[3] Lubis, N.H.; Muhsin Z., M.; Sofianto, K.; Mahzuni, D.; Widyonugrohanto, W.; Mulyadi, R.M.; Darsa, U.A. (2016). "Rekonstruksi Kerajaan Galuh Abad Viii-Xv". Paramita: Historical Studies Journal. 26 (1): 9–22. doi:10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5142. ISSN 0854-0039. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2026-01-02.

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