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Manie Maritz

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Manie Maritz
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Kimberley (mul) Fassara, 1873
ƙasa Afirka ta kudu
Mutuwa Pretoria, 20 Disamba 1940
Karatu
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a soja
Digiri Manjo Janar

Manie [1] Maritz (26 Yuli 1876 - 20 Disamba 1940), wanda aka sani da Gerrit Maritz. Jami'in Boer ne a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai shiga cikin kisan kare dangi na Herero da Nama kuma daga baya ya kasance babban dan takara a cikin tawaye na Maritz na Jamus a 1914.[2] cikin 1930s, Maritz ya zama mai nuna goyon baya ga Nazi kuma mai goyon bayan Nazi Jamus.

Shekarun farko

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An haifi Maritz a Kimberley, Arewacin Cape sannan a cikin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya na Cape of Good Hope, kuma saboda haka, batu ne na Burtaniya. An yi masa baftisma Salomon Gerhardus Maritz.[3]Lokacin da ya cika shekara 19 ya tafi Johannesburg kuma kawunsa ya dauke shi aiki a matsayin direban taksi. A lokacin Jameson Raid ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai gadin sansanin Johannesburg. Wannan ya ba shi damar zama ɗan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Zuid-Afrikaansche (ZAR). Wannan, bi da bi, ya ba shi damar shiga Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Politie (ZARP), rundunar 'yan sanda a Johannesburg.[4] : 5.

Yakin Boye na Biyu

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Maritz ya shiga rundunar Commando ta Boksburg kuma ya zarce zuwa gaban Natal.[5] 10  Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar leken asiri ta Daniel Theron sannan ya shiga cikin mamayewar Cape Colony. Daga karshe ya sauka a cikin hamada-kamar yankin Arewa-maso-yammacin Cape.[6]  21–29  Maritz ya yi iƙirarin cewa Jan Smuts ya naɗa shi a matsayin mai cin ganyayyaki ('yaƙi-janar').[7]47  A lokacin Denis Reitz yana cikin ma'aikatan Janar Jan Smuts. Reitz ya rubuta cewa Maritz ta kasance kawai "shugaban ƙungiyoyin tawaye daban-daban".[8] Idan Smuts ya nada Maritz a matsayin janar na fada, Reitz zai sani game da shi.

A kusa da ƙarshen yaƙin Maritz ta ba da umarnin kashe 35 Colored (Khoikhoi) a cikin abin da ya zama sananne da kisan kiyashin Leliefontein. Kisan kiyashin wani ramuwar gayya ne ga harin da aka kai wa Maritz da jam’iyyarsa, lokacin da ya je yin hira da ‘yan mishan na Turai a Leilefontein. Gideon Scheepers da Breaker Morant an gurfanar da su a gaban kotu kuma aka harbe su da aikata irin wannan laifin. Lokacin da aka samu zaman lafiya, ’yan burguza na jamhuriyar da suka zama tilas ne su ajiye makamansu tare da rattaba hannu kan wata mubaya’a ga Sarkin Birtaniya. Maimakon haka, Maritz ya zame kan iyakar zuwa Jamus ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, bai bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya yi haka ba. [9] 54-55

Inter yakin shekaru

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Maritz ya tafi Turai sannan ya tafi Madagascar sannan ya koma Turai[10]Ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya yi noman dawakai a Cape, kuma ana kyautata zaton ya taimaka wa Jamusawa a lokacin kisan kare dangi na Herero da Nama. Lokacin da Maritz ya dawo, ya tafi Transvaal, amma an kama shi don shiga mulkin mallaka, ba tare da sanya hannu kan rantsuwar mubaya'a ba. Ya tashi zuwa Cape. Lokacin da Free State ta sami gwamnati mai alhakin, ya je can kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin 'yan sanda a Transvaal.[11].

Yaƙin Duniya na Farko

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A cikin 1913, an ba Maritz kwamiti a cikin Rundunar Jama'a Active na Rundunar Tsaro ta Tarayyar. Ya karɓa kuma, bayan ya halarci kwas ɗin horo, an naɗa shi ya zama kwamandan yankin soja da ke kusa da Jamus ta Kudu-maso-Yammacin Afirka. A cikin watan Agusta 1914, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Laftanar-Kanar.[12] akwai shaidar cewa ya fara hada baki da Jamusawa tun da wuri. Tun a lokacin kaka (kudanci) na 1913 ya yi hulɗa da gwamnan Jamus a makwabciyar ƙasa.[13] 18-19

A ranar 23 ga Satumba 1914 aka umurci Maritz da ta ci gaba zuwa kan iyakar Jamus, don tallafawa mamayewar Tarayyar Turai a kusa da Sandfontein, inda wani yanki na sojojin Laftanar-Kanar Lukin ya makale. Pretoria, amma ya sake ki yin hakan.[14] 80  A ranar 9 ga Oktoba ya yanke shawarar yin tawaye.[15] 100–110  Washegari ya mamaye garin Keimoes. Sannan a ranar 22 ga Oktoba ya samu rauni a wani artabu da sojojin gwamnati kuma aka kai shi Jamus ta Kudu-maso-Yammacin Afirka.[16] 111.

Wasu sun sanya wa tawayen sunansa[17]

Daga baya rayuwa

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Lokacin da Maritz ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1923 an kama shi kuma an tuhume shi da cin amanar kasa. An yanke masa hukunci kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru uku a gidan yari.[18]: 2  Lokacin da Janar Hertzog ta National Party ya lashe zaben 1924, sun sake shi bayan ya yi watanni uku kacal. A cikin 1939 ya buga tarihin rayuwarsa mai suna My Lewe en Strewe (rayuwa da buri). Britz ya nuna cewa an rubuta littafin shekaru da yawa bayan abubuwan da suka faru, ba shi da haƙiƙa kuma yana da daɗin ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi. An same shi da laifi kuma an ci shi tarar £75.[19] : 185 [20]

Mutuwa

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Maritz ta mutu a wani hatsarin mota a Pretoria a ranar 19 ga Disamba 1940, tana da shekaru 64.[21] An binne shi a makabartar Pretoria West.[22] [23]

A cikin shahararrun al'adu

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Halin Janar Manie Roosa, a cikin littafin James Rollins da kuma littafin Grant Blackwood The Kill Switch (2014), ya kasance "sosai sako-sako bisa ga ainihin jagoran Boer Manie Maritz.[24]

Ana ambaton Maritz sau da yawa a cikin John Buchan's Greenmantle (1916) inda jaruman, waɗanda 'yan leƙen asirin Birtaniyya ne, suka mayar da su a matsayin jiga-jigan tawaye na Maritz don kutsawa cikin masu kishin Jamus [25]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Manie Maritz Geni"
  2. ↑ EB editors 2010
  3. ↑ EB editors 2010
  4. ↑ Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939
  5. ↑ Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939
  6. ↑ Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939
  7. ↑ Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939
  8. ↑ Reitz, Deneys, Commando:A Boer journal of the Boer War, Albion Press, 2015, Kindle Edition, locations 3916 - 3921
  9. ↑ Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939.
  10. ↑ Deneys Reitz, Trekking On, Kindle edition, 2016, locations 360 and 602
  11. ↑  Maritz, Manie, My lewe en strewe, published by the author in 1939.
  12. ↑ Union of South Africa 1915
  13. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
  14. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
  15. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
  16. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
  17. ↑ "Salomon Gerhardus Maritz"
  18. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
  19. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.,
  20. ↑ Kraus 1944
  21. ↑ "The Nazification of the Afrikaner Right"
  22. ↑ EB editors 2010A
  23. ↑ eGGSA Library website
  24. ↑ Rollins, James & Blackwood, Grant (2014). "Prologue". The Kill Switch.
  25. ↑ Britz, Jurgens Johannes, Genl S G (Manie) Maritz se aandeel aan die rebellie van 1914 – 1915, unpublished M.A. dissertation University of Pretoria, 1979.
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