Manifesto na Mata
 Manifesto na Mata | |
|---|---|
manifesto (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Farawa | 1914 |
| Mawallafi |
Mina Loy (mul) |
| Ranar wallafa | 1982 |
An rubuta Manifesto na Mata a shekara ta 1914 ta marubuciyar zamani ta Ingila Mina Loy (Disamba 27, 1882 - Satumba 25, 1966), amma ba a buga shi ba har zuwa 1982 ta The Last Lunar Baedeker . [1] Rubutun ya yi kira ga mata suyi aiki don sukar Yunkurin mata a karni na 20, yayin da suke tsara ajanda don tabbatar da asalin mata a cikin sauye-sauyen al'umma. Ana samun wannan aikin ta hanyar fitar da matsayi na gargajiya da rushe bambancin tsakanin maza da mata. Takardar ta dogara ne akan siyasa da kuma shigar da hankali.
Tarihi da mahallin wallafe-wallafen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Loy ya rubuta Manifesto na Feminist a shekara ta 1914, yayin da yake zaune a cikin wata al'umma mai ba da izini a Florence, Italiya. Babban Yakin ya ci gaba, kuma ya kasance daga 1914 har zuwa 1918, wanda ya haifar da babbar rushewa a cikin dabi'un zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ana buƙatar mata su shiga aikin ma'aikata a matsayin maye gurbin maza da suka tafi yaƙi. Yayin da yaƙin ya zo ƙarshe, Majalisar ta kada kuri'a don amincewa da Dokar Wakilai na Jama'a.[2] Wannan dokar ta ba mata damar yin zabe a karo na farko, kodayake ta ƙunshi ka'idoji game da waɗanda suka iya kiyaye matsayin zamantakewa. A mayar da martani ga sauye-sauyen, Loy ya rubuta Manifesto Feminist .
Takardar ta fara ne da kira kai tsaye ga mata:
Yunkurin mata kamar yadda aka kafa a halin yanzu bai isa ba.Mata idan kuna so ku fahimci kanku - kuna gab da mummunar rikici na tunanin mutum - duk burin dabbarku dole ne a bayyana su - ƙaryace-ƙaryacen ƙarni sun tafi - shin kun shirya don Wrench - ?Babu rabin ma'auni - Babu wani gogewa a saman tarin shara na al'ada, zai kawo gyare-gyare, hanya daya tilo ita ce Absolute Demolition.Dakatar da sanya amincewar ku a cikin dokokin tattalin arziki, mataimakin yaƙe-yaƙe da ilimi na uniform - kuna lalata Gaskiya.Ayyukan sana'a da kasuwanci suna buɗewa a gare ku - Shin duk abin da kuke so?
Tasirin mata da manifestos
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyauta a cikin ka'idar mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayanan mata kamar Valerie Solanas 'SCUM Manifesto sun aro wasu ra'ayoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Manifesto na Mata, kamar sukar tasirin tarihi na maza a kan tsarin al'umma da kuma kiran gagarumin canji. [ana buƙatar hujja][ana buƙatar ƙa'ida].
Ka'idar Manifesto
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An dauki Manifesto na zamani a matsayin sanarwar jama'a game da tabbacin fasaha. Wannan takamaiman manifesto yana amfani da wannan halayyar ta hanyar amfani da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci game da zaɓin kalma da sanya jumla. Halinsa da harshensa suna nuna matsayin cin gashin kai da mutum ta amfani da harshe mai karfi don manufar samun masu karatu su saka hannun jari. Takardar ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayin yin ayyukan jama'a. Wannan ra'ayin yana da amfani wajen isar da wani matsakaici wanda ba a ƙayyade masu sauraro ba, amma suna sha'awar sautin da bayanin da aka gabatar ta hanyar rubutu. A cikin takaddar zamani, maganganun ƙiyayya sun zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga kayan da aka rubuta a baya.
Karɓuwa da zargi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manifesto na Mata ya kasance daya daga cikin samfurori da yawa da aka yi amfani da su game da batutuwan mata tun lokacin da aka saki shi ba tare da buga shi ba. Masana kamar Susan Gilmore da Cristanne Miller suna jayayya cewa rubutun da kansa yana nuna kwarewar Loy.
"Susan Gilmore, alal misali, ta bayyana rashin mutunci a matsayin mai son namiji da ke ƙoƙarin "rashin ganuwa" ta hanyar "mafi girman" "mutumin mutum," kuma yana amfani da "Manifesto na Mata" don rarraba aikin Loy a matsayin mai ban sha'awa wanda "ya riga ya nuna ganuwar mace" da kuma "mai iko ba na al'adu ba amma na rashin haƙƙin mallaka ba".[al][3]
"'Hakazalika, Cristanne Miller, kuma tana ambaton manifesto da daidaita rashin mutunci tare da musantawa na mutum, ta yi jayayya cewa Loy "ya ƙi har ma da rashin mutunci na lyric" ta hanyar "ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi da kuma abubuwan da ke nuna kansa" a cikin waƙarta.'"[s][ing][3]
Ƙarin karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Gillespie, Margaret (2016-06-15). ""Secret-Service buffoon to the Woman's Cause": Mina Loy's ambivalent commitments". E-rea. Revue électronique d'études sur le monde anglophone (in Turanci). 13 (2). doi:10.4000/erea.5151. ISSN 1638-1718.
- Lusty, Natalya (2008-11-01). "Sexing the Manifesto: Mina Loy, Feminism and Futurism". Women: A Cultural Review. 19 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1080/09574040802413834. ISSN 0957-4042. S2CID 191593834.
- Pozorski, Aimee L. (2005). "Eugenicist Mistress & Ethnic Mother: Mina Loy and Futurism, 1913-1917". MELUS. 30 (3): 41–69. doi:10.1093/melus/30.3.41. ISSN 0163-755X. JSTOR 30029772.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Mina Loy". Poetry Foundation (in Turanci). 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
- ↑ "6 February 1918: Women get the vote for the first time". BBC. February 6, 2018. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Christina Walter (2009). "Getting Impersonal: Mina Loy's Body Politics from "Feminist Manifesto" to Insel". MFS Modern Fiction Studies. 55 (4): 663–692. doi:10.1353/mfs.0.1635. ISSN 1080-658X. S2CID 153835268.