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Manufofin ƙasashen waje na National Liberation Front (Algeria)

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Manufofin ƙasashen waje na National Liberation Front (Algeria)
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Ƙasa Aljeriya

Ƙungiyar neman 'Yancin Ƙasa ta Aljeriya, wacce kuma aka sani da Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), ta taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin neman 'yancin kai na Afirka da dama na adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka a ƙarni na 20. Koyaya, ainihin tasiri, yanayi, da girman taimakon da FLN ke bayarwa ga ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai na Afirka har yanzu ana muhawara sosai. Da aka ce, shigar FLN ya kasance kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. Alal misali, ta taimaka wa Mozambique kai tsaye, ta taimaka wajen horar da sojoji daga FRELIMO, Mozambik Liberation Front, a Aljeriya. A gaskiya ma, CIA ta kiyasta cewa ta horar da kimanin 200 mayakan FRELIMO a shekarar 1964.[1] A fakaice ta yi zaburarwa da taimaka wa binciken bayan mulkin mallaka a Afirka. Misali, FLN ta yi nuni zuwa ga Amilcar Cabral, mai ra'ayin 'yanci na ƙasa daga Guinea-Bissau. Aljeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a cikin shekarar 1962 tare da taimakon FLN,[2] saboda haka, ta zama misali na samun nasara da 'yanci daga ikon mulkin mallaka ga yawancin ƙasashen Afirka da Latin Amurka. To sai dai kuma duk da haka, yunkurin kungiyar 'yantar da al'ummar Aljeriya na ci gaba da zama wani batu na takaddama. A gefe guda kuma, ana tunanin dalilansa sun samo asali ne daga bukaytar da ake da ita na kula da yadda ake raba madafun iko a duniya, musamman a nahiyar Afirka, wanda a wancan lokacin ake tunanin an raba tsakanin "matsakaici" da kuma hanyoyin samun 'yancin kai. [3] A ɗaya hannun kuma, ana ganin aniyar kungiyar 'yantar da al'ummar ƙasar Aljeriya ta samu kwarin guiwa ne daga yunkurin Gamal Abdel Nasser na al'ummar larabawa a cikin ƙasashen larabawa, wanda ke karfafa kyakkyawar hangen nesanta a nahiyar Afirka. Duk da haka, tasirin Aljeriya ba wai kawai ya shiga siyasa ba, har ma a fagen akida. Da yawa daga cikin jiga-jigan jam'iyyar FLN na Aljeriya sun yi kira da a sauya sheka daga "amfanonin tattalin arziki da siyasa, "zuwa" wadatar tattalin arziki da mutuncin siyasa" a ɗaukacin Afirka. [3]

FRELIMO da FLN

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Ƙungiyar neman 'Yancin Mozambique, wacce aka fi sani da FRELIMO, ta ɗauki nauyin gwagwarmaya da masu mulkin mallaka na Portugal. [4] Duk da haka, don ɗaukar gwagwarmayar makamai, yana buƙatar makamai. An amince da Front de Liberation Nationale na Aljeriya da samar da makamai ga kungiyoyin 'yantar da ƙasa, kamar FRELIMO, a cikin shekarar 1960s. Amma duk da haka, har zuwa wane lokaci da kuma ainihin menene ƙungiyar Front de Liberation Nationale ta aika wa takwarorinta na Afirka har yanzu ba a san ko ina ba. Daga ƙarshe, malaman Aljeriya a cikin FLN sun mai da hankali kan yanayin tashin hankali na adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka, zuwa manufofin siyasa na akida. [1] Sakamakon haka, ta sami damar ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwarta na ci gaba da ƙungiyoyi kamar FRELIMO a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka [1] Duk da haka, ana zargin FLN na Aljeriya da gazawa game da barin ra'ayoyin siyasa da akida na dogon lokaci akan FRELIMO. Ba kamar FLN ba, FRELIMO ta sami damar ƙarfafa akidun jam'iyyarta, duk lokacin da take ƙirƙira da ƙarfafa cibiyoyinta na siyasa a Mozambique. [5] Da aka ce, FRELIMO ta sami damar kafa kanta a cikin al'umma da siyasar Mozambique. [5] Don haka, yana da wahala a rage tasirin FLN a kan ɓullowar gwamnatin Markisanci a sabuwar ƙasar Mozambique bayan mulkin mallaka. [5]

Guinea-Bissau da FLN

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Amilcar Cabral ɗan juyin-juya-hali ne, mai ra'ayin mulkin mallaka na Guinea-Bissau, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin yin hasashen ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da Afirka a cikin sabon yanayin Aljeriya bayan mulkin mallaka. [6] Dangane da tasirin tasirin tunani na FLN, jiga-jiganta sun matsa kaimi ga haɗin kan Afirka bisa ga kwarewar 'yan mulkin mallaka da aka raba, a cikin yanayin sabuwar mulkin mallaka na Aljeriya [3] Duk da haka, Afirka ta rabu tsakanin hanyoyin "matsakaici" da "juyin juya hali" don samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. [3] Bayan ya koma kan ajanda da aka mayar da hankali kan akidar siyasa, sabuwar manufar FLN ita ce ta karkatar da "matsakaici" Afirka zuwa sabuwar "hankalin siyasa." [3] Ba da daɗewa ba, Yaƙin 'Yancin Aljeriya ya zama tunatarwa ga kowa, game da tashin hankali da ta'addanci na mulkin mallaka da yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yantar da ƙasa. [3] Saboda haka, da yawa daga cikin malaman bayan mulkin mallaka suna jayayya cewa ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da ƙasa na Afirka waɗanda suka kasance masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da masu adawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka sun sami wahayi daga FLN a Aljeriya. [3] Da wannan a zuciyarsa, Amilcar Cabral ya yi tasiri sosai daga Frantz Fanon, wani masanin bayan mulkin mallaka, wanda aka sani da ya zama shahararren marubucin The Wretched of the Earth, littafin da ya yi tasiri sosai a lokacin da yake yaki da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a lokacin yakin 'yancin kai na Aljeriya.[7] A cikin kusanci da sojoji daga FLN, akidu da ayyukan FLN sun yi tasiri sosai akan aikin Fanon, wanda hakan ya rinjayi na Amilcar Cabral, wanda ya rubuta martani ga Fanon.[8]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Byrne, Jeffrey James (15 March 2016). Mecca of Revolution: Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Order. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199899159 – via Google Books.
  2. ↑ Paul, Christopher; Clarke, Colin P.; Grill, Beth; Dunigan, Molly (12 May 2019). "Case Outcome: COIN Loss". Paths to Victory. RAND Corporation. pp. 75–93. ISBN 9780833081094. JSTOR 10.7249/j.ctt5hhsjk.16.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Mortimer, Robert A. (12 May 1970). "The Algerian Revolution in Search of the African Revolution". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 8 (3): 363–387. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0001990X. JSTOR 158849. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "jstor1" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ de Braganca, Aquino; Depelchin, Jacques (12 May 1986). "From the Idealization of Frelimo to the Understanding of the Recent History of Mozambique". African Journal of Political Economy. 1 (1): 162–180. JSTOR 23500224.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henriksen, Thomas H. (12 May 1978). "Marxism and Mozambique". African Affairs. 77 (309): 441–462. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097021. JSTOR 721959.
  6. ↑ Nzongola-Ntalaja (1984). "Amilcar Cabral and the Theory of the National Liberation Struggle". Latin American Perspectives. 11 (2): 43–54. doi:10.1177/0094582X8401100203. JSTOR 2633520. S2CID 145116180.
  7. ↑ Macey, David (13 November 2012). Frantz Fanon: A Biography (Second ed.). Verso Books. ISBN 9781844677733 – via Google Books.
  8. ↑ Chabal, Patrick (21 April 1983). Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War. CUP Archive. ISBN 9780521271134 – via Google Books.
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