Manufofin makamashi na Scotland

Manufofin makamashi na Scotland
energy policy by country or territory (en)

Wasu fannoni na 'Manufofin Makamashi a Scotland' an tanada su musamman ga Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya a karkashin sharuddan Scotland. Dokar Scotland ta 1998 wacce ta kirkiro Majalisar dokokin Scotland. Wannan ba yana nufin duk fannoni na makamashi an tanada su ba, alal misali Gwamnatin Scotland ta shiryawa yunkurin zubar da ciki don ƙaddamar da kamfanonin makamashi na kansu. Bugu da ƙari, tunda tsarawa lamari ne da aka ba da shi, gwamnatin Scotland tana da ikon tsara jagorancin samar da makamashi a Scotland ta hanyar amincewa ko ƙin sabbin ayyukan.

A shekara ta 2004, Kwamitin Kasuwanci na Majalisar Dokokin Scotland ya yi kira ga ci gaba da manufofin makamashi na Scotland.

Gwamnatin SNP da ta karɓi mulki a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007 musamman ta haɗa da kalmar 'makamashi' a cikin taken fayil ɗin lokacin da aka kirkiro matsayin ƙaramin minista na Ministan Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Yawon Bude Ido don maye gurbin matsayin 'Ministan Kasuwanci da Ilimi na Rayuwa'.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su

Rufewar Tashar wutar lantarki ta Longannet a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 ya kawo karshen samar da wutar lantarki a Scotland.

Makamashi mai sabuntawa

Iska, raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman ruwan sama sun kai sama da 80% na ƙarfin makamashi mai sabuntawa na Scotland.

Samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a Scotland lamari ne wanda ya fito fili a fannin fasaha, tattalin arziki, da siyasa a lokacin farkon shekarun karni na 21. Tushen albarkatun halitta don makamashi mai sabuntawa yana da ban mamaki ta Turai, har ma da ka'idojin duniya, tare da mahimman hanyoyin da za su iya samu su ne iska, raƙuman ruwa, da raƙuman ruwan sama.

A ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, akwai 4,796 megawatts (MW) na ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka shigar a Scotland, ƙaruwa da kashi 9.5 cikin dari (416 MW) a ƙarshen shekara ta 2010. Sabunta wutar lantarki a cikin 2011 ya kasance rikodin rikodin a 13,750 GWh - karuwar kashi 44.5 a cikin 2010. Kimanin kashi 35 cikin dari na wutar lantarki ta Scotland ta fito ne daga sabuntawa a cikin shekara ta 2011, wanda ya wuce burin Gwamnatin Scotland na kashi 31. Scotland ta ba da gudummawa kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na fitar da sabuntawa na Burtaniya a cikin shekara ta 2011.

Ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin injiniya da tattalin arziki suna ba da damar amfani da ƙarin albarkatun sabuntawa. Tsoro game da "mafi girman mai" da Canjin yanayi sun sa batun ya hau kan ajanda na siyasa kuma suna ƙarfafa amfani da man fetur daban-daban. Kodayake kudaden ayyukan da yawa sun kasance ko dai hasashe ko dogaro da karfafawa na kasuwa, mai yiwuwa ne cewa akwai wani muhimmin abu, kuma a duk yiwuwar canji na dogon lokaci, a cikin tattalin arzikin da ke da tushe.

Baya ga ƙaddamar da ƙaruwa a cikin manyan ƙarfin samarwa da microsystems ta amfani da hanyoyin sabuntawa, ana gudanar da bincike kan tsare-tsaren da suka shafi rage hayakin carbon. Kodayake akwai gagarumin tallafi daga bangarorin jama'a, masu zaman kansu da na al'umma, an nuna damuwa game da tasirin fasahar a kan yanayin halitta. Har ila yau, akwai muhawara ta siyasa mai tasowa game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin wurin zama, da mallakar da sarrafa waɗannan albarkatun da aka rarraba.

Muhawarar siyasa ta ci gaba tana tattare da ɗaukan da tsare-tsaren ƙarfafawa da ake da su don fasahohin da ake sabunta su a Scotland. Akwai tashe-tashen hankula game da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin kayan aikin sabuntawa a Scotland idan aka kwatanta da na Ingila tare da shawarar cewa yakamata gwamnatin Burtaniya ta amince da hakan.

Ikon nukiliya

Lokacin da Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da sanarwar sake dubawa a farkon shekara ta 2006, Jam'iyyar Scottish National Party (SNP) da sauransu sun bayyana ra'ayinsu cewa Scotland ba ta buƙatar sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, lokacin da Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da izinin gina sabon ƙarni na tashoshin makamashin nukiliya a duk faɗin Burtaniya, SNP ta kafa Gwamnatin Scotland kuma Ministan farko Alex Salmond ya bayyana cewa babu "wani damar" da za a gina ƙarin tashoshin nukiliya da aka gina a Scotland. Majalisar dokokin Scotland ce ta goyi bayan matsayin Gwamnati wanda ya kada kuri'a 63-58 don tallafawa manufofin Gwamnatin Scotland na adawa da sabbin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya.