Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi

 

Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	public policy (en)
Muhimmin darasi	ƙwaya
Uses (en)	supply reduction (en) , drug demand reduction (en) da drug harm reduction (en)

Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi shine manufofin game da sarrafawa da tsara abubuwa masu aiki da hankali (wanda aka fi sani da kwayoyi), musamman wadanda ke da jaraba ko haifar da dogaro da jiki da tunani. Duk da yake gwamnatoci suna aiwatar da manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi gabaɗaya, ƙungiyoyi a kowane mataki (daga kungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, na ƙasa ko na gida, gwamnatoci, ko wuraren jama'a) na iya samun takamaiman manufofi da suka shafi miyagun ƙwalwa.

Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi galibi ana nufin su ne don yaki da jarabawar miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi ko dogaro da magance buƙata da wadatar miyagun ƙwalwa, da kuma rage cutar amfani da miyagun ƙwari, da samar da taimakon likita da magani. Matakan rage buƙatu sun haɗa da magani na son rai, farfadowa, maganin maye gurbin, gudanar da wuce gona da iri, madadin ɗaurin kurkuku don ƙananan laifuka masu alaƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi, takardar magani na miyagun ƙwalwa, kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a, ayyukan zamantakewa na al'umma, da tallafi ga iyalai. Ragewar bangaren samarwa ya haɗa da matakai kamar aiwatar da manufofin kasashen waje da nufin kawar da noman shuke-shuke na kasa da kasa da ake amfani da su don yin kwayoyi da kuma hana fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, tarar don laifukan miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi. Manufofin da ke taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da Shirye-shiryen allura, shirye-shirye na maye gurbin miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi, da kuma wuraren kyauta don gwada tsabtar miyagun ƙwalwa.

Ma'anar "magunguna" - wani abu da ke ƙarƙashin iko - ya bambanta daga iko zuwa iko. Misali, ana sarrafa heroin kusan ko'ina; abubuwa kamar khat, codeine, ko barasa ana sarrafa su a wasu wurare, amma ba wasu ba. Yawancin hukunce-hukunce kuma suna tsara magungunan magani, magungunan magunguna ba a dauke su da haɗari ba amma ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga masu riƙe da magungunan likita, kuma wani lokacin magungunan da ake samu ba tare da takardar magani ba amma kawai daga mai ba da izini kamar kantin magani, amma wannan ba a bayyana shi a matsayin " manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi". Duk da haka akwai wasu ka'idojin kasa da kasa game da waɗanne abubuwa suna ƙarƙashin wasu sarrafawa, musamman ta hanyar tarurrukan kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi na kasa da kasa guda uku.

Tsarin sarrafawa

Tsakanin izini da haramtacciyar doka, akwai ci gaba da ka'idoji masu yuwuwa. Hukumar Tarayyar Switzerland don batutuwan da suka shafi jaraba ta gano matakan 26 don tsara miyagun ƙwayoyi, a cikin yankuna 6 (samarwa, rarrabawa, tallace-tallace, haraji, kula da farashi da amfani):

Yarjejeniyar kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta duniya

Mataki na 44 na Yarjejeniyar Ɗaya ta 1961 ta dakatar da yarjejeniyar kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi da yawa da suka gabata.

Tarihi

Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta farko don sarrafa wani abu mai kwakwalwa an karɓa a Taron Brussels a cikin 1890 a cikin mahallin ka'idojin da suka shafi cinikin bayi, kuma sun shafi abin sha. An bi shi da aikin karshe na Hukumar Opium ta Shanghai ta 1909 wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya daidaita zaman lafiya da shirya cinikin opium, bayan Opium Wars a karni na 19.

cikin 1912 a Yarjejeniyar Opium ta Duniya ta farko da yawa gudanar a Hague, an karɓi Yarjejeniyar Orpium ta Kasa da Kasa; [1] daga ƙarshe an haɗa shi cikin Yarjejeniyar Versailles a cikin 1919. Yawancin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa da suka shafi kwayoyi sun biyo baya a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya: Yarjejeniyar 1925 game da Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of Prepared Opium (wanda ya gabatar da wasu ƙuntatawa - amma babu cikakkiyar haramta - kan fitar da "Hemp na Indiya" mai tsabta), Yarjejeniyar 1931 don Ƙuntata Masanawa da Gudanar da Magunguna masu Narcotic da Yarjejeniyar Kula da Shan Opium a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Yarjejeniyar 1936 don Cire-Cikin haramtacciyar Hanyar Magunguna masu haɗari, da sauransu.[2] Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, jerin Yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu a Lake Success sun kawo cikin umarnin sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka kafa waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin kafin yaƙin da League of Nations da Ofishin Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya suka yi.