Margery Jourdemayne

Margery Jourdemayne, "Maƙaryaci na Next Eye Westminster" (kafin 1415 - 27 ga Oktoba 1441) mace ce ta Ingila wacce aka zarge ta da "gaskiya da maita". Wataƙila kotun coci ce ta yanke mata hukunci; babu wani rikodin da ya tsira da ke tabbatar da zargin. Edward Coke daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga takardar cewa an ƙone ta De heretico comburendo . An ƙone ta a kan gungume a Kasuwar Smithfield a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1441.

Rayuwa

Margery ta auri William Jourdemayne . Kodayake babu wani abu da aka sani game da iyalinta, dangin mijinta na Jourdemayne sun kasance masu kyau kuma masu wadata na Middlesex daga akalla ƙarshen karni na sha huɗu. Ma'anar sunan mahaifiyar mai yiwuwa ya fito ne daga Tsohon Faransanci don ma'aikacin rana.

Ayyuka

Tun daga farkon shekarun 1430, Margery da alama ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da wasu malamai da malamai masu daraja da kuma ma'aikatan kotu, wanda ba a saba gani ba ga matar makiyayi.

Eleanor Cobham ta yarda a shari'arta cewa ta yi amfani da ayyukan Margery na dogon lokaci. Da alama wannan dangantaka ce ta akalla shekaru goma. Eleanor ta kuma bayyana cewa ta nemi taimakon Margery don yin ciki daga mijinta, Humphrey, Duke na Gloucester. Wataƙila ita da sauran matan Kotun sun san sana'ar Margery.

A cikin 1432 'yan uwanta fursunoni a Windsor Castle sun haɗa da friars da malamai, ɗaya daga cikinsu, Ashwell, ya ƙware a ilimin taurari kuma zai yi nasarar yin hasashen hasken rana a watan Yunin 1433 .

Roger Bolingbroke shine mafi sanannun waɗannan malaman, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin 'mutumin farin ciki da kwarin gwiwa a cikin astronomye' kuma 'sananne a duk duniya' .

Southwell, wanda mai yiwuwa likitan Eleanor ne, sanannen likita ne na likita, a gida a kotun sarauta da kuma Birnin London. Shi, tare da Gilbert Kymer, likitan Duke Humphry, da John Somerset, suna daga cikin wadanda suka nemi magajin gari da birnin London don kafa kwalejin likitoci da likitoci a cikin 1423. A shekara mai zuwa, Kymer ya kasance Jagora na kwalejin, kuma Somerset da Southwell su ne masu binciken ko masu kula da shi guda biyu.

Akwai wasu shaidu na wasu sanannun da ke amfani da ƙwarewar Margery, kamar Edmund Beaufort, Duke na 2 na Somerset, wanda aka ce ya tuntubi Margery Jourdemayne, sanannen maƙaryaci na Eye, game da halinsa da makomarsa a lokacin rikice-rikicen da ke gabatowa. Ta gaya masa cewa za a ci shi kuma a kashe shi a wani gidan sarauta: amma muddin ya shirya sojojinsa kuma ya yi yaƙi a fili, zai kasance mai nasara kuma ya sami lafiya daga lahani.[1]

Shari'ar 1432

A lokacin shari'ar 1441 an bayyana cewa an tsare Margery na wasu watanni a Windsor Castle shekaru goma da suka gabata saboda wani laifi da ba a bayyana ba game da maita. A cikin 1430, an kama maƙaryaci bakwai a Landan kuma an zarge su da shirya mutuwar saurayi Sarki Henry sannan aka ɗaure su a cikin Fleet; yana yiwuwa Margery na ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan bakwai.

A kowane hali, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba na wannan shekarar an biya daya daga cikin serjeants-at-arms na sarki don raka 'wani mace' daga birnin London zuwa Windsor, kuma bayan kwana shida an biya wani serjeant don ɗaukar friar John Ashwell a wannan tafiya. Wani rubutu na gaba ya ba da umarnin biyan kuɗi ga mataimakin Windsor Castle, John Wintershull, don kuɗin da ya kashe don kiyaye Friar John da Margery Jourdemayne, da masu ɗaurin kurkuku guda biyu, daga 18 ga Nuwamba 1430 zuwa 9 ga Mayu 1432. Wani rubutu na Yuli 1432 ya ba da izinin biyan Wintershull don kuɗin da ya kashe. don kiyaye Margery da Ashwell.

A ranar 9 ga Mayu 1432, an bincika Margery, tare da Friar John Ashwell da John Virley (ma'aikaci), a kan zargin maita. An sallami Ashwell da Virley bisa ga amincewarsu, amma an saki Margery a kan yanayin halin kirki na gaba kuma ta guji ci gaba da maita.

Shari'ar 1441

Shari'ar da ta haifar da kisan Margery Jourdemayne an rubuta ta sosai kuma an tattauna ta tun daga karni na goma sha biyar. Eleanor Cobham, Duchess na Gloucester, matar Humphrey na Lancaster, Duke na farko na Glouvester, an tuhume ta da cin amana, tare da wadanda ake zargi da su hudu: Roger Bolingbroke, John Hume (ko Home), Thomas Southwell da Margery an zarge su da amfani da maita don kawo mutuwar Henry VI. [1] (Mijayin Cobham ya kasance na gaba a cikin layin kursiyin.)

Uku daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma sun kasance malamai da malamai na kotun Duke. Na huɗu shi ne Margery Jourdemayne, wata mace mai ƙarancin haihuwa, wanda ake zargi da "gaskiya da maita" bisa ga tarihin.

A wani lokaci tsakanin Yuli da Satumba 1441, mutanen sarki sun kama Margery kuma suka kai shi Hasumiyar Landan.

Maƙaryaci

An san Margery shekaru da yawa a matsayin wanda zai iya samar da sihiri da magunguna masu amfani wajen inganta soyayya da kawo ciki ko kawo karshen daya.

There was a Beldame [old woman] called the wytch of Ey,
Old mother Madge her neyghbours did hir name
Which wrought wonders in countryes by heresaye
Both feendes [fiends] and fayries her charmyng would obay
And dead corpsis from grave she could uprere
Suche an inchauntresse, as that tyme had no peere.

Wataƙila kotun coci ce ta yanke mata hukunci; babu wani rikodin da ya tsira da ke tabbatar da zargin. Edward Coke daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga takardar cewa an ƙone ta De heretico comburendo . An ƙone ta a kan gungume a Kasuwar Smithfield a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1441 . [1].

A cikin wallafe-wallafen

Margery ta bayyana a cikin William Shakespeare's Henry VI, Sashe na 2, a matsayin Margery Jourdayn, tare da wanda ake tuhuma. Har ila yau, wani hali ne a cikin littafin Philippa Gregory na 2011 game da Jacquetta na Luxembourg, The Lady of the Rivers .

A cikin al'adun gargajiya

Deborah Hyde, babban edita ga mujallar Burtaniya The Skeptic shafukan yanar gizo da laccoci game da imani da allahntaka da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi camfi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jourdemayne".