Marguerite Duras

Marguerite Duras
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu
Haihuwa	Gia Định (mul) da Birnin Ho Chi Minh, 4 ga Afirilu, 1914
ƙasa	Faransa
Mazauni	Faris
Harshen uwa	Faransanci
Mutuwa	6th arrondissement of Paris (en) da Faris, 3 ga Maris, 1996
Makwanci	Montparnasse Cemetery (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi (esophageal cancer (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifiya	Marie Donnadieu-Legrand
Abokiyar zama	Robert Antelme (mul)  (23 Satumba 1939 -  24 ga Afirilu, 1947) Dionys Mascolo (en)  (1947 -  1956)
Yara	view Jean Mascolo (mul)
Karatu
Makaranta	Université de Paris (mul) law degree in France (en) , DES (en) Q3578527
Harsuna	Faransanci Vietnamese (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, darakta, marubin wasannin kwaykwayo, Marubuci, marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, autobiographer (en) , ɗan jarida, Mai kare hakkin mata, mai falsafa, darakta da librettist (en)
Mahalarcin 1977 Cannes Film Festival (en) 1976 Cannes Film Festival (en) 1975 Cannes Film Festival (en)
Employers	Elle (mul) Libération (mul)
Muhimman ayyuka	The Lover (en) Moderato Cantabile (en) The Sea Wall (en) The Ravishing of Lol Stein (en) Le Vice-Consul (en) India Song (en) La Douleur (en) The North China Lover (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Prix Goncourt  (1984) : The Lover (en) Grand prix du théâtre  (1983) Austrian State Prize for European Literature  (1989)
Ayyanawa daga	gani [[Academy Award for Best Writing, Original Screenplay (en) ]] (27 ga Faburairu, 1961) : [[Hiroshima mon amour (en) ]]
Fafutuka	Nouveau Roman (en)
Sunan mahaifi	Marguerite Duras
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Parti communiste français (mul)
IMDb	nm0243921

Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu (), wanda aka fi sani da Marguerite Duras (Faransci), marubuciya ce ta Faransa, marubuciya, marubuciya. frfrRubutun ta na fim din Hiroshima mon amour (1959) ya ba ta gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Mawallafin asali a Kyautar Kwalejin .

Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Duras Marguerite Donnadieu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1914, a Gia Định, Cochinchina, Faransanci Indochina (yanzu Vietnam). Iyayenta, Marie (née Legrand, 1877-1956) da Henri Donnadieu (1872-1921), malamai ne daga Faransa waɗanda wataƙila sun haɗu a makarantar sakandare ta Gia Định. Dukansu biyu suna da aure na baya. Marguerite tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu: Pierre, babba, da ƙarami Paul.

Mahaifin Duras ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya koma Faransa, inda ya mutu a 1921, lokacin da Duras ke da shekaru bakwai. Tsakanin 1922 da 1924, iyalin sun zauna a Faransa yayin da mahaifiyarta ke hutu. Daga nan sai suka koma Indochina ta Faransa lokacin da aka tura ta Phnom Penh sannan Vĩnh Long da Sa Đéc suka biyo baya. Iyalin sun yi gwagwarmaya da kudi, kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi mummunar saka hannun jari a cikin wani yanki mai zaman kansa da kuma yankin gonar shinkafa a Prey Nob, labarin da aka ƙirƙira shi a cikin Un barrage contre le Pacifique (The Sea Wall).

A shekara ta 1931, lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Duras da iyalinta sun koma Faransa inda ta samu nasarar wucewa kashi na farko na baccalaureate tare da zaɓin Vietnamese a matsayin harshen waje, yayin da take magana da shi sosai. Duras ta koma Saigon a ƙarshen 1932 inda mahaifiyarta ta sami matsayi na koyarwa. A can, Marguerite ta ci gaba da karatunta a Lycée Chasseloup-Laubat kuma ta kammala kashi na biyu na baccalaureate, ta ƙware a falsafar.

A cikin kaka na 1933, Duras ya koma Paris, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin shari'ar jama'a a 1936. A lokaci guda, ta dauki darussan lissafi. Ta ci gaba da karatunta, ta sami difloma d'études supérieures (DES) a cikin dokar jama'a kuma, daga baya, a cikin tattalin arzikin siyasa. Bayan kammala karatunta a 1937, ta sami aiki tare da gwamnatin Faransa a Ma'aikatar Koloni. A shekara ta 1939, ta auri marubucin Robert Antelme, wanda ta sadu da shi yayin karatunta.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, daga 1942 zuwa 1944, Duras ya yi aiki ga Gwamnatin Vichy a cikin ofishin da ya ba da takardun takarda ga masu bugawa kuma a cikin tsari yana aiki da tsarin tantance littattafai. Daga nan sai ta zama memba mai aiki na PCF (Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Faransa) kuma memba na Resistance ta Faransa a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙaramin rukuni wanda ya haɗa da François Mitterrand, wanda daga baya ya zama Shugaban Faransa kuma ya kasance abokinsa na dindindin. Mijin Duras, Antelme, an kore shi zuwa Buchenwald a cikin 1944 saboda shiga cikin Resistance, kuma kusan ya tsira daga kwarewar (yana auna a lokacin da aka sake shi, a cewar Duras, kawai 38 kg, ko 84 fam).  Ta kula da shi zuwa lafiya, amma sun sake aure da zarar ya warke.

A shekara ta 1943, lokacin da ta buga littafinta na farko, ta fara amfani da sunan mahaifiyar Duras, bayan garin da mahaifinta ya fito, Duras, Lot-et-Garonne .

A shekara ta 1950, mahaifiyarta ta koma Faransa daga Indochina, mai arziki daga saka hannun jari na dukiya da kuma daga makarantar kwana da ta gudanar.

Ayyuka

Duras was the author of many novels, plays, films, interviews, essays, and works of short fiction, including her best-selling, highly fictionalized autobiographical work L'Amant (1984), translated into English as The Lover, which describes her youthful affair with a Chinese-Vietnamese man. It won the Prix Goncourt in 1984. The story of her adolescence also appears in three other books: The Sea Wall, Eden Cinema and The North China Lover. A film version of The Lover, produced by Claude Berri and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud, was released in 1992. Duras's novel The Sea Wall was first adapted into the 1958 film This Angry Age by René Clément, and again in 2008 by Cambodian director Rithy Panh as The Sea Wall.

Sauran manyan ayyukan sun hada da Moderato Cantabile (1958), wanda shine tushen fim din 1960 Seven Days...Kwanaki Bakwai...Seven Nights; Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein (1964); da kuma wasan kwaikwayonta India Song, wanda Duras kanta daga baya ta ba da umarni a matsayin fim a 1975. Ta kuma kasance marubuciyar fim din Faransa na 1959 Hiroshima mon amour, wanda Alain Resnais ya jagoranta. Littattafan farko na Duras sun kasance na al'ada ne, kuma an soki su saboda "romanticism" daga ɗan'uwan marubucin Raymond Queneau; duk da haka, tare da Moderato Cantabile, ta zama mai gwaji, ta rage matani don ba da mahimmancin abin da ba a faɗi ba. An haɗa ta da ƙungiyar litattafan Faransanci ta Nouveau Roman, kodayake ba ta cikin wani rukuni ba. An san ta da umurnin tattaunawa.

A shekara ta 1971, Duras ta sanya hannu kan Manifesto na 343, don haka ta sanar da jama'a cewa ta zubar da ciki.

According to literature and film scholars Madeleine Cottenet-Hage and Robert P. Kolker, Duras' provocative cinema between 1973 and 1983 was concerned with a single "ideal" image, at the same time both "an absolute vacant image and an absolute meaningful image," while also focused on the verbal text. They said her films purposely lacked realistic representation, such as divorcing image from sound and using space symbolically.

Yawancin ayyukanta, kamar su Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein da L'Homme assis dans le couloir (1980), suna magana ne game da jima'i na ɗan adam.

Duras a cikin 1993

Zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta, Duras ta buga wani ɗan gajeren littafi mai shafi 54 a matsayin ban kwana ga masu karatu da iyalinta. An rubuta shigarwa ta ƙarshe a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1995 kuma ta karanta "Ina tsammanin komai ya ƙare. Rayuwata ta ƙare. Ba komai ba ne. Na zama abin ban tsoro. Ina faɗuwa da sauri. Ba ni da baki, ba ni da fuska". Duras ta mutu a gidanta a Paris a ranar 3 ga Maris 1996, tana da shekaru 81.

Rayuwa ta mutum

A lokacin da aka kammala yakin duniya na biyu, ta jimre da rabuwa da mijinta, Robert Antelme, bayan da aka ɗaure shi a Buchenwald.  A lokacin da aka tsare shi ne ta rubuta La Douleur . Da yake gaskata cewa aminci ra'ayi ne mara ma'ana, Duras ya fara wani al'amari tare da marubucin Dionys Mascolo yayin da yake auren Antelme, ya kirkiro ménage à trois. Daga baya ya haifi ɗanta, Jean Mascolo .

Duras yana da dangi mai tasiri, daga marubuta da masu zane-zane zuwa masu ilimi har ma da masu laifi. Abokinta, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jacques Lacan, ya taɓa cewa, "Marguerite Duras ta san abin da nake koyarwa ba tare da ni ba," don yabon littafinta Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein .

A cikin shekaru ashirin na karshe na rayuwarta, Duras ta fuskanci manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya. A shekara ta 1980, an kwantar da ita a asibiti a karo na farko saboda haɗuwa da barasa da tranquilizers. Ta kuma sha wahala daga guba don magance jarabawarta ta barasa. Bayan an sake kwantar da ita a asibiti a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1988, ta fada cikin kwatsam wanda ya kasance har zuwa watan Yunin shekara ta 1989.  

Tare da matsalolin lafiyarta a cikin shekarun 1980, Duras ta fara dangantaka da Yann Andréa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan luwaɗi. Yann Andréa ta taimaka wa Duras ta hanyar matsalolin lafiyarsa. Duras za ta ba da cikakken bayani game da waɗannan hulɗa da abokantaka a cikin littafinta na ƙarshe, Yann Andréa Steiner .

Lafiyar Duras ta ci gaba da raguwa a cikin shekarun 1990. Ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Maris 1996.

Karɓar karɓa da gado

Samuel Beckett ya tuna da sauyawar rediyo na Le Square a matsayin "mai motsawa sosai" da kuma muhimmiyar lokaci a rayuwarsa lokacin da ya fara jin shi a shekara ta 1957.

Shirin karamin Faransanci na 2021 Une affaire française (aka A French Case) ya nuna Duras (wanda mai shan sigari Dominique Blanc ya buga) a cikin haske mai banƙyama, yayin da ta nuna kanta cikin binciken binciken kisan yara na 1984 ta hanyar zargin mahaifiyar laifin.

Labarin Yann Andréa game da dangantakarsa da Duras an kawo shi a cikin fim din Claire Simon na 2022 mai taken Vous ne désirez que moi (kalma da Duras ya jagoranta a Andréa) tare da Swann Arlaud a matsayin Andréa da Emmanuelle Devos a matsayin 'yar jarida Michèle Manceaux, daga baya Blaq Out ya bayar a DVD.

Duras ya bayyana a cikin daya daga cikin labarun littafin Fiona Sze-Lorrain a cikin labarun Dear Chrysanthemums (Scribner, 2023).

Bayanan littattafai

Littattafai da labaru

• (Plon, 1943) Wadanda ba su da kunya, masu juyawa. Kelsey L. Haskett (The New Press, 2021)
• La Vie tranquille (Gallimard, 1944). Rayuwa Mai Sauƙi, trans. Olivia Baes da Emma Ramadan (2022)
• Rashin ruwa a kan Tekun Fasifik (Gallimard, 1950). Ginin Tekun, trans. Herma Briffault (1952); kuma a matsayin A Sea of Troubles, trans. Antonia White (1953)
• Jirgin Ruwa na Gibraltar (Gallimard, 1952). Mai Jirgin Ruwa daga Gibraltar, trans. Barbara Bray (1966)
• Ƙananan Dawakai na Tarquinia (Gallimard, 1953). Ƙananan Dawakai na Tarquinia, trans. Peter DuBerg (1960)
• Ranar gaba ɗaya a cikin itatuwa (Gallimard, 1954). Dukan Kwanaki a cikin Bishiyoyi, trans. Anita Barrows (1984). Ya haɗa da wasu litattafai guda uku: "Le Boa", "Madame Dodin", "Les Chantiers"
• Gidan sarauta (Gallimard, 1955). Yankin, trans. Sonia Pitt-Rivers da Irina Morduch (1959)
• Moderato cantabile (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1958). Moderato Cantabile, trans. Richard Seaver (1960)
• Sa'o'i goma da rabi na dare a lokacin rani (Gallimard, 1960). 10:30 a cikin dare na bazara, trans. Anne Borchardt (1961)
• Bayan rana na Mista Andesmas (Gallimard, 1962). Ranar da yammacin Mista Andesmas, trans. Anne Borchardt da Barbara Bray (1964)
• Mai Farin Ciki na Lol V. Stein (Gallimard, 1964). Rashin hankali na Lol Stein, trans. Richard Seaver (1964); kuma a matsayin The Rapture of Lol V. Stein, trans. Eileen Ellenbogen (1967)
• Mataimakin Kwamishinan (Gallimard, 1965). Mataimakin Kwamishinan, mai canza launin fata. Eileen Ellenborgener (1968)
• L'Amante anglaise (Gallimard, 1967). Ma'aikatar Ingila, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray (1968)
• (Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da za a yi amfani da su a lokacin da ake amfani da su.) Ka hallaka, ta ce, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray (1970)
• Abahn Sabana David (Gallimard, 1970). Abahn Sabana David, mai canzawa. Kazim Ali (2016)
• Ah! Ernesto (Harlin Quist, 1971)
• L'Amour (Gallimard, 1972). Ƙaunar, mai canzawa. Kazim Ali da Libby Murphy (2013)
• Vera Baxter ko Tekun Atlantika (Albatros, 1980)
• Mutumin da ke zaune a cikin hallway (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1980). Mutumin da ke zaune a cikin Corridor, trans. Barbara Bray (1991)
• Mutumin Atlantika (Midnight Editions, 1982). Mutumin Atlantic, mai canzawa. Alberto Manguel (1993)
• Maladici na mutuwa (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1982). Cutar Mutuwa, trans. Barbara Bray (1986)
• L'Amant (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1984). Mai Ƙauna, mai canzawa. Barbara Bray (1985). An ba shi kyautar Prix Goncourt ta 1984.
• [Hasiya] Yaƙin, trans. Barbara Bray (1986)
• (Ka duba hoton da ke shafin nan.) Blue Eyes, Black Hair, trans. Barbara Bray (1987)
• (Ka duba hoton da ke shafin nan.) Slut na Kogin Normandy, trans. Alberto Manguel (1993)
• Emily L. (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1987). Emily L., mai sauyawa. Barbara Bray (1989)
• Ruwan bazara (POL, 1990) Lokacin bazara, trans. Barbara Bray (1992)
• Mai son Arewacin China (Gallimard, 1991). Mai son Arewacin China, trans. Leigh Hafrey (1992)
• Yann Andréa Steiner (Gallimard, 1992). Yann Andrea Steiner, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray (1993)
• Rubuta (Gallimard, 1993). Rubuce-rubuce, trans. Mark Polizzotti (2011)

Tarin abubuwa

• [Hasiya]
• A waje (Albin Michel, 1981). A waje, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (1986)
• La Vie matérielle (POL, 1987). Ayyuka, trans. Barbara Bray (1990)
• Les Yeux verts (Cahiers du cinéma, n.312-313, Yuni 1980 da sabon fitowar, 1987). Green Eyes, trans. Carol Barko (1990)
• Wannan shi ne kawai (POL, 1995). Babu Sa'a, trans. Richard Howard (1998)

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

• Viaducs na Seine da Oise (Gallimard, 1959). Viaducts na Seine-et-Oise, trans. Barbara Bray, a cikin Wasanni Uku (1967)
• Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na I: Ruwa da dazuzzuka; Square; La Musica (Gallimard, 1965)
  • Yankin, trans. Barbara Bray da Sonia Orwell, a cikin Wasanni Uku (1967)
  • La Musica, mai sauyawa. Barbara Bray (1975)
• L'Amante Inglesa (Gallimard, 1968). Ma'aikatar Ingila, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray (1975)
• Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na II: Suzanna Andler; Kwanaki cikakke a cikin bishiyoyi; Ee, watakila; Shaga; Mutum ya zo ya ganina (Gallimard, 1968)
  • Suzanna Andler, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray (1975)
  • Kwanaki a cikin itatuwa, trans. Barbara Bray da Sonia Orwell, a cikin Wasanni Uku (1967)
• India Song (Gallimard, 1973). Waƙar Indiya, trans. Barbara Bray (1976)
• Eden Cinema (Mercure na Faransa, 1977). Eden Cinema, trans. Barbara Bray, a cikin Wasanni Hudu (1992)
• [Hasiya] Agatha, mai canza launin fata Howard Limoli (1992)
• Savannah Bay (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1982; an sake shi, 1983). Savannah Bay, mai sauyawa Barbara Bray, a cikin Wasanni Hudu (1992); kuma daga Howard Limoli (1992)
• Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na III: Dabbar a cikin daji; Takardun Aspern; Dansa na mutuwa (Gallimard, 1984)
• La Musica na biyu (Gallimard, 1985). La Musica na biyu, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Bray, a cikin Wasanni Hudu (1992)

Hotuna

• Hiroshima mon amour (wanda Alain Resnais ya jagoranta, 1959). Trans. Richard Seaver (Gallimard, 1961)
• Irin wannan dogon lokaci (tare da Gérard Jarlot) (Gallimard, 1961). Irin wannan dogon lokaci, mai canza launin fata. Barbara Wright (1961)
• The Sailor from Gibraltar (labari na asali), Le Marin de Gibraltar, wanda Christopher Isherwood ya daidaita, wanda Tony Richardson ya jagoranta (1967)
• Nathalie Granger, ya biyo bayan La Femme du Gange (Gallimard, 1973)
• Camion, ya biyo bayan Tattaunawa da Michelle Porte (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1977). Gidan Duhu, trans. Alta Ifland da Eireene Nealand (Contra Mundum Press, 2021)
• Le Navire Night, ya biyo bayan Cesarée, da Hannun Mahimmanci, Aurélia Steiner (Mercure de France, 1979). Jirgin "Night", trans. Susan Dwyer
• The Lover (labari na asali), L'Amant, wanda Jean-Jacques Annaud ya daidaita kuma ya ba da umarni (1992)

Tattaunawa

• Les Parleuses, tare da Xavière Gauthier (Les Éditions de Minuit, 1974). Mace ga Mace, trans. Katharine A. Jensen (1987)
• An dakatar da Passion, tare da Leopoldina Pallotta della Torre (Le Seuil, 2013). An dakatar da sha'awar, trans. Chris Turner (2016)

Tarin da aka tattara a Turanci

• Littattafai huɗu: Square, Moderato Cantabile, 10:30 a kan dare na bazara, The Afternoon of Mr. Andesmas (Grove, 1966)
• Wasanni Uku: Square, Kwanaki a cikin Bishiyoyi, Viaducts na Seine-et-Oise (Calder & Boyars, 1967)
• Littattafai Uku: Square, Goma da talatin a kan dare na bazara, The Afternoon of Monsieur Andesmas (Calder, 1977)
• Wasanni huɗu: La Musica (La Musica na Biyu), Eden Cinema, Savannah Bay, India Song, trans. Barbara Bray (Oberon Books, 1992)
• Agatha / Savannah Bay: 2 Wasanni, trans. Howard Limoli (Post-Apollo Press, 1992)
• Biyu daga Duras: The Slut of the Normandy Coast / The Atlantic Man, trans. Alberto Manguel (Coach House, 1993)

Hotunan fina-finai

Kabarin Marguerite Duras, Kabari na Montparnasse, tare da alkalami, fensir, da gashin tsuntsaye, a ciki da kewayenta, tsire-tsire masu tukunya, a kan kabarinta.

Daraktan

• La Musica (1967)
• Ta ce ta hallaka (1969)
• Rana mai launin rawaya (1972)
• Nathalie Granger (1972)
• Mace ta Ganges (1974)
• Waƙar Indiya (1975)
• Sunansa na Venice a cikin hamadar Calcutta (1976)
• Dukan kwanaki a cikin bishiyoyi (1977)
• Jirgin Sama (1977)
• Baxter, Vera Baxter (1977)
• Hannun da ba su da kyau (1978)
• Kaisariya (1978)
• Jirgin Ruwa da Dare (1979)
• Aurelia Steiner (Melbourne) (1979)
• Aurélia Steiner (Vancouver) (1979)
• Agatha da karatun da ba a iyakance ba (1981)
• Mutumin Atlantika (1981)
• Il dialogo di Roma (1983)
• Yara (1985)

Mai wasan kwaikwayo

• India Song (1975) - (murya)
• Lorry (1977) - Elle
• Baxter, Vera Baxter (1977) - Mai ba da labari (murya, ba a san shi ba)
• Jirgin Ruwa da Dare (1979) - (murya)
• Aurélia Steiner (Vancouver) (1979) - Mai ba da labari (murya)
• Kowane Mutum Don kansa (1980) - (murya)
• Agatha da Karatun da ba a iyakance ba (1981) - (murya)
• Les Enfants (1985) - Labari (murya, ba a san shi ba) (aikin fim na ƙarshe)

Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

• 1958: Kyautar Mayu don Moderato cantabile
• 1962: Kyautar Tribune na Paris don Bayan-midi na Mista AndesmasRanar da rana ta Mista Andesmas
• 1972: Zaɓin hukuma a bikin fina-finai na Venice don fim din Nathalie Granger
• 1975: Kyautar Kungiyar Faransa ta fina-finai na fasaha da gwaji a Cannes for India SongWaƙar Indiya
• 1976: Kyautar Jean-Cocteau don fim ɗin Dukan kwanaki a cikin bishiyoyiKwanaki duka a cikin bishiyoyi
• 1983: Babban kyautar wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin Faransa
• 1984: Kyautar Goncourt don L'AmantMai Ƙauna
• 1986: Kyautar Ritz Paris Hemingway don The Lover