Maria Goretti

Maria Goretti
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Corinaldo (en) , 16 Oktoba 1890
ƙasa	Kingdom of Italy (en)
Mutuwa	Nettuno (en) , 6 ga Yuli, 1902
Karatu
Harsuna	Jamusanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	agricultural worker (en)
Feast
July 6 (en)
Imani
Addini	Kiristanci
Dokar addini	Passionists (en)

Maria Teresa Goretti ( [maˈriːa teˈrɛːza ɡoˈretti]; 16 ga Oktoba 1890 - 6 ga Yulin 1902) budurwa ce ta Italiya mai shahadar Cocin Katolika, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan tsarkaka da za a canonized. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin manoma. Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take da shekaru tara, kuma iyalin sun raba gida tare da wani iyali, Serenellis . Ta ɗauki ayyukan gida yayin da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta suka yi aiki a gonaki.ititit

Wata rana, Alessandro, ɗan Serenellis mai shekaru 20, ya yi mata jima'i. Lokacin da ta ki biyayya ga shi, sai ya soke ta sau 14. An kai ta asibiti amma ta mutu yayin da take gafarta masa. An kama shi, an yanke masa hukunci, kuma an daure shi. A lokacin da yake kurkuku, ya tuba. Bayan shekaru 27, an sake shi daga kurkuku kuma ya ziyarci mahaifiyarta don neman gafara, wanda ta ba da. Daga baya ya zama ɗan'uwa a gidan ibada na Capuchin kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1970. An yi wa Maria beatification a 1947 kuma an tsarkake ta a 1950. Ana girmama ta musamman a cikin Ikilisiyar Passion (Passionists).

Tarihin rayuwa

An haifi Maria a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1890, a Corinaldo, a Lardin Ancona, sannan a Masarautar Italiya, ga Luigi Goretti da Assunta Carlini, na uku na yara bakwai: Antonio (wanda ya mutu tun yana jariri), Angelo, Maria, Mariano (Marino), Alessandro (Sandrino), Ersilia, da Teresa.

A lokacin da Maria ta kasance biyar, iyalinta sun zama matalauta sosai har aka tilasta musu barin gonarsu, su ƙaura, da kuma aiki ga wasu manoma. A shekara ta 1896, sun koma Colle Gianturco, kusa da Paliano da Frosinone, kimanin kilomita hamsin a wajen Roma; sannan a 1899 zuwa Le Ferriere, kusa da Lazio" id="mwQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina da Nettuno na zamani a Lazio, inda suka zauna a cikin wani gini, "La Cascina Antica," sun raba tare da wani iyali wanda ya hada da Giovanni Serenelli da dansa, Alessandro .  : 1  : 20 Ba da daɗewa ba, mahaifinta ya yi rashin lafiya sosai da zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma ya mutu lokacin da take da shekaru tara kawai. : 21 Yayinda mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta ke aiki a cikin gonaki, za ta dafa, ta sa, ta kalli Teresa, kuma ta kiyaye gidan da tsabta.

Mutuwa

Hoton da aka sani kawai na Maria Goretti, wanda aka rubuta a farkon 1902

A ranar 5 ga Yulin 1902, Maria mai shekaru goma sha ɗaya tana zaune a kan matakala na waje na gidanta, tana sutura ɗaya daga cikin rigunan Serenelli kuma tana kallon Teresa, yayin da Serenelli ke niƙa wake a cikin barnyard. : 87-89 Sanin cewa za ta kasance kadai, Alessandro ya koma gidan kuma ya yi barazanar soke ta da wuka idan ba ta yi abin da ya ce ba; yana da niyyar yi mata fyade. Ba za ta miƙa wuya ba, duk da haka, tana nuna rashin amincewa cewa abin da yake so ya yi zunubi ne kuma tana gargadi shi cewa zai je jahannama. : 46 Ta yi yaƙi sosai kuma ta ci gaba da ihu game da zunubin niyyar Alessandro. Alessandro ya maƙure Maria, sannan ya yi mata wuka sau goma sha huɗu lokacin da ta nace cewa ta fi so ta mutu fiye da miƙa wuya a gare shi; : 90, 101 sai ya gudu daga wurin, amma ba kafin ya yi wa Maria wuka sau uku ba lokacin da ta yi ƙoƙarin isa ƙofar.  : 44 

Teresa ta farka da hayaniya kuma ta fara kuka, kuma lokacin da Assunta da Giovanni suka zo su duba ta, sun sami Maria tana zubar da jini a ƙasa kuma suka kai ta asibiti mafi kusa a Nettuno. An yi mata tiyata ba tare da anesthesia ba, amma raunin da ta samu bai wuce taimakon likitoci ba. A tsakiyar aikin tiyata, ta farka. Mai ba da magani ya gaya mata ta yi tunani game da shi a Aljanna. Ta kalli shi ta ce "To, wanene ya sani, wanene daga cikinmu zai kasance a can da farko?" Lokacin da likitan magani ya amsa cewa za ta kasance ta farko, Maria ta gaya masa cewa za ta "yi farin ciki" tunanin shi. Ta kuma nuna damuwa game da jin daɗin mahaifiyarta. : 54 Kashegari bayan harin, bayan da ta nuna gafara ga Alessandro kuma ta bayyana cewa tana so ta sami shi a sama tare da ita, Maria ta mutu daga raunin da ta samu. : 97, 105 

Jarida Noel Crusz ya ba da cikakken bayani:

On 6 July in 1902, at 3 pm whilst [Maria's mother] Assunta and the other children were at the threshing floor, Serenelli who persistently sought sexual favours from the 12-year-old [sic] girl approached her. She was taking care of her infant sister in the farmhouse. Allesandro [sic] threatened her with a 10-inch awl, and when she refused, as she had always done, he stabbed her 14 times. The wounds penetrated her throat, with lesions of the pericardium, heart, lungs, and diaphragm. Surgeons at Orsenigo were surprised that she was still alive. In a dying deposition, in the presence of the Chief of Police, she told her mother of Serenelli's sexual harassment, and two previous attempts made to rape her. She was afraid to reveal this earlier since she was threatened with death.

Labari na uku na harin ya gabatar da shi ne daga masanin tarihin Italiya Giordano Bruno Guerri a shekarar 1985. Ya tabbatar da cewa, yayin da yake cikin kurkuku, Alessandro ya bayyana cewa bai kammala harin ba kuma Maria ta mutu budurwa. Guerri ya gano makamin a matsayin awl maimakon wuka.

Kurkuku na Alessandro

An kama Alessandro jim kadan bayan harin: 'yan sanda da suka kai shi kurkuku sun kama motar asibiti da ta kai Maria asibiti. : 54 Da farko, za a yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai, amma tun da yake yana ƙarami a wannan lokacin an sauya shi zuwa shekaru 30; alƙalai har ma sun yi la'akari da cewa bai manyanta ba kamar yadda ake sa ran ya kasance ga mai shekaru 20, kuma ya girma a cikin iyali matalauta, mai sakaci, tare da 'yan'uwa da dangi da yawa da ke fama da rashin lafiya da kuma mahaifin mai shaye-shaye. : 36, 60, 64 An kuma ba da shawarar cewa saboda rokon mahaifiyarta na jinƙai ne ba a yanke masa hukuncin kisa ba. Ya nace cewa ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi mata fyade sau da yawa kuma ya yanke shawarar kashe ta saboda ƙin ta da kuka mai tsanani. Ya kasance ba tare da tuba ba kuma ba tare da sadarwa ba daga duniya har tsawon shekaru uku, har sai wani bishop na gida, Monsignor Giovanni Blandini, ya ziyarce shi a kurkuku. Ya rubuta bayanin godiya ga Bishop yana neman addu'o'insa kuma yana gaya masa game da mafarki, "inda Maria ta ba shi lilies, wanda ya ƙone nan da nan a hannunsa" : 87

Bayan an sake shi, Alessandro ya ziyarci mahaifiyar Maria, Assunta, kuma ya roƙe ta gafara. Ta gafarta masa, kuma sun halarci Mass tare washegari, suna karɓar tarayya mai tsarki gefe da gefe. : 88 An ruwaito cewa ya yi addu'a ga Maria kowace rana kuma ya kira ta "ƙaramin saint na". : 88-91

Alessandro daga baya ya zama ɗan'uwa na Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, yana zaune a gidan ibada kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncinsa da mai lambu har sai ya mutu a 1970 yana da shekaru 87.

yBeatification da canonization

Wani mutum-mutumi na Maria a cikin tufafin manoma yana riƙe da lilies da wuka

Babban kayan tarihi na Maria da aka nuna a St. Joseph Cathedral (Columbus, Ohio) Cocin St. Joseph (Columbus, Ohio)

An yi wa Maria beatification a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1947. Wadanda suka halarci bikin sun kasance Assunta da Paparoma Pius XII. A daren bikin a Basilica na Saint Peter, Paparoma ya tafi ya gaishe Assunta. Daga baya ta ba da rahoton, "Lokacin da na ga Paparoma yana zuwa, na yi addu'a, 'Madonna, don Allah ka taimake ni', kuma na ji rauni. Ya sanya hannunsa a kan kaina ya ce, 'Mahaifiyar da aka Albarka ta, uwa mai farin ciki, mahaifiyar mai albarka!'" Bayan haka, ana iya ganin su duka biyu da idanu da hawaye. : 67 

Shekaru uku bayan haka, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1950, Pius XII ya tsarkake Maria a matsayin mai tsarki, "Saint Agnes na karni na 20." Assunta ta sake halartar bikin, tare da sauran 'ya'yanta maza da mata hudu. Duk da abin da sanannun manema labarai suka ruwaito, Alessandro bai kasance ba don ko dai beatification ko canonization. Shi da 'yan majami'ar sun yanke shawarar, don kauce wa janye hankalinsu daga bikin, cewa ya fi kyau a gare shi kada ya halarci.

Saboda yawan jama'a da ke wurin, an gudanar da bukukuwan da ke da alaƙa da canonization a waje da Basilica na Saint Peter, a cikin Piazza San Pietro. Pius XII ya yi magana, ba kamar yadda ya gabata ba a cikin Latin, amma a cikin Italiyanci. "Muna ba da umarni kuma muna bayyana cewa za a iya girmama Maria Goretti mai albarka a matsayin Mai Tsarki, kuma muna gabatar da ita cikin Canon na Masu Tsarki. "Kimanin mutane 500,000, daga cikinsu yawancin matasa, sun zo daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Pius ya tambaye su: "Matasa, jin daɗin idanun Yesu, kun ƙuduri aniyar tsayayya da duk wani hari kan tsabtarku tare da taimakon alherin Allah?" Amsar ita ce "yes". : 71 

'Yan uwan Maria guda uku za su yi iƙirarin cewa ta shiga cikin mu'ujiza a rayuwarsu. Angelo ya ji muryarta tana gaya masa ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. An ruwaito cewa an ba Alessandro kudi ta hanyar mu'ujiza don biyan kuɗin ƙaura don shiga Angelo. Sandrino ya mutu a Amurka a 1917, kuma Angelo ya mutu a Italiya lokacin da ya dawo can a 1964. Mariano ya ce ya ji muryarta tana gaya masa ya zauna a cikin raminsa lokacin da sauran ƙungiyarsa suka shiga cikin cajin da aka yi wa sojojin Austro-Hungary a cikin Isonzo a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. Shi, wanda kawai ya tsira daga wannan cajin, ya rayu har zuwa 1975 kuma yana da babban iyali.

Ana adana gawar Maria a cikin kabari na Passionist Basilica na Nostra Signora delle Grazie e Santa Maria Goretti a Nettuno, kudu da Roma. Sau da yawa ana bayar da rahoton ba daidai ba cewa jikinta ya kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba bayan mutuwarta. Wannan shi ne saboda gawarwakinta suna cikin wani mutum-mutumi na albasa da ke kwance a bayansa a cikin akwati na gilashi kuma an yi kuskuren mutum-mutuni da jikinta.