Maria Rygier
 Maria Rygier | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Kraków (mul)  , 5 ga Faburairu, 1885 |
| ƙasa |
Italiya Kingdom of Italy (en) |
| Harshen uwa | Italiyanci |
| Mutuwa | Roma, 10 ga Faburairu, 1953 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Italiyanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, trade unionist (en) , edita da marubuci |
Maria Rygier (an haife ta a shekara ta 1885 a Kraków, ta mutu a shekara ta 1953 a Rome ) 'yar jarida ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Italiya. A wasu lokutan a rayuwarta ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, mai ra'ayin juyin juya hali, mai adawa da sojoji, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na goyon bayan yaƙi, mai goyon bayan farkon ƙungiyar ' yan gurguzu a Italiya, mai adawa da mulkin kama karya, kuma mai mulkin kama karya .
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rygier ya kasance mai bin Arturo Labriola da kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Italiya. A shekara ta 1907 ta zama edita na jaridar Lotta di classe, wani littafi na juyin juya halin gurguzu. Tare da Filippo Corridoni, ta kuma kafa fayil ɗin Rompete le mai adawa da soja. Ta bayyana ra'ayin cewa ya kamata mata su yi tsayayya da militarism, yayin da suka haifi Sojoji da aka kashe a yaƙi a madadin jihar. A cikin 1908, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku saboda wallafa wani labarin da ya goyi bayan kisan gillar a cikin Rompete le file . [1]
A shekarar 1909, ta fara goyon bayan rashin da'a a Italiya. Ta fara bayar da gudummawa ga La Demolizione na mai ra'ayin gurguzu Ottavio Dinale daga 1907 zuwa 1911. An sake yanke mata hukuncin daurin kurkuku a shekarar 1912 saboda rubuta wani labari don kare wani soja mai ra'ayin gurguzu, Augusto Masetti, wanda ya harbi wani jami'i a lokacin mamayar Italiya a Libya a 1911. [2] Labarin ya bayyana a cikin mujallar 'yan gurguzu da ta yi tare da gyara a Bologna, L'Agitatore.[ana buƙatar hujja][ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]
Duk da cewa ta kasance mai tsananin adawa da sojoji ko a shekarar 1912, shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kasance mai tsananin adawa da sojoji a yakin duniya na daya . A shekarar 1914, ta zama edita a jaridar da Benito Mussolini, Il Popolo d'Italia, ya kafa. Jaridar 'yan gurguzu ta sadaukar da kanta ga goyon bayan yakin neman shiga tsakani da Italiya ta yi a yakin. A matsayinta na mai ra'ayin gurguzu kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyar kwadago, an daure ta na tsawon lokaci a shekarar 1914. Matsayinta na fursunan siyasa da ke fafutukar neman gurguzu ya zama sananne ga masu ra'ayin gurguzu na Italiya-Amurka a lokacin. Leda Rafanelli, mai ra'ayin gurguzu, ta bukaci ma'aikatan Italiya da su bi misalin Rygier. [1]
Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙabilanci, ta gudu zuwa Faransa a shekarar 1926, a lokacin tana adawa da mulkin kama karya na Fascist . A lokacin da take Faransa, Rygier ta buga wani ƙasida mai suka sosai ga Mussolini. An fara rubuta ƙasida mai shafuka 16 da Faransanci. An fassara kuma an buga ƙasida a duk duniya a shekarar 1928, inda ta bayyana yadda Rygier ya gaji da Mussolini, yana zarginsa da zama mai ba da labari, yana shiga cikin cin zarafi, da kuma amfani da dabarun da ke cutar da muradun ƙasar Italiya amma kuma yana da amfani ga abokan hulɗarta na gaba. Ta ƙara zargin Mussolini da son kai na siyasa don cimma muradunsa na kashin kansa, kamar ɗaukar aikin jarida mai riba wanda ke buƙatar sauya yanayin siyasa: