Jump to content

Marion Stokes

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Marion Stokes
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Philadelphia, 25 Nuwamba, 1929
ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa Philadelphia, 14 Disamba 2012
Makwanci West Laurel Hill Cemetery (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (cuta)
Karatu
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a Ma'adani, librarian (en) Fassara da mai tsare-tsaren gidan talabijin
Muhimman ayyuka Marion Stokes' video collection (en) Fassara

Marion Marguerite Stokes (née Butler; an haife ta a watan Nuwamba 25, 1929 - Disamba 14, 2012) ta kasance mai samar da talabijin ta Amurka, 'yar kasuwa, mai saka hannun jari, mai zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama, mai fafutuka, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, kuma mai adana ɗaruruwan dubban sa'o'i na hotunan labarai na talabijin wanda ta kai shekaru 35, daga 1977 har zuwa mutuwarta a 2012, a lokacin da take aiki da kadarori tarawa da raka'a uku. – A cewar The Los Angeles Review of Books review na fim din rikodin fim na 2019, babban aikin Stokes na yin rikodin labaran sa'o'i 24 "yana da matsala mai mahimmanci ga muhimmancin adanawar 'yan tawaye. "[1]

Rayuwa ta farko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Marion Marguerite Butler, daga baya mai suna Marion Marguerites Stokes, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1929 a Germantown, Philadelphia . [2] Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar 'yan mata.[3] Yayinda take budurwa, Stokes ta zama mai aiki a siyasa kuma tana da hannu tare da kungiyoyi masu yawa na hagu. Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka ce ta nemi ta, wacce ta nemi bunkasa ta a matsayin mai yuwuwar jagora.[4] Ta kasance shugabar Philadelphia na Kwamitin Fair Play for Cuba kuma ta shiga cikin Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, ta shirya bas biyar daga Philadelphia don Maris a kan Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci da kuma shiga cikin kokarin kawar da Girard College.

Stokes ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Free Library na Philadelphia kusan kusan shekaru 20. A farkon shekarun 1960 an kore ta, mai yiwuwa saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.

A shekara ta 1960, ta auri malamin Melvin Metelits, wanda shi ma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, kuma suna da ɗa tare da shi.[5] Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya ya sa ido kan Stokes, kuma ita da mijinta da ɗanta sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga Amurka kuma su sauya sheka zuwa Cuba.[6] Sun shafe lokaci a Mexico suna jiran biza ta Cuban, amma ba su iya samun ɗaya ba.[7] Metelits da Stokes sun rabu a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 lokacin da ɗansu yake da shekaru huɗu.

Ta kasance a cikin kwamitin kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa.[8]

Daga 1967 zuwa 1969, Stokes ta hada kai da shirin talabijin na Lahadi da safe a Philadelphia, Input, tare da mijinta John.Ta mayar da hankali kan Adalci na zamantakewa.

Tarin abubuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Talabijin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kira Stokes majagaba da hangen nesa [9] wanda ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa don adana tarihin talabijin. Babban burinta shine "kare gaskiya" daga labarai na karya da kuma barin mutane su tantance kayan da aka adana da gangan.[10] Wasu shirye-shiryen da aka zaɓa da ta rubuta sune The Cosby Show, [9] Kotun saki, Nightline, [11] Star Trek, [12] The Oprah Winfrey Show, [13] da The Today Show [4][14][14]

An shirya tafiye-tafiye na iyali tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta a tsawon tef na VHS. Kowace sa'o'i shida, lokacin da kaset suka ƙare, Stokes da mijinta suna sauya su. Daga baya a rayuwa, lokacin da ba ta da sauri, Stokes ta horar da mataimaki don yin aikin a gare ta.[15] Tarihin ya karu zuwa kusan 71,000 (asalin da aka ruwaito a matsayin 140,000 a cikin kafofin watsa labarai) [15] [16] VHS da Betamax (har zuwa sa'o'i takwas kowannensu) an tara su a gidanta da gidajen da ta hayar kawai don adana su.

Stokes ta fara aikin rikodin saboda ta gamsu cewa akwai cikakkun bayanai a cikin labarai a cikin haɗarin ɓacewa har abada. Ɗanta, Michael Metelits, ya gaya wa WNYC cewa Stokes "ya ba da dabi'un ajiyar ta na halitta ga aikin ƙirƙirar ajiya]. Ta fara yin rikodin labarai ba tare da tsayawa ba a 1979 a lokacin rikicin Iran. [17][the] Wasu daga cikin tarin tef na Stokes sun kunshi ɗaukar hoto na 24/7 na Fox, MSNBC, CNN, C-SPAN, CNBC, da sauran cibiyoyin sadarwa - waɗanda aka rubuta a kan VCR guda takwas a cikin gidanta. Har ila yau an haɗa su da 1984 JVC VHS deck saita rikodin shirye-shirye na yau da kullun daga Boston a cikin tsarin Extended Play na sa'o'i shida.[18] Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Stokes ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2012, yayin da take mutuwa; ya kama ɗaukar hoto game da Kisan kiyashi na Sandy Hook . [19][10]

Tarin Stokes ba shine kawai misali na babban fim na talabijin ba, amma kulawarta wajen adana tarin ba sabon abu ba ne. Sanannun tarin irin wannan sikelin ba a kiyaye su da kyau ba kuma ba su da lokaci da kuma mayar da hankali ga gida.[20]

Kwamfutocin Macintosh

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Stokes ya sayi kwamfutocin Macintosh da yawa.[15] Har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta, 192 daga cikin kwamfutocin sun kasance a hannun ta. Stokes ya ajiye abubuwan da ba a buɗe su ba a cikin garage mai sarrafa yanayi don zuriya. Tarin, wanda aka yi hasashen yana daya daga cikin na karshe na yanayin da ya rage, an sayar da shi a kan eBay ga mai siye marar suna.[21] Stokes ta saka hannun jari a hannun jari na Apple tare da babban birnin daga surukinta yayin da kamfanin ke ci gaba da tasowa. Daga baya, ta karfafa wa surukanta masu arziki su saka hannun jari a cikin Apple, shawarar da suka karɓa kuma suka amfana daga. Stokes daga nan ta ware wani ɓangare na ribar da ta samu ga aikin rikodin ta.[9]

Sauran

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Stokes ya sami jaridu na yau da kullun da 100-150 na kowane wata, wanda aka tattara na rabin karni. [15] Ta kuma tara littattafai 30,000-40,000. Metelits ya gaya wa WNYC cewa a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s iyalin suna yawan zuwa shagunan littattafai don siyan sabbin littattafai masu darajar $ 800.[22] Ta kuma tattara kayan wasa da gidajen yar tsana.

Kyauta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Stokes ta ba da dukan tarin tef ɗin ga ɗanta Michael Metelits, ba tare da wani umarni ba sai dai ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar agaji da ya zaɓa. Bayan la'akari da masu karɓar, Metelits ya ba da tarin ga Intanet Archive shekara guda bayan mutuwar Stokes. Ana buƙatar kwantena huɗu na jigilar kaya don motsa tarin zuwa hedikwatar Intanet Archive a San Francisco, matakin da ya kashe dukiyarta $ 16,000. Ita ce mafi girman tarin da Intanet Archive ta taɓa karɓa. Kungiyar ta amince da yin amfani da kundin, wani tsari da ake sa ran zai gudana gaba ɗaya a kan masu sa kai na yau da kullun, yana biyan dala miliyan 2 kuma yana ɗaukar injunan yin amfani da dijital 20 shekaru da yawa don kammalawa. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2022, aikin har yanzu bai cika ba, a wani bangare saboda rashin kudade. [23] [24][25]

Wani shirin fim game da rayuwarta, Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project, [26] wanda Matt Wolf ya ba da umarni [27] kuma an fara shi a Bikin Tribeca na 2019 . [28][29]

Wani littafi da ke nuna hotuna da Wolf ya tattara daga sama da sa'o'i ɗari bakwai na kaset na Marion, mai taken Input, an buga shi a cikin Fall of 2023.[30]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Tarihin Labaran Talabijin na Vanderbilt
  • Bob Monkhouse § Film and television archive
  • Jerin masu adana bayanai

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ name="LAReview">Hadland, Grace (April 23, 2020). "Marion Stokes and the Power of Guerrilla Archiving". Los Angeles Review of Books (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022. Some might characterize Stokes's activities as hoarding, a compulsive act performed by eccentrics and neurotics unable to let go of things. But others might consider her practice one of radical historiography, Stokes's fundamental project being one of liberation: of truth, of knowledge, and, ultimately, of people.
  2. ↑ name="obit">Clark, Vernon (December 21, 2012). "Obituaries: Marion Stokes, coproducer of TV show". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2019. Marion Marguerite Stokes, 83, a librarian and social justice advocate who was a coproducer of a 1960s Sunday morning TV talk show entitled Input, died of lung disease Friday, Dec. 14, at her home in Rittenhouse Square.
  3. ↑ name=":1">Dixon, Euell A. (2020-02-09). "Marion Marguerite Butler Stokes (1929-2012) •". Black Past (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  4. ↑ name=":2">"Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project | 2019 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  5. ↑ name=":1">Dixon, Euell A. (2020-02-09). "Marion Marguerite Butler Stokes (1929-2012) •". Black Past (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-15.Dixon, Euell A. (February 9, 2020). "Marion Marguerite Butler Stokes (1929-2012) •". Black Past. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  6. ↑ name=":2">"Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project | 2019 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019."Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project | 2019 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  7. ↑ name=":0">"Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project". recorderfilm.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  8. ↑ name=":1">Dixon, Euell A. (2020-02-09). "Marion Marguerite Butler Stokes (1929-2012) •". Black Past (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-15.Dixon, Euell A. (February 9, 2020). "Marion Marguerite Butler Stokes (1929-2012) •". Black Past. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Coleman, Lauren deLisa (May 8, 2019). "How The Data This Woman Stored Could Change Your Life". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Forbes" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project". recorderfilm.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2021."Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project". recorderfilm.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  11. ↑ Ihaza, Jeff (June 19, 2020). "How Marion Stokes, an activist who recorded the news nonstop for decades, can help us understand this moment". Mic. Bustle Digital Group. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020.
  12. ↑ Hoffman, Jordan (April 30, 2019). "One woman's quest to record everything on TV led to her ruin". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Fueling the obsession was a kind of altruism. No one else was collecting the footage — certainly not anyone that can be trusted. Someone had to do something. Marion took on the task for the betterment of society.
  13. ↑ Mosley, Tonya; Hagan, Allison (November 14, 2019). "Here & Now: 'Recorder': Meet The Woman Who Recorded 70,000 Tapes Of American News". WBUR-FM. Boston University. Archived from the original on November 17, 2019.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Phillips, Craig (June 9, 2020). "How Do You Sort Through 70,000 Videotapes?". PBS. PBS. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Kessler, Sarah (November 21, 2013). "The Incredible Story of Marion Stokes, Who Single-Handedly Taped 35 Years of TV News". Fast Company. Archived from the original on September 23, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014. From 1977 to 2012, she recorded 140,000 VHS tapes worth of history. Now the Internet Archive has a plan to make them public and searchable. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fastco" defined multiple times with different content
  16. ↑ Vogt, PJ (March 26, 2014). "The Internet Archive has Started Uploading 71,716 Videotapes Worth of TV News". On the Media. WNYC. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  17. ↑ Bender, Abbey (2019-06-06). "The Woman Who Recorded Decades of TV News on 70,000 VHS Tapes". Hyperallergic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-11-12.
  18. ↑ "Marion Stokes 1984 Project on Internet Archive". Internet Archive.
  19. ↑ Clark, Vernon (December 21, 2012). "Obituaries: Marion Stokes, coproducer of TV show". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2019. Marion Marguerite Stokes, 83, a librarian and social justice advocate who was a coproducer of a 1960s Sunday morning TV talk show entitled Input, died of lung disease Friday, Dec. 14, at her home in Rittenhouse Square.Clark, Vernon (December 21, 2012). "Obituaries: Marion Stokes, coproducer of TV show". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2019. Marion Marguerite Stokes, 83, a librarian and social justice advocate who was a coproducer of a 1960s Sunday morning TV talk show entitled Input, died of lung disease Friday, Dec. 14, at her home in Rittenhouse Square.
  20. ↑ Macdonald, Roger (November 22, 2013). "A Dream to Preserve TV News, on the Road to Realization… with Your Help". Internet Archive Blog. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  21. ↑ Rosen, Adam (March 19, 2014). "Macs in the Box: The Incredible Mac Collection of Marion Stokes. Now For Sale". Cult of Mac. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named onthemedia
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cnn
  24. ↑ Ibrahim, Nur (2022-04-26). "Did Marion Stokes Record the World's Largest Personal Archive of Television?". Snopes (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  25. ↑ Argyle, Samuel (April 30, 2019). "The woman who recorded 70,000 VHS tapes of... news". The Outline (in Turanci). Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  26. ↑ Smith, Imogen Sara (November 26, 2019). "Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project, Shooting the Mafia, and The Irishman". Film Comment. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020. Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project (2019) [is a] portrait of a woman who between 1979 and her death in 2012 obsessively taped TV news twenty-four hours a day, amassing a "secret archive" of 70,000 tapes.
  27. ↑ "Input Book". Matt Wolf (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  28. ↑ "Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project | 2019 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019."Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project | 2019 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  29. ↑ Morgan, David (April 22, 2019). "15 highlights at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival in NYC". CBS News.
  30. ↑ "INPUT". Pre-Echo (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-23.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marion_Stokes&oldid=600016"