Mariya Fortus

Mariya Fortus
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Kherson (en) , 10 ga Yuli, 1900
ƙasa	Kungiyar Sobiyet
Mutuwa	Moscow, 22 ga Faburairu, 1980
Makwanci	Vagankovo Cemetery (en)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Ramon Casanellas i Lluch (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	M.V. Frunze Military Academy (en)
Harsuna	Rashanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	soja, intelligence officer (en) , hafsa da Mayaƙi
Wurin aiki	Kungiyar Sobiyet
Kyaututtuka	gani Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"  (9 Mayu 1945) Order of the Red Banner  (30 Disamba 1956) Order of Lenin  (28 Oktoba 1967) Order of the Red Star  (20 ga Yuni, 1949) Medal "For Battle Merit"  (6 Mayu 1946) Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"  (1 Mayu 1944) Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"  (9 ga Yuni, 1945) Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"  (9 ga Yuni, 1945) Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade"  (9 ga Yuni, 1945) Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" Badge "25 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War" Order of Lenin  (2 Nuwamba, 1937) Order of the Red Banner  (3 ga Janairu, 1937) Order of the Red Star  (9 ga Maris, 1962)
Aikin soja
Digiri	colonel (en)
Ya faɗaci	Eastern Front (en) Russian Civil War (en) Spanish Civil War (en)
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en)

Mariya Aleksandrovna Fortus (Russian; 1900-1980) ta kasance mai fassara da jami'in leken asiri na Soviet. Ta shiga cikin Yaƙin basasar Rasha, Yaƙin basasar Spain, da yakin duniya na biyu .

Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Fortus a shekarar 1900 a Kherson ga dangin wani attajiri Bayahude ma'aikacin banki. Mahaifinta ya bar iyalin a shekarar 1913, inda ya tilasta wa Mariya da 'yar uwarta Adelaida yin aiki. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki yayin da take karatu a wani dakin motsa jiki na yara maza. A shekarar 1916 ta shiga Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Gurguzu, kafin ta bar wa Bolsheviks a shekarar 1917 wanda ta shiga Yaƙin Basasa na Rasha .

Fortus ta auri anarchist na Catalan Ramon Casanellas [es; gl], wadda ta gudu zuwa Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. Fortus da mijinta sun yi lokaci tare a Spain, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar sanin yaren Sifaniya da al'adunta. Wannan sanin ya taimaka mata lokacin da aka naɗa ta a tawagar sojojin Soviet zuwa Spain a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a 1936, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara. Yayin da take aiki a Spain, ta yi amfani da sunan ƙarya Julia Jiménez Cárdenas. Fortus ta zama jami'in leƙen asiri a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . [1] Ta yi aiki a SSR na Ukraine, inda ta horar da wasu jami'an leƙen asiri. Ta kuma shiga cikin ayyuka a Masarautar Romania da Masarautar Hungary . [2] Fortus ta sami Order of Lenin da Order of the Red Flag saboda hidimarta. [3]

Bayan dawowarta Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1945, Fortus ta ci gaba da aikin soja. A shekarar 1955 ta yi ritaya tare da mukamin Kanar . Ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta kare wani rubutu a fannin ilimin zamantakewa . Ta mutu a shekarar 1981.

Kafofin watsa labarai masu alaƙa

A shekarar 1970, an fitar da wani fim mai sassa biyu na baƙar fata da fari mai suna Hail, Mary! wanda ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Fortus, inda jaruma Ada Rogovtseva ta ɗauki nauyin shirya ta.

Ta buga wani littafi a shekarar 1980 mai suna Zápisky rozvědčice, a cikin Turanci Notes of a Detective, inda ta bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a shekarar ƙarshe ta Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a Hungary da ' yantar da Czechoslovakia da shirye-shiryen da ake buƙata don wasu ayyukan.