Mark C. Urban
 Mark C. Urban | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Bath (en)  , 20 century |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Makarantar horar da gandun daji ta Yale (YSE) Muhlenberg College (mul) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
scientist (en) , university teacher (en) da Malami |
| Wurin aiki |
Storrs-Mansfield (mul) |
| Employers |
University of Connecticut (en) |
| hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu… | |
Mark C. Urban masanin ilimin halitta ne kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin muhalli da ilmin juyin halitta a Jami'ar Connecticut . Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin muhalli da juyin halitta waɗanda ke tsara al'ummomin halitta a fadin ma'auni masu yawa.
Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya sami B.S. a kimiyyar muhalli da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Muhlenberg a 1998 (summa cum laude). Ya sami M.E.Sc. daga Makarantar Yale ta Forestry & Environmental Studies a 2001 da Ph.D. a 2006 daga Jami'ar Yale.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya kasance Postdoctoral Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli da Haɗuwa ta Kasa (NCEAS) a Santa Barbara, California daga 2006 zuwa 2008. A shekara ta 2008, Urban ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na sashen ilimin muhalli da juyin halitta a Jami'ar Connecticut a matsayin mataimakin farfesa kuma ya zama cikakken farfesa a shekarar 2019.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya ba da gudummawa ga ilmin halitta ta hanyar ba da shawara don haɗuwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin ilimin muhalli da ilmin halitta na juyin halitta, yana ba da shawarar yaduwar daidaitaccen yanayin microgeographic a cikin yanayi, da kuma nuna haɗarin hanzarta lalacewa daga dumamar duniya.
Halin juyin halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]As a contributor to the subfield of Eco-evolution[1]A matsayinsa na mai ba da gudummawa ga ɓangaren Juyin Halitta na muhalli, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa tsarin al'umma mai tasowa, [2] wanda ke jaddada hulɗar hadin gwiwa tsakanin rarraba jinsuna da daidaitawa na gida a duk faɗin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da warwatsewa a ƙayyade alamu na bambancin a duk faɗar wurare na halitta. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga ra'ayin mallaka na al'umma wanda ya bayyana cewa juyin halitta yana canza taron da kuma tsarin al'ummomi saboda masu mulkin mallaka na farko sun dace da yanayin gida kuma sun shafi ikon jinsunan nan gaba don kafawa[3]
Karkatarwa ta Microgeographic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shi da abokan aikinsa sun bayyana kuma sun ba da shaida ga abin da ake kira karɓar microgeographic, karɓar yawan jama'a a ma'auni mafi kyau fiye da yadda ake tsammani bisa ga ikon warwatsewar su.[4] Ya ba da shawarar cewa daidaitawa na iya faruwa sau da yawa a ma'auni mai kyau saboda baƙi galibi ba sa yin kyau a waje da mahallinsu na gida, don haka yana shafar kwararar kwayar halitta. Sabili da haka, daidaitawar microgeographic na iya shafar alamu na gida na bambancin halittu fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
Canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya ba da gudummawa ga fahimtarmu game da tasirin canjin yanayi akan jinsuna da al'ummomi. Ya bayyana masu yawaitaccen yanayi na canjin yanayi, waɗanda jinsuna ne masu saurin kamuwa da canjin yanayi kuma suna da tasirin da ba daidai ba a kan al'ummomi da yanayin halittu.[5] Wadannan nau'o'in galibi sune manyan masu cin nama, kuma ya kamata su kasance waɗanda za a fara karatu saboda suna iya samun mafi girman tasiri ga wasu nau'o-in. Ya kuma taimaka wajen bunkasa tasirin boxcar, inda jinsuna a yankuna masu sanyi ke hana jinsuna a cikin yankuna masu zafi daga bin diddigin yanayin zafi da suka fi so ta hanyar gasa.[6] Urban ya kuma nuna cewa kawai juyin halitta zai iya kare duk bambancin daga tasirin canjin yanayi.[7] Kwanan nan ya gano cewa hadarin halaka daga dumamar duniya ba kawai yana ƙaruwa tare da yanayin zafi ba, amma a zahiri yana hanzarta.[8] Ayyukansa sun nuna cewa idan muka bi Yanayin canjin yanayi na kasuwanci kamar yadda ya saba, to 1 cikin nau'o'i 6 na iya zama barazanar halaka daga canjin yanayi.[8][9] Ya ba da shawarar cewa har yanzu mun san kadan game da yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar yanayi kuma yana buƙatar sabuntawa don hangowa da matsakaici tasirinsa.[10]
Littattafan da aka zaɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya wallafa labarai sama da 40 na kimiyya (ciki har da biyar a Kimiyya, PNAS, da Canjin Yanayi na Yanayi).
- Urban, M. C. da sauransu. 2016. Inganta hasashen bambancin halittu a ƙarƙashin canjin yanayi. Kimiyya. 353: 1113.[10]
- [Hasiya] Haɗakar da haɗarin halaka daga canjin yanayi. Kimiyya. 348: 571–573.[8][9][11]
- Urban M.C. & Richardson J.L. 2015. Juyin halitta na yawan neman abinci a fadin yankuna da na ƙasa a cikin haɗarin haɗari da gasa. Mai ilimin halitta na Amurka. 186: E16-E32. [12]
- Urban, MC, R. Bürger, da D. I. Bolnick. 2013. Zaɓin asymmetric da juyin halitta na kariya ta musamman. Sadarwar Halitta. 4:1-8.[13]
- Zarnetske, P. L., D. K. Skelly, da M. C. Urban. 2012. Masu yawaitawar sauyin yanayi. Kimiyya. 336:1516-1518.[5]
- An samo asali ne daga M. C. Urban, M. Vellend, C. A. Klausmeier, & N. Loeuille. 2012. Sakamakon juyin halitta na halittu masu yawa ga canjin yanayi. Yanayi Canjin Yanayi. 2(10): 747–751.[7]
- Urban, MC, JJ Tewksbury, da K. S. Sheldon. 2012. A kan hanyar haɗari: gasa da bambance-bambance na warwatse suna haifar da al'ummomin da ba su da alaƙa kuma suna haifar da lalacewa yayin canjin yanayi. Ayyukan Royal Society B. 279:2072-2080. [6]
- [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Halin ganima mai haɗari yana tasowa a wuraren da ke da haɗari. Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Amurka. 104(36): 14377–14382.[14]
- Buckley LB, Urban MC, Angilletta MJ, Crozier LG, Rissler LJ, da Sears MW. 2010. Shin na'urar za ta iya sanar da tsarin rarraba jinsuna? Wasiƙu na Muhalli 13:1041-1054.
Ayyukan da aka fi sani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Urban, M. C. da Linda A. Deegan. Yanayin T-shirt a cikin Arctic. Jaridar New York Times. Fabrairu 5, 2016.
- Urban, M. C. da R. Capers. Canji ya zo, lokaci don jagoranci. Hartford Courant. Disamba 2, 2012.
- [Hasiya] Garin da ya sayar da faɗuwar rana. Kogin Teeth. 5(2): 90–102.[15]
Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Urban ya sami lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta American Society of Naturalists ta 2016 [16] da kuma lambar yabo ta 2008 American Society of Naturists Young Investigator. Ayyukansa na hanzarta haɗarin halaka ga jinsuna daga canjin yanayi an nuna su a matsayin # 15 babban labarin labarai na 2015 ta Discover Magazine.[9] A shekara ta 1997, an zabi Urban a matsayin Masanin Udall daga Gidauniyar Morris K. Udall da Stewart L. Udall . Urban ya kammala summa cum laude tare da girmamawa da girmamawa mafi girma a manyan fannoni biyu a Kwalejin Muhlenberg a shekarar 1998.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Urban, M. C. and D. K. Skelly (2006). "Evolving metacommunities: Toward an evolutionary perspective on metacommunities". Ecology. 87 (7): 1616–1626. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1616:EMTAEP]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16922313. S2CID 21242197.
- ↑ Urban, M. C. and D. K. Skelly (2006). "Evolving metacommunities: Toward an evolutionary perspective on metacommunities". Ecology. 87 (7): 1616–1626. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1616:EMTAEP]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16922313. S2CID 21242197.
- ↑ De Meester, Luc (2016). "Evolving perspectives on monopolization and priority effects". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 31 (2): 136–146. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.009. PMID 26778169.
- ↑ Richardson, Jonathan L. (2014). "Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 29 (3): 165–176. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2014.01.002. PMID 24560373.
- 1 2 Zarnetske, Phoebe L. (2012). "Biotic multipliers of climate change". Science. 336 (6088): 1516–8. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1516Z. doi:10.1126/science.1222732. PMID 22723403. S2CID 44173657.
- 1 2 Urban, Mark C. (2012). "On a collision course: competition and dispersal differences create no-analogue communities and cause extinctions during climate change". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 279 (1735): 2072–80. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2367. PMC 3311897. PMID 22217718.
- 1 2 Norberg, J. (2012). "Eco-evolutionary responses of biodiversity to climate change". Nature Climate Change. 2 (10): 747. doi:10.1038/nclimate1588.
- 1 2 3 Urban, Mark (2015). "Accelerating extinction risk from climate change". Science. 348 (6234): 571–573. Bibcode:2015Sci...348..571U. doi:10.1126/science.aaa4984. PMID 25931559. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- 1 2 3 Little, Jane. "Welcome to the Sixth Mass Extinction". Discover. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- 1 2 Urban, Mark (2016). "Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change". Science. 353 (6304): 1113. doi:10.1126/science.aad8466. PMID 27609898. S2CID 206645186.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Borenstein, Seth. "Study: Global warming to push 1 in 13 species to extinction". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ↑ Urban, Mark; Richardson, Jonathon L. (2015). "The Evolution of foraging rate across local and geographic gradients in predation risk and competition". The American Naturalist. 186 (1): 16–32. doi:10.1086/681716. PMID 26098352. S2CID 16744103.
- ↑ Urban, Mark C. (2013). "Asymmetric selection and the evolution of extraordinary defenses". Nature Communications. 4: 2085. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2085U. doi:10.1038/ncomms3085. PMC 3710097. PMID 23820378.
- ↑ Urban, Mark C. (2007). "Risky prey behavior evolves in risky habitats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 104 (36): 14377–14382. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10414377U. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704645104. PMC 1964820. PMID 17724339.
- ↑ Urban, Mark C. (2004). "The town that sold its sunset". River Teeth. 5 (2): 90. doi:10.1353/rvt.2004.0031. S2CID 161914800.
- ↑ McPeek, Mark. "2016 Presidential Award Winner". American Society of Naturalists. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.