Martha Roby
Martha Kehres Roby ( ROH - / ; née Dubina ; an haife ta a watan Yuli 26, 1976) lauya ce Ba'amurke kuma ƴar siyasa wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka a Alabama's 2nd congressional district daga 2011 zuwa 2021. 'Yar jam'iyyar Republican, ta doke dan takarar Demokradiyyar Amurka Bobby Bright a shekara ta 2010 . [1] A wannan shekarar, Roby da Terri Sewell sun zama mata na farko da aka zaba zuwa Majalisa daga Alabama a zabuka na yau da kullum. A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2019, Roby ta sanar da cewa za ta yi ritaya daga Majalisa a ƙarshen wa'adinta na biyar, wanda ya ƙare a cikin 2021.
Rayuwar farko, ilimi, da aikin shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Martha Dubina a Montgomery, Alabama, ga Joel Dubina, alƙali a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka don zagaye na sha ɗaya . Ta halarci Jami'ar New York, inda ta sami digiri na digiri na kiɗa . Daga nan ta shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Samford Cumberland a Birmingham, Alabama, ta karɓi JD dinta a 2001.
Kafin shiga siyasa, ta yi aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Copeland, Franco.
Majalisar Garin Montgomery
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zabe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An zabi Roby a matsayin dan majalisar birnin Montgomery a shekara ta 2003, inda ya kayar da jimlar 'yan adawa biyar, kuma ya lashe kashi 54.88% na kuri'un da aka kada a gundumarta. [2]
Lokaci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A wa'adinta na farko a kansila, Roby ta bi sahun wasu 'yan majalisa uku sannan kuma magajin gari Bobby Bright wajen adawa da ginin cibiyar kasuwanci a Gabashin Montgomery. Har ila yau, ta yi adawa da mayar da sharar gida, ta goyi bayan karuwar harajin sigari na 10 cent, [ kuma ta yi jayayya don hutun harajin tallace-tallace na jiha.
Majalisar Wakilan Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roby ya kalubalanci dan majalisar dokokin Amurka na jam'iyyar Democrat kuma tsohon magajin garin Montgomery Bobby Bright a gundumar majalisa ta 2 ta Alabama . A zaben fidda gwani na ‘yan takara hudu na jam’iyyar Republican, Roby ya zo na daya da kashi 49% na kuri’un da aka kada, inda ya gaza kaso 50% na kuri’un da ake bukata don lashe zaben da kuma kaucewa zaben fidda gwani. Rick Barber ya zo na biyu da kashi 29% na kuri'un. [3] A zaben fidda gwani, Roby ya doke shi da kashi 60-40%. [4]
Gasar ta 2010 tana ɗaya daga cikin gasa mafi tsada a tarihin gundumar. Roby ta kashe jimillar $1,240,275.64 a zabenta na 2010. Yawancin kudadenta sun fito ne daga gudunmawar mutane masu yawa. Babban mai ba da gudummawarta shine Jim Wilson da Associates, mai haɓaka gidaje na Montgomery, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawar $25,300. [5] Jagoranci PACs ya ba da gudummawar jimillar $106,010. [6]
Roby ya doke Bright da kashi 51 – 49%, sabanin kuri’u 4,780. Roby ya lashe larduna 7 daga cikin gundumomin 16: Autauga, Elmore, Covington, Coffee, Geneva, Dale, da Houston County. Bright ta lashe gundumar Montgomery da kashi 59% na kuri'un. [7]
2012
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin takararta na sake zabar kujerarta, ta sami amincewar 36 magajin gari a Alabama, Alabama Farmers Federation, da Susan B. Anthony List .
Gundumar ta 2 ta dade ta kasance gundumar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma Roby ya yi nasara a karo na biyu, inda ya doke Democrat Therese Ford da kashi 64-36%. Ta lashe kananan hukumomi 11 daga cikin 15 na gundumar. Ta yi asarar gundumar Montgomery ta gida da wani gefe na 53-47%. [8]
2014
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roby ya lashe zaben da kashi 67.34% na kuri'un da aka kada, inda ya doke dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat Erick Wright. [9]
2016
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2016, Roby ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na Republican da kashi 64% na kuri'un. Ta lashe zaben gama gari da kashi 48.8% na kuri'un da aka kada. Dan jam'iyyar Democrat Nathan Mathis ya samu kashi 40.5% na kuri'un da aka kada kuma 'yan takarar da suka rubuta takarda sun samu kashi 10.7% na kuri'un. [10]
2018
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roby ya doke Bobby Bright, wanda ke kan karagar mulki da ta fara kayar da shi a shekara ta 2010 wanda tun daga lokacin ya koma jam'iyyar Republican, a zaben fidda gwani na Republican da kuma zagaye na biyu na zaben. Ta samu kashi 68% na kuri'un da aka kada a zagaye na biyu na zaben. A babban zaben kasar, ta doke 'yar takarar Democrat Tabitha Isner da kashi 61.4% na kuri'un da aka kada.
Ayyukan kwamitin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kan Kudi
- Kwamitin Kayyade Kayan Gida na Amurka akan Kasuwanci, Adalci, da Kimiyya
- Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Kan Gina Sojoji da Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji
- Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kan Ayyuka na Jiha da na Waje
- Kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kan Ma'aikatar Shari'a
- Karamin Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kan Kotuna, Dukiyoyin Hankali da Intanet (Mai daraja)
- Kwamitin Zaɓar Majalisa kan Abubuwan da suka Kewaye Hare-haren Ta'addanci na 2012 a Benghazi (2014-2016)
Lokaci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin Disamba 2011, Roby ya kada kuri'a don goyon bayan HR 10, "Dokokin Daga Gudanarwa a Bukatar Dokar Bincika," wanda zai buƙaci amincewar majalisa ga duk wani "manyan ka'idoji" da reshen zartarwa ya bayar amma, ba kamar Dokar Bita na Majalisa ta 1996 ba, ba zai buƙaci sa hannun shugaban kasa ba ko soke wani abu mai yiwuwa.
Roby ya kada kuri'a a watan Satumba na 2013 don rage dala biliyan 39 daga shirin tambarin abinci. A cikin 2011, kusan gidaje 41,000 a gundumar majalisa ta Roby sun sami tamburan abinci.
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2017, ta kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da wani kuduri da zai umurci majalisar ta bukaci Trump ya biya harajin na tsawon shekaru 10, wanda kwamitin hanyoyin da hanyoyin majalisar zai sake duba shi a wani zama na sirri. A cikin 2017, Roby ya kuma ba da gudummawar daftarin doka don buƙatar cin zarafin jima'i da horar da wariya ga duk membobin House, ma'aikata, ma'aikata da ma'aikatan da ba a biya su ba. Kudirin ya wuce Majalisa. Ba ta goyi bayan ikon 'yan majalisa su yi amfani da dalar haraji don sasanta da'awar cin zarafin mata ba.
A watan Yulin 2019, Roby ta ce za ta yi ritaya daga Majalisa a karshen wa'adin ta. A watan Disambar 2019, Roby ta kada kuri'ar adawa da tsige Donald Trump na farko a matsayinta na kwamitin shari'a na majalisar. A lokacin jefa kuri'a, dan Roby, George, ya zauna a kan cinyarta. Game da tsigewa, Roby ya ce Amurkawa "ya kamata su ji an zamba" kuma jam'iyyar Democrat ta gudanar da "rashin bin gaskiya da rashin cikawa."
Matsayin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Vote Smart, ƙungiyar bincike mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta da ke tattarawa da rarraba bayanai game da 'yan takara na ofishin jama'a a Amurka, "bincike bayanan jama'a na shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisa don sanin yiwuwar amsawar 'yan takara kan wasu muhimman batutuwa." A cewar Vote Smart's 2016 analysis, Roby general supports zubar da ciki ƙuntatawa, adawa da wani samun kudin shiga haraji karuwa, adawa da tarayya ciyarwa a matsayin hanyar inganta tattalin arziki ci gaban, goyon bayan rage haraji a matsayin hanyar inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki, adawa da bukatar jihohi su rungumi tarayya ilimi matsayin, goyon bayan gina Keystone bututu, goyon bayan gwamnati kudi ga ci gaban da makamashin gas na tarayya, adawa da sake sabunta makamashin iskar gas, adawa da gwamnatin tarayya makamashi. dokar kula da bindiga, tana goyan bayan soke Dokar Kulawa mai araha, tana tallafawa buƙatar baƙi waɗanda ke ba da izini ba bisa ka'ida ba don komawa ƙasarsu ta asali kafin su cancanci zama ɗan ƙasa, suna adawa da auren jinsi ɗaya, yana goyan bayan ƙara yawan shigar Amurka a Iraki da Siriya fiye da tallafin iska, kuma yana adawa da barin mutane su karkatar da wani yanki na asusun ajiyar kuɗin Social Security . [11]
Zubar da ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Roby ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai goyon bayan rayuwa ." Tun daga shekarar 2019, Roby yana da 0% kima daga Planned Parenthood . [12]
Ta goyi bayan Gyaran Hyde kuma tana adawa da masu samar da zubar da ciki da samun damar samun kuɗin Title X. Ta na adawa da zubar da ciki na jinsi da jinsi. Ta goyi bayan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na haɗawa da “ɗan adam da aka haifa” a cikin Kwaskwarima na Goma sha huɗu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka tare da daukar nauyin kudirin yin hakan. A cikin 2011, ta sanya hannu kan dokar hana ba da tallafi ga Asusun Kiɗa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Ta dauki nauyin Dokar Tsarkakewar Rayuwar Dan Adam . [13]
Kasafin kudi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin zaben 2010, Roby ya yi alkawarin rage kashe kudade na gwamnati kuma za ta goyi bayan Yarjejeniyar Kasafin Kudi Daidaitacce, goyan bayan veto abu na layi, tallafawa kawo karshen tsarin da aka kebe a halin yanzu, adawa da bailouts na gwamnati da karbe kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da kuma tallafawa bukatun kasafin kudin da za a gabatar don Tsaron Jama'a da Medicare.
Cannabis
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roby yana da darajar "D" daga ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta halatta marijuana ta National Organisation for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) da maki sifili daga cikin shida daga Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Cannabis ta ƙasa game da rikodin jefa ƙuri'arta kan abubuwan da suka shafi cannabis . [14] [15] Roby yana adawa da halatta amfani da tabar wiwi na likita, nishaɗi, da na tsofaffi. Hakanan tana adawa da halasta hemp. [15]
Hakkokin jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun daga 2018, Roby yana da 3% rating daga American Civil Liberties Union da kuma 9% rating daga NAACP game da ta pro-civil rights vote. [16] [17]
Lokacin da gwamnatin Obama ta ba da jagora a cikin 2016 cewa a bar ɗaliban transgender a makarantun gwamnati su zaɓi wuraren banɗaki da za su yi amfani da su, Roby ya ce gwamnatin ta “rasa hankalinsu.” [18] Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya baiwa Roby kima na sifili saboda rashin goyon bayanta ga manufofin haƙƙin LGBTQ. [19]
A lokacin zamanta a majalisar dokokin Alabama, Roby ya ba da shawarar yiwuwar tsige alkalin kotun tarayya Mark Fuller, wanda aka tuhume shi kuma ya amsa laifin cin zarafin mata . Roby ta kada kuri'ar adawa da dokar cin zarafin mata saboda ta ce wasu sassan dokar sun sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Waɗannan ɓangarorin sun haɗa da ikon waɗanda ba ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka ba su gurfanar da ƴan asalin ƙasar a gaban kotun ƙabilanci saboda tuhumar tashin hankali cikin gida. Ta ce "Yana cire damar da za a bi don mutanen da ba dan kabilar ba."
Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2010, ta yi alƙawarin soke Sabis na Harajin Cikin Gida (IRS). Tun daga 2017, Roby yana da ƙimar 0% tare da Tarayyar Amurka, Gundumomi da Ma'aikatan Municipal da ƙimar 10% daga AFL-CIO don rikodin kada kuri'arta na adawa da ma'aikaci. [20] [21] Tana da rating 89% daga Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka don goyon bayanta na manufofin kasuwanci. [22] Ta na adawa da kara wa gwamnatin tarayya karin mafi karancin albashi, tana kuma goyon bayan soke mafi karancin albashin ma’aikata na tarayya, tana mai cewa “Mafi kyawun abin da gwamnatin tarayya za ta iya yi wajen ganin an kara albashi shi ne ta kauce hanya,” tana mai cewa hakan na kawo cikas ga ci gaba.
Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da aka tambaye ta ko akwai ma’aikatar tarayya ko hukumar da za ta iya kawar da ita, sai ta ce za ta soke ma’aikatar ilimi amma ta ajiye tallafin da gwamnatin tarayya ke ba jihohi. Roby yana goyan bayan addu'ar son rai a duk makarantu. [23]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Representative Martha Dubina Roby (R-Alabama, 2nd) - Biography". LegiStorm. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ "Municipal Election Results-2003". Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ "AL District 02 - R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. June 1, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
- ↑ "AL District 2 - R Runoff Race". Our Campaigns. July 13, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
- ↑ "Open Secrets". Retrieved November 21, 2011.
- ↑ name="Alabama 2nd District"
- ↑ "AL - District 02 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 2010.
- ↑ "AL - District 02 Race - Nov 06, 2012". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
- ↑ "Certified General Election Results" (PDF). Alabama Secretary of State. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ↑ "Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2016". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ↑ "Martha Roby's Issue Positions (Political Courage Test)". Vote Smart. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ↑ "Congressional Scorecard". Planned Parenthood Action Fund. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Martha Roby on Abortion". On The Issues. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Alabama Scorecard". NORML. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Congressional Scorecard". The National Cannabis Industry Association. Retrieved January 20, 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Legislative Scorecard 2018". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "How Congress Voted" (PDF). NAACP. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ Koplowitz, Howard (2016-05-14). "'They have lost their minds': Roby, Palmer blast Obama administration over transgender student bathroom guidance". al.com. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
- ↑ "Congressional Scorecard" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "AFSCME 115 Report Card" (PDF). American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Legislator Voting Records". AFL-CIO. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "How They Voted 2018". U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
- ↑ "Martha Roby on Education". On the Issues. Retrieved January 20, 2020.