Martha Washington

Martha Washington
Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka 30 ga Afirilu, 1789 - 4 ga Maris, 1797 - Abigail Adams (mul) →
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Martha Dandridge
Haihuwa	Chestnut Grove (en) , 13 ga Yuni, 1731
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	Mount Vernon (en) , 22 Mayu 1802
Makwanci	Mount Vernon (en) Washington's Tomb (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	John Dandridge
Mahaifiya	Frances Jones
Abokiyar zama	Daniel Parke Custis (mul)  (1750 -  8 ga Yuli, 1757) George Washington (mul)  (6 ga Janairu, 1759 -  14 Disamba 1799)
Yara	view John Parke Custis (en) Daniel Parke Custis, Jr. (en) Frances Custis (mul) Martha Parke Custis (mul)
Ahali	Bartholomew Dandridge (en) , Anna Maria Dandridge Bassett (mul) da Elizabeth Dandridge Aylett Henley (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Madame Grelaud's French School (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Imani
Addini	Anglicanism (en)

Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (2 ga Yuni, 1731 OS - 22 ga Mayu, 1802) ita ce matar George Washington, wanda ya kasance Uba na farko kuma shugaban Amurka na farko. Duk da cewa ba a ƙirƙiro wannan muƙamin ba sai bayan rasuwarta, ta yi aiki a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko a Amurka, inda ta bayyana rawar da matar shugaban ƙasa ke takawa da kuma kafa misalai da dama da matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba suka taka. A lokacin mulkinta, ana kiranta da "Lady Washington". Masana tarihi suna kiran Washington a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a duniya.

Martha Dandridge ta auri Daniel Parke Custis a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1750. [1] [2] Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, ɗaya kawai ya tsira har zuwa lokacin girmanta. [1] Ta yi bazawara a watan Yulin 1757 tana da shekaru 26, ta gaji babban kadarori, kuma ta sake yin aure da George Washington a watan Janairun 1759, ta koma gonarsa, Mount Vernon . Ƙaramar 'yarta ta mutu sakamakon farfadiya a 1773, kuma Washington ba ta iya ɗaukar 'ya'ya nata ba. Washington ta zama alama ta Juyin Juya Halin Amurka bayan an naɗa mijinta babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin nahiyar . A lokacin yaƙin, ta taka rawar uwa, tana ziyartar sansanonin sojoji lokacin da yaƙi ya tsaya a kowace hunturu. Ɗanta ɗaya tilo da ya rage, John Parke Custis, ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a sansani a lokacin yaƙin. Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare a 1783, ta nemi yin ritaya a Mount Vernon, amma ta koma rayuwar jama'a lokacin da mijinta ya zama shugaban Amurka a 1789.

Lady Washington ta ɗauki matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa a zamantakewa ba tare da son rai ba, ta zama shahararriyar ƙasa a cikin wannan tsari. Ta ga wannan rayuwar ba ta da daɗi, tana jin cewa tana da takura kuma tana fatan yin ritaya. Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin tarurrukan zamantakewa na mako-mako, Washington ta fahimci cewa yadda take tsara kanta zai nuna al'ummarta, a cikin gida da kuma ƙasashen waje. Saboda haka, ta daidaita tsakanin mutuncin da ke tattare da matar shugaban ƙasa da kuma tawali'u da ke tattare da gwamnatin jamhuriya . 'Yan Washington sun koma Mount Vernon a shekarar 1797, kuma Washington ta shafe shekarun ritayarta tana gaishe da masu sha'awarta da kuma ba wa magadanta shawara. Ta sake zama bazawara a karo na biyu a shekarar 1799, kuma ta mutu bayan 'yan shekaru a shekarar 1802.

Rayuwar Farko (1731–1748)

Dandridge yana da shekaru takwas

Alamar Makamai ta William Dandridge II

An haifi Martha Dandridge a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1731, a gonar iyayenta ta taba,  : 9 Ita ce babbar ' yar Frances Jones, 'yar siyasa Orlando Jones kuma jikanyar wani shugaban cocin Anglican ,  : 2 da kuma John Dandridge, wani mai shuka a Virginia  : 2 da kuma magatakardar gundumar  : 9 wanda ya yi ƙaura daga Ingila . Tana da 'yan'uwa uku da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu: John (1733–1749), William (1734–1776), Bartholomew (1737–1785), Anna Maria "Fanny" Bassett (1739–1777), Frances Dandridge (1744–1757), Elizabeth Aylett Henley (1749–1800), da Mary Dandridge (1756–1763). A matsayinta na babba cikin takwas, ciki har da 'yar'uwa ɗaya wacce take da shekaru 25 a duniya, Dandridge ta taka rawar uwa da ta gida tun daga farkon rayuwa.  : 10 Dandridge yana iya samun wata 'yar'uwa mace wadda ba ta da aure wadda aka haifa a cikin bauta, Ann Dandridge Costin, da kuma wani ɗan'uwa farar fata, Ralph Dandridge.  : 26–27 

Mahaifin Dandridge yana da alaƙa da masu sarauta na Virginia duk da rashin wadata, kuma an koya mata ta yi hali a matsayin mace mai daraja ta biyu. Dandridge ta sami ilimi mai inganci ga 'yar mai shuka, kodayake har yanzu bai kai na 'yan uwanta ba. Ta fara hawan doki, a wani lokaci tana hawa dokinta sama da ƙasa a kan matattakalar gidan kawunta kuma ta tsere wa hukunci saboda mahaifinta ya yi matukar mamakin ƙwarewarta.  : 8 

Aure da Daniel Parke Custis (174–1757)

A shekara ta 1749, Dandridge ya haɗu da Daniel Parke Custis, ɗan wani attajiri mai shuka a Virginia. Suna son yin aure, amma mahaifin ango na Dandridge, John Custis, ya kasance mai zaɓe sosai game da wacce mace za ta aura cikin dukiyar iyalin. Daga ƙarshe ta sami amincewarsa, kuma Dandridge ya auri Custis, wanda ya girme ta shekaru ashirin, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1750. Bayan sun yi aure, Custis ta ƙaura tare da mijinta zuwa gidansa da ke Fadar White House Plantation a Kogin Pamunkey, inda suka haifi 'ya'ya huɗu: Daniel Jr. (1751–1754), Frances (1753–1757), John (1754–1781), da Martha (1756–1773).  : 4 Daniel Parke Custis yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafiya arziki a yankin Virginia, haka kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bayi, yana da kusan bayi 300.

Martha Dandridge Custis a shekarar 1757: Zane-zanen John Chester Buttre bayan hoton John Wollaston

Custis ta zama bazawara tana da shekaru 26 lokacin da mijinta ya mutu (watakila saboda mummunan kamuwa da makogwaro). Bayan rasuwarsa, Custis ya gaji babban kadarar da ya gada daga mahaifinsa a baya. Ta kuma sami kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kadararsa kai tsaye, kuma sauran kashi biyu bisa uku an ba wa 'ya'yansu biyu ƙanana. Jimillar gadon ya kai kimanin $33,000 ( equivalent to $1,167,043 a shekarar 2025 ), eka 17,000 na ƙasa, da ɗaruruwan bayi.  : 2 Batutuwan shari'a da na kuɗi na gadon sun kawo wa Custis babban nauyi yayin da take renon 'ya'yanta biyu da suka rage kuma tana baƙin cikin rashin mijinta, 'ya'yanta biyu, da mahaifinta.  : 4 An kuma bar mata alhakin kula da gonaki da kuma kula da lafiyar bayi.  : 2 A cewar marubucin tarihin rayuwarta, "ta iya sarrafa gonaki biyar da suka rage mata lokacin da mijinta na farko ya mutu, tana ciniki da 'yan kasuwar London don mafi kyawun farashin taba".

Shekarun farko na auren George Washington (1758-1774)

Zama da aure

Auren Washington da Martha Custis ta Junius Brutus Stears (1849)

A wani labari, Custis ya haɗu da George Washington a lokacin zaman zamantakewa na Williamsburg, kuma sun yi soyayya a cikin watanni masu zuwa a lokacin hutunsa daga aikin soja.  : 4 Wani kuma, Kanar Chamberlayne, wanda ya san juna, ne ya gabatar da su lokacin da suka kwana a gidansa a watan Mayu na shekarar 1758. Sun yi aure a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1759, a gonar Fadar White House .  : 5 

Ma'auratan sun yi bikin amarci a gonar dangin Custis da ke Fadar White House,  : 124 sai kuma ta zauna a Williamsburg inda mijinta ya kasance wakili a Majalisar Burgesses kafin ya kafa gida a gidansa na Mount Vernon .  : 3 A lokacin da aka yi aurensu, tana ɗaya daga cikin zawarawa mafi arziki a Masarautun Goma Sha Uku .  : 27 Aurensu ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin farin ciki tsawon shekaru 40 da suka biyo baya, wani ɓangare saboda irin wannan ra'ayinsu na duniya.  : 4 Aure ne da aka gina bisa girmama juna da kuma halaye iri ɗaya, tare da kiyaye jadawali iri ɗaya a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma fifita iyali da suna fiye da farin ciki da mugunta.  : 11 

Dutsen Vernon

Daga 1759 zuwa 1775, mutanen Washington suna zaune a Dutsen Vernon inda suke kula da gonarsu. Washington tana kula da gida kuma tana karɓar baƙi akai-akai. Tana saka da kula da yin tufafi, kuma ta zama mai hazaka wajen warkar da nama a cikin gidan hayakinsu .  : 3 Washington tana yin nishaɗi kusan kowace rana, tana samun baƙi don cin abincin dare ko kuma don zama na dogon lokaci yayin da iyalin suka fi shahara a cikin siyasa da zamantakewa na Virginia.  : 5 Mijin Washington ya yi amfani da dukiyarta don faɗaɗa gidansu da ke Mount Vernon ya kuma mayar da shi gidan da ya fi riba.  : 3 

'Yan Washington ba su da 'ya'ya tare, amma sun renon 'ya'yan Martha guda biyu da suka rage. Ta kasance mai kare su sosai, musamman bayan 'ya'yanta biyu da suka gabata sun mutu kuma an gano cewa Patsy tana da farfadiya .  : 3 A shekara ta 1773, Patsy ta mutu tana da shekaru 17 a lokacin da take fama da farfadiya . Yaro na ƙarshe da ya rage a Washington, John, ya bar Kwalejin King a lokacin kaka kuma ya auri Eleanor Calvert a watan Fabrairun 1774. Washington sun yi fatan samun ƙarin yara a duk lokacin aurensu, amma ba su iya ɗaukar ciki ba.  : 3–4 

Juyin Juya Halin Amurka (1775–1789)

Juyin juya halin farko

Martha Washington ta Rembrandt Peale, kimanin 1856, bisa ga hoton mahaifinsa, Charles Willson Peale

Rayuwar Washington ta katse yayin da juyin juya halin Amurka ya tsananta a shekarun 1770.  : 4 Duk da cewa an yaɗa jita-jita cewa ita mai biyayya ce, Washington ta ci gaba da raba ra'ayoyin siyasa na mijinta.  : 3–4 Ta goyi bayan rawar da ya taka a cikin ƙungiyar Patriots da kuma aikinsa na haɓaka imaninsa game da manufar. Ta zauna a Dutsen Vernon lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin nahiyar a shekara ta 1775, tana kula da gina sabbin fikafikai a gidansu. Daga nan ta ƙaura zuwa gidan surukinta don kada ta zama abin da ake nema a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka .  : 4 

Juyin juya halin shine karo na farko a aurensu da suka rabu na tsawon lokaci. A kaka ta 1775, Washington ta yi tafiya zuwa Massachusetts don ganawa da mijinta.  : 6 A tafiyarta ta arewa, ta fara samun matsayin shahararriyar jaruma a matsayin matar wani babban janar.  : 6 Ta haɗu da shi a Cambridge, inda shi da sauran jami'an rundunar sojojin nahiyar ke aiki. Yayin da take zama a Cambridge, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai masaukin baki ga baƙin jami'an.  : 4 Tana kuma dinka tufafi ga sojoji yayin da take sansani, tana ƙarfafa matan sauran jami'ai su yi haka, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙirƙirar da'irar dinki wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙin.  : 5 Duk da cewa ta ɓoye shi daga waɗanda ke kewaye da ita, Washington ta tsorata da harbin bindiga da ake ji daga kewayen Boston da ke kusa.  : 4 Ta raka mijinta lokacin da aka mayar da ayyukanta zuwa New York, amma an tura ta zuwa Philadelphia yayin da sojojin Birtaniya ke ƙara kusantowa.  : 5 Kowace bazara, idan rikici ya sake barkewa, sai ta koma Dutsen Vernon.  : 7 

Amurka Mai Zaman Kanta

Juyin Juya Halin Amurka ya ƙara zama abin damuwa ga Martha bayan sanya hannu kan Sanarwar 'Yanci, yayin da George ke fuskantar ƙarin haɗari a fagen daga.  : 5 Kowace lokacin hunturu, Washington ta kan haɗu da mijinta a sansaninsa yayin da yaƙi ke tsayawa. Ingancin gidanta ya bambanta a lokacin waɗannan ziyarar, duka cikin jin daɗi da aminci.  : 5 Janar Gilbert Lafayette ya lura cewa tana ƙaunar "mijinta cikin hauka". Mijinta yana ci gaba da sanar da Washington game da ci gaban yaƙin, wani lokacin yana yi masa ayyukan koyarwa, har ma an ba ta izinin sanin sirrin soja.  : 14 Ta zama alamar yaƙin, tare da George Washington, a matsayin kaka mai kula da sojoji.  : 7 

Sojojin Nahiyar sun zauna a Valley Forge, na uku daga cikin sansanonin hunturu takwas na juyin juya hali, a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1777. Washington ta yi tafiya na tsawon kwanaki 10 da ɗaruruwan mil don ta haɗu da mijinta a Pennsylvania. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, Elizabeth Drinker da abokai uku sun isa Valley Forge don roƙon Janar da ya saki mazajensu daga kurkuku; mazan, dukkansu Quakers, sun ƙi yin rantsuwar aminci ga masu juyin juya halin Amurka. Saboda kwamandan bai samu ba da farko, matan sun ziyarci Martha. Drinker ta bayyana ta daga baya a cikin littafin tarihinta a matsayin "kyakkyawan mace mai son jama'a".

Ɗan Washington, John, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin farar hula ga mahaifinsa a lokacin da aka yi wa Yorktown kawanya a shekarar 1781 lokacin da ya mutu sakamakon "zazzabin sansani", wata alama ce ta kamuwa da cutar typhus . Bayan mutuwarsa, ita da George sun ɗauki ƙananan yara biyu daga cikin 'ya'yan John huɗu, Eleanor (Nelly) Parke Custis da George Washington Parke (Washy) Custis .  : 7 Washingtons sun kuma ba da tallafin kuɗi ga 'ya'yan danginsu da abokansu da yawa.

Ritaya bayan yaƙi

Sojojin Washington sun koma Dutsen Vernon a shekarar 1783.  : 7 Sun zauna a Mount Vernon tsawon yawancin lokacin ƙungiyar Confederation, suna zaune a ritaya tare da ɗan'uwansu, 'yan'uwa mata, da jikoki.  : 6 Washington, wacce yanzu haka take cikin rashin lafiya, ta yi imanin cewa mijinta ya gama da hidimar jama'a.  : 6 Ta shafe lokacinta tana renon jikokinsu, tana ci gaba da damuwa game da lafiyarsu bayan da dukkan 'ya'yanta huɗu da sauran dangi da yawa suka mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya. Ta kuma ci gaba da karɓar baƙi a Mount Vernon, tana ɗaukar 'yan'uwanta mata da dama da sauran 'yan mata matasa don taimaka mata, yayin da gidan ya cika da baƙi.  : 7–8 Rayuwarsu a Dutsen Vernon ta sake katsewa lokacin da aka nemi ya shiga taron kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1787 da kuma lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Amurka na farko a shekarar 1789.  : 7 

Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa ta Amurka (1789–1797)

Kotun Republican, ko kuma, Ranar Liyafar Lady Washington ta Daniel Huntington ( c. 1861 )

Bayan yaƙin, Washington ba ta goyi bayan amincewar mijinta na zama shugaban sabuwar ƙasar Amurka ba. Ba ta tare shi nan take a babban birnin New York ba, sai a watan Mayu na 1789. Tafiyar ta biyo bayan manema labarai, wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a cikin kulawar da ta bai wa mata, kuma an gamu da masu sha'awarta da kuma shagulgula a kowace gari da ta ratsa. A lokacin wannan tafiyar ce ta yi jawabinta na bainar jama'a a matsayinta na uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, tana gode wa waɗanda suka zo ganinta.  : 15 Ta isa cikin jirgin ruwan shugaban ƙasa, tare da rakiyar mijinta, nan take ta tabbatar da matar shugaban a matsayin fitacciyar jama'a.  : 3 Bayan ta isa babban birnin, Washington ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka ta farko, kodayake ba za a yi amfani da kalmar ba sai daga baya. Madadin haka, an kira ta da "Lady Washington".  : 13 

A matsayinta na matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko, yawancin ayyukan Washington sun zama al'ada ga matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba, ciki har da buɗe gidan shugaban ƙasa (daga baya, Fadar White House) ga jama'a a Ranar Sabuwar Shekara, wani aiki da zai ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da Herbert Hoover zai hau mulki. Ta ɗauki nauyin harkokin gwamnati da yawa a Birnin New York da Philadelphia a shekarun da suka yi suna a matsayin manyan biranen wucin gadi.  : 6 Da yake ɗaukar nauyinta a matsayinta na uwar gida da muhimmanci, Washington ta mayar da martani ga kiran kowace mace da ta bar katinta a gidan shugaban ƙasa da aka yi fataucin mutane da yawa don tabbatar da cewa kowa zai iya isa ga shugaban ƙasa, tana yin hakan cikin kwana uku.

Mijinta ya kuma ba Washington aikin ɗaukar nauyin shirya tarurrukan ɗakin zane a ranakun Juma'a inda aka ba wa mata izinin halarta.  : 5 Za ta zauna a lokacin irin waɗannan tarurrukan yayin da shugaban ƙasa ke gaishe da baƙinsu.  : 9 Da farko baƙi ba su da tabbas ko ya kamata su bi al'adar sarauta ta jira mai masaukin baki ta tafi kafin su tafi, kuma ta warware matsalar ta hanyar sanar da cewa mijinta koyaushe zai yi ritaya da tara.  : 6 Ta yi taka-tsantsan a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan don guje wa tattaunawar siyasa, tana ƙarfafa canjin batu idan ya taso.  : 6 Da'irar zamantakewa da ta bunƙasa tsakanin waɗanda ke cikin siyasar Amurka a wannan lokacin ta zama sananne a matsayin Kotun Republican .

Rayuwa ta sirri

Iyalan Washington daga Edward Savage

Gidan shugaban ƙasa na farko gida ne da ke kan titin Cherry, sai kuma wani gida da ke kan Broadway . An mayar da babban birnin zuwa Philadelphia a shekarar 1790, kuma gidan shugaban ƙasa ya sake ƙaura,  : 7 wannan karon zuwa wani gida a kan Titin High Street (yanzu Market Street ).  : 10 Washington ta fi son gidan zama na Philadelphia, domin yana da ƙarin zamantakewa kuma yana kusa da Mount Vernon.  : 8 Tun farkon shugabancin mijinta, ba ta da wata dama ta fita waje, domin duk wani mataki da ta ɗauka zai shafi siyasa.  : 9–10 Bayan ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia, Washingtons sun sassauta iyakokin da suka sanya wa kansu kan ayyukan kansu.  : 11 A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, Washington ta zama kusa da Polly Lear, matar sakataren mijinta Tobias Lear .  : 8 Ta kuma yi alaƙa da Lucy Flucker Knox, matar sakataren yaƙi Henry Knox, da Abigail Adams, matar ta biyu .  : 10 Lokacin da ta yi tare da jikokinta wani babban abin alfahari ne ga Washington, wacce wani lokacin take kai su wuraren nunin kayan tarihi da gidajen tarihi.  : 60 Ta kuma yi amfani da matsayinta na halartar coci akai-akai, saboda imaninta na Episcopal .  : 12 

An tilasta wa Washington ta karɓe iko da gidan shugaban ƙasa jim kaɗan bayan fara shugabancin mijinta, wanda ya hana baƙi shiga, yayin da ake cire masa ƙari. A watan Yulin 1790, mai zane John Trumbull ya bai wa Washington cikakken zane na mijinta a matsayin kyauta. An nuna shi a gidansu da ke Mount Vernon a cikin Sabon Ɗaki. Lokacin da ta ji cewa mijinta zai iya sake zama shugaban ƙasa a karo na biyu, ta yi zanga-zanga ba tare da wata matsala ba game da shawarar. Duk da adawarta, an sake zaɓensa a shekarar 1793, kuma ta amince da ƙarin shekaru huɗu a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa. Matashin Georges Washington de La Fayette ya shiga dangin Washington a shekarar 1795 yayin da mahaifinsa, Gilbert Lafayette, aka tsare shi a matsayin fursunan siyasa a Faransa. Zai zauna tare da Washington har zuwa kaka ta 1797. A shekara ta 1796, baiwar Washington kuma mai yi mata aiki , Oney Judge, ta tsere ta gudu zuwa New Hampshire. Duk da dagewar da Washington ta yi wa mijinta cewa ya kamata a dawo da Alkali kuma ya sake zama baiwar Washington, shugaban bai yi ƙoƙarin neman Alkali ba. Wa'adin Washington a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ya ƙare a shekara ta 1797.

Hoton jama'a

Lady Washington na Charles Willson Peale (ba a san kwanan wata ba)

A matsayinta na matar shugaban gwamnati da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Washington ta fuskanci matsin lamba nan take na wakiltar Amurka. Dole ne ta gabatar da Amurka a matsayin ƙasa mai mutunci don tabbatar da aminci a tsakanin ƙasashen Turai, amma kuma dole ne ta girmama ruhin dimokuraɗiyya ta hanyar ƙin gabatar da kanta a matsayin sarauniya. Ta kuma san cewa matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba za su gaji abin da ta tsara. Washington ta daidaita waɗannan nauyin ta hanyar taka rawar mai masaukin baki a tarurrukan shugaban ƙasa, rawar da za ta zama babban aikin matar shugaban ƙasa. Hakan kuma, ya sanya matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ya zama muhimmin wuri na hulɗa tsakanin shugaban ƙasa da mutane.

Washington ta gabatar da hotonta a matsayin matar aure mai fara'a, amma a ɓoye ta yi korafi game da takunkumin da aka sanya wa rayuwarta. Ta ga cewa bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa abin ban haushi ne kuma na wucin gadi.  : 12 Washington ba ta tsira daga hare-haren siyasa da jaridu mallakar 'yan adawa ke kai wa gwamnatin mijinta ba. Duk da cewa magoya bayan mijinta sun yi murnar rawar da ta taka a zamantakewa, masu adawa da gwamnatin tarayya sun soki ta da cewa tana kwaikwayon sarauta da kuma ƙarfafa masu mulki.  : 29–30 A lokaci guda kuma, wasu masu suka sun zargi ayyukanta na zamantakewa da rashin tsari.  : 19 Abin da ya bata mata rai shi ne, ta ga cewa a kullum tana samun kulawar jama'a, kuma dole ta mayar da hankali sosai kan gashinta da tufafinta kowace rana.  : 9–10 Duk da haka, ta zaɓi yin suturar gida kawai, tana jin cewa ta fi dacewa a jamhuriya.  : 37 

Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya (1797-1802)

Dakunan Washington bayan mutuwar mijinta

Sojojin Washington sun bar babban birnin jim kaɗan bayan rantsar da John Adams, suka yi tafiyar komawa Dutsen Vernon, wanda a lokacin ya fara lalacewa.  : 12 Sun sake yin ritaya, kuma sun yi alƙawarin gyara gidansu da dama.  : 9 A shekarun bayan shugabancin Amurka, 'yan Washington sun sami ƙarin baƙi fiye da kowane lokaci, daga abokai da baƙi. Daga ƙarshe sun ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwan tsohon shugaban, Lawrence Lewis, don yin aiki a matsayin sakatare, kuma daga ƙarshe zai auri jikanyar Washington Nelly.  : 13 

Washington ta ji tsoron cewa za a sake kiran mijinta ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin wucin gadi a kan Faransa, amma babu irin wannan rikici. Mijinta ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar makogwaro mai tsanani a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1799, yana da shekaru 67. A matsayinta na bazawara, Washington ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe tana zaune a cikin wani katanga inda take saka, dinka, da kuma amsa wasiƙu. Duk da cewa Washington ita ce mai mallakar kadarorin mijinta bisa doka, ta ba da iko kan harkokin kasuwancinta ga danginta.  : 9 Ta kuma gaji bayin mijinta bisa sharadin cewa za a 'yantar da su bayan mutuwarta. Saboda tsoron kada waɗannan bayin su cutar da ita, Washington ta 'yantar da su. Ba ta da ikon 'yantar da bayinta masu dower, kuma Washington ta zaɓi kada ta 'yantar da bawa ɗaya tilo, Elish, wanda ita da kanta ta mallaka.

Kabarin George Washington (dama) da Martha Washington (hagu)

Washington ta ci gaba da sha'awar shugabancin ƙasa bayan ta hau kan kujerar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, wanda hakan ya fara da al'adar ba wa magadanta shawara.  : 124 Iyalan Washington sun daɗe ba sa son Thomas Jefferson da siyasar Jefferson, wani ɓangare saboda rawar da ya taka wajen sukar gwamnatin Washington.  : 11 Washington ta yi fushi lokacin da Jefferson ya zama shugaban ƙasa, domin ta ji cewa bai ba wa ofishin girmamawa yadda ya kamata ba.  : 8 

Lafiyar Washington, wacce a koyaushe take cikin mawuyacin hali, ta ragu bayan mutuwar mijinta. Ta yi tsammanin mutuwarta tun daga lokacin mijinta. Lokacin da ta kamu da zazzabi a 1802, Washington ta ƙone duk wasiƙun mijinta zuwa gare ta, ta kira wani limami don ya yi mata addu'a ta ƙarshe, sannan ta zaɓi rigar jana'izarta.  : 8 Shekaru biyu da rabi bayan mutuwar mijinta, Washington ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1802, tana da shekaru 70. Bayan rasuwarta, an binne gawar Washington a cikin kabarin dangin Washington na asali a Mount Vernon. A shekara ta 1831, masu aikin George da suka tsira sun cire gawarwakin Washington daga tsohon kabarin zuwa wani gini makamancin haka a cikin kabarin da ke Mount Vernon a yanzu.

Gado

Kamar yadda mijinta ya kafa misali ga shugabancin ƙasa, Washington ta kafa abin da zai zama matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa daga ƙarshe. Ta shahara a fannoni na bikin shugaban ƙasa, tana taimaka wa mijinta a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa, amma ba ta da hannu sosai a cikin ayyukansa na gudanarwa a matsayin shugaban gwamnati. Wannan zai zama mizanin matan shugaban ƙasa na ƙarni mai zuwa. An san Washington da tawali'u da kuma halinta mai sauƙin kai, har ta kai ga abokan zamanta sukan yi mamaki idan suka haɗu da ita.  : 3 Babu wani bayanan sirri na Washington da ya wanzu tun kafin mutuwar mijinta na farko, kuma ta lalata wasiƙu da yawa da ta rubuta tun daga lokacin. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa da suka karɓi wasiƙunta sun ajiye su, kuma an adana waɗannan wasiƙun a cikin taskar bayanai kamar a Mount Vernon da Virginia Historical Society. An buga tarin waɗannan wasiƙun da dama.  : 14 

Daraja

Tambarin Martha Washington na 1902

A lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali, ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin sojoji a Valley Forge ta sanya wa kanta suna "Mai Rawanin Lady Washington" don girmama ta.  : 14 An kafa Kwalejin Mata ta Martha Washington a Abingdon, Virginia a shekarar 1860. An haɗa ta da Kwalejin Emory & Henry a shekarar 1918, kuma an mayar da babban ginin Kwalejin Martha Washington zuwa Martha Washington Inn . An buɗe Makarantar Martha Washington, makarantar kammala karatun mata matasa a Washington, DC, a shekarar 1905, kuma ta daina aiki a shekarar 1949.

An fitar da tambarin aika wasiku wanda ke ɗauke da Martha Washington, tambarin farko da aka yi don girmama wata mace 'yar Amurka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin tambarin 1902. An buga tambarin 8-cent, da tawada mai launin shuɗi. An fitar da tambarin na biyu don girmama ta, tambarin 4-cent da aka buga da tawada mai launin rawaya-kasa, a shekarar 1923. A

Kimantawar tarihi

Tun daga shekarar 1982, Cibiyar Bincike ta Kwalejin Siena ta gudanar da bincike lokaci-lokaci tana neman masana tarihi su tantance matan shugabannin Amurka bisa ga jimillar maki da aka tattara kan ka'idojin da suka shafi asalinsu, darajarsu ga ƙasa, hankali, jarumtaka, nasarorin da suka samu, mutunci, shugabanci, kasancewarsu mata, mutuncin jama'a, da kuma darajar shugaban ƙasa. A ko da yaushe, masana tarihi sun sanya Washington a cikin jerin mata na sama a cikin waɗannan binciken. Dangane da kimantawa ta jimilla, an sanya Washington a cikin jerin:

• Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 42 a shekarar 1982
• Na 12-mafi kyau daga cikin 37 a shekarar 1993
• Na 13-mafi kyau daga cikin 38 a shekarar 2003
• Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 38 a shekarar 2008
• Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 39 a shekarar 2014
• Mafi kyawun maki 10 cikin 40 a shekarar 2020

A cikin binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Siena ta 2008, Washington ta kasance ta 3 a cikin mafi girman matsayi a cikin ma'aunin martabar jama'a. A cikin binciken 2014, Washington da mijinta sun kasance na 2 a cikin mafi girman ma'aurata 39 na farko dangane da kasancewa "ma'aurata masu ƙarfi".

Duba kuma

• Samuel Osgood House — First Presidential Mansion
• Alexander Macomb House — Second Presidential Mansion
• President's House (Philadelphia) — Third Presidential Mansion
• Dandridge, Tennessee — the only town in the United States named after Martha Dandridge Washington

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

  

• Wasikun Martha Washington . Aikin haɗin gwiwa na Mount Vernon na George Washington da Cibiyar Tarihi da Sabbin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai.
• Martha Washington a Fadar White House (tarihin rayuwa)
• An adana Deprecated link Martha Washington Archived 2012-06-30 at Archive.today da aka cire daga a ɗakin karatu na mata na shugabanni na ƙasa (tarihin rayuwa)
• Martha Washington (Mount Vernon na George Washington)
• Martha Washington a taron matan farko na C-SPAN : Tasiri da Hoto

Lakabi na girmamawa
New title	First Lady of the United States	Magaji {{{after}}}