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Mary Dingman

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Mary Dingman
Rayuwa
Cikakken sunaMary Agnes Dingman
HaihuwaNewark (mul) Fassara, 9 ga Afirilu, 1875
ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
MutuwaBerea (en) Fassara, 21 ga Maris, 1961
Ƴan uwa
AhaliHelen Dingman (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Karatu
MakarantaNorthfield Mount Hermon School (en) Fassara
Teachers College (mul) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'asocial activist (en) Fassara, pacifist (en) Fassara da peace activist (en) Fassara
EmployersYoung Women’s Christian Association (en) Fassara
Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Mary Dingman (Afrilu 9, 1875 - Maris 21, 1961) yar gwagwarmaya ce ta zamantakewa da zaman lafiya ta Amurka, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Kungiyar Matasa ta Kirista (YWCA) don haɓaka shirye-shirye don inganta yanayin aiki na mata da yara a cikin ma'aikata. Ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin duniya, tun daga 1917, ta shirya shirye-shirye a Amurka, Turai, da Asiya. A shekara ta 1931, ta shiga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar tabbatar da zaman lafiya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin zaman lafiya da kwance damara na ƙungiyoyin mata na duniya na tsawon shekaru goma. Da take mai da hankali kan bukatar hadin gwiwar duniya, ta matsa kaimi wajen tabbatar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta zama wakiliya a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na farko. An dauke ta aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan jin dadin yara daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 1948 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1954.

Rayuwar farko

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An haifi Mary Agnes Dingman a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1875 [ Bayanan kula 1 ] a Newark, New Jersey zuwa Nettie Clyde (née Beveridge) da James Alva Dingman. [1] [2] Ita ce ɗan fari a cikin babban iyali wanda ya ƙaura zuwa ƙauyen Spring Valley, New York, kafin ranar haihuwarta ta biyar. Mahaifinta, wanda ya fito daga Kanada likita ne [1] [3] [4] da kuma Methodist mai ibada, wanda ya karfafa 'ya'yansa zuwa hidimar jin kai, yana ƙarfafa Dingman da kanwarta, Helen, a cikin ayyukansu. [5] [6] Dingman dalibi ne a Seminary Northfield a Northfield, Massachusetts, kuma bayan kammala karatunsa a 1895, ya shiga makarantar al'ada a New Paltz, New York . Ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa a 1899, ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia, inda ta sami digiri na farko a 1910. [1]

Sana'a

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Bayan kammala karatunta, Dingman ta koma Wellesley, Massachusetts, inda ta yi aiki a Makarantar Dana Hall, a matsayin malamin tattalin arziki da tarihi daga 1910 zuwa 1914. [1] A cikin 1914, YWCA Amurka ta hayar ta don daidaita shirye-shiryen taimako ga Sashen Masana'antu, wanda ke taimaka wa mata masu aiki a masana'antu. [5] A shekara ta 1917, an zaɓe ta don zuwa Faransa don taimaka wa bincike da ƙirƙira wani shiri don magance matsalolin mata masu aiki a masana'antar harhada magunguna. [1] Yayin da matan da suka kunshi 'yan gudun hijira, Sashen Yakin Faransa ke ba su abinci da wurin kwana, amma ba su da wani amfani. Dingman ya kafa Foyers des Allies guda goma sha biyar, ko cibiyoyin zamantakewa, don samarwa mata ma'aikata littattafai, kayan rubutu da kuma yanki na gama gari wanda za su yi hulɗa a lokacin da ba sa aiki. [7] A ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Dingman ya zama alhakin kafa ƙungiyoyin YWCA a duk Belgium da Faransa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta kafa ƙungiyoyi a wurare sama da ashirin. [1] An ba ta lambar yabo ta Adolphe Max Bourgmestre de Bruxelles ta Belgium kuma a cikin 1919 gwamnatin Faransa ta karrama ta tare da Jeanne D'Arc Liberatrice du Territoire da La Victoire Restaure le Droit plaques don hidimarta. [1] [8]

A cikin 1921, Dingman ya koma London kuma ya zama Babban Sakataren Masana'antu na Duniya YWCA . [5] A shekara ta 1923, ta tafi kasar Sin don kafa ka'idoji na yankin gabas mai nisa kuma ta zauna a can tsawon shekaru biyu. [1] Ta sami yanayi a cikin masana'antar masaku irin waɗanda suka wanzu a Ingila a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, tare da ƙarancin albashi, yanayin rashin tsaro, da ma'aikata waɗanda mata da yara suka mamaye. Tare da yin aiki tare da ƙungiyar mata da majalisar gudanarwar birnin Shanghai, an tsara dokoki don sauya dokokin aiki da ake da su, amma ba a amince da su ba saboda rikici tsakanin Kuomintang da hukumomin farar hula. [1] [9] A cikin 1930, lokacin da YWCA ta Duniya ta ƙaura zuwa Geneva, Dingman ya koma Switzerland kuma a shekara mai zuwa ya fara aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin zaman lafiya. [1] A tsawon shekaru goma sha hudu ta na matsayin Sakatariya, ta yi balaguro zuwa kasashe fiye da arba'in a duk fadin Australia da New Zealand, Gabashin Asiya da Turai, inda ta samar da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga mata ma'aikatan masana'antu. Ta kuma horar da ma'aikatan YWCA don sa ido kan ayyukan, wadanda aka kirkira bayan nazarin ka'idojin aiki da matakan tsaro na kowace ƙasa. [1] [5]

YWCA ta Duniya, ta ba da sarari a hedkwatarta na Geneva ga sabuwar ƙungiyar laima da aka kafa, Kwamitin Aminci da Kare Makamai na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya (PDCWIO) a 1931 kuma ta ba da taimakon malamai ga kwamitin ta hanyar Evelyn Beresford Fox. Fox za ta zama abokin aikin Dingman, da kuma abokiyar rayuwarta. [5] An zabi Dingman ya jagoranci PCDWIO kuma ya wakilci kungiyar a taron kwance damara na duniya da aka gudanar a 1932. A 1935, an sake zaɓe ta a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma ta yi murabus tare da YWCA. [2] [1] Ta yi magana a Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya a shekara ta 1936 kuma ta yi balaguro sosai a matsayin mai koyarwa a kan kwance damara. [1] A cikin Disamba 1939, an kama ta a Italiya kuma an tsare ta ba tare da tuhuma ba na tsawon sa'o'i ashirin da hudu yayin da jami'an Amurka suka nemi a sake ta. [10]

Tare da barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, Dingman ya koma Amurka a 1939, yana zaune a Berea, Kentucky, kusa da 'yan uwanta Helen [11] [12] da Jeanette, mahaifiyar wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a nan gaba, John B. Fenn . [13] [14] [15] Ta bar shugabancin PDWIO, ko da yake ta ci gaba da yin lacca da yawon shakatawa, tana magana game da zaman lafiya da inganta dangantakar kasa da kasa [1] a madadin YWCA. [11] [16] Tun daga 1944, ta yi aiki don kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, [17] bayan da ta ba da shawarar wata ƙungiya ta duniya don maye gurbin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa tun 1941. [12] A matsayinta na ma’aikaciyar fage na Kwamitin Ayyuka na Mata don Nasara da Zaman Lafiya Mai Dorewa, ta yi lacca don wayar da kan jama’a ga kungiyar da bayar da shawarwari ga izinin majalisa. [1] [18] Ta halarci taron farko na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1946 kuma a 1948 an nada ta mai ba da shawara ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don yin aiki a madadin Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Jin Dadin Yara . [1] Ta yi aiki da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya har zuwa 1954, lokacin da ta yi ritaya a hukumance. [17]

Mutuwa da gado

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Dingman ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1961, a Berea, Kentucky. [1] [17] Takardun ta sun samar da tarin yawa a cikin dakin karatu na Schlesinger na Cibiyar Radcliffe a Jami'ar Harvard . [8]

Duba kuma

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  • Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya

Bayanan kula

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Manazarta

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ambato

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Hannan 2008.
  2. 1 2 The Quad-City Times 1936.
  3. ↑ U. S. Census 1880.
  4. ↑ U. S. Census 1900.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Everard & de Haan 2016.
  6. ↑ Rice & Tedesco 2015.
  7. ↑ Moriarty 1918.
  8. 1 2 Schlesinger Library 1961.
  9. ↑ The Honolulu Advertiser 1925.
  10. ↑ Wilson 1940.
  11. 1 2 The Courier-Journal 1941.
  12. 1 2 Scott 1941.
  13. ↑ The Courier-Journal 1944.
  14. ↑ The Courier-Journal 1978.
  15. ↑ The Courier-Journal 2002.
  16. ↑ The Pittsburgh Press 1942.
  17. 1 2 3 The Tampa Tribune 1961.
  18. ↑ The Gazette and Daily 1945.
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