Mary Richardson
 Mary Richardson | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Ingila, 1889 |
| ƙasa |
Birtaniya Kanada |
| Mutuwa |
Hastings (mul)  , 7 Nuwamba, 1961 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, suffragette (en) da suffragist (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Mamba |
Women's Social and Political Union (en) |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
British Union of Fascists (en) |
Mary Raleigh Richardson (1882/3- 7 Nuwamba Shekara ta 1961) yar Kanada ce mai fafutukar neman zaɓen mata a Burtaniya, ɗan kone-kone, ɗan takarar majalisar gurguzu kuma daga baya shugabar sashin mata na Ƙungiyar Fascist ta Burtaniya (BUF) karkashin jagorancin Sir Oswald Mosley.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ta girma a Belleville, Ontario, Kanada. A shekarar ta 1898, ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris da Italiya. Ta zauna a Bloomsbury, London, Ingila, kuma ta shaida Black Friday a London a shekarar 1910.
Richardson ya wallafa wani labari, Matilda da Marcus (1915), da kundin wakoki guda uku, Waƙoƙin Alama (1916), Waƙoƙin Ƙaunar daji (1917), da Cornish Headlands (1920). [1]
Ayyukan mayaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon karni na 20, Ƙungiyoyin zaɓen Birtaniyya, waɗanda ke cike da takaicin gaza cimma daidaiton yancin zaɓe ga mata, sun fara ɗaukar dabarun tsageru. Musamman ma, Ƙungiyar Mata ta zamantakewa da Siyasa (WSPU), karkashin jagorancin Emmeline Pankhurst, akai-akai amincewa da amfani da lalata dukiya don jawo hankali ga batun zaben mata. Richardson ya kasance mai goyon bayan Pankhurst kuma memba na WSPU. Richardson ya shiga Helen Craggs a shagon 'Yan Jarida na Mata kuma ya gaya mata game da cin zarafi daga maza (maganganun batsa) da abokan ciniki suna yayyaga kayan. [1]
Richardson ya ce yana wurin tseren dawakai na Epsom a ranar Derby, 4 ga Yuni 1913, lokacin da Emily Davison ta jefa kanta a gaban dokin Sarki. Emily Davison ta mutu a Asibitin Epsom Cottage; an ce Mary Richardson ta fuskanci farmaki daga wata gungun jama'a masu fusata, amma wani ma’aikacin jirgin ƙasa ya ba ta mafaka a tashar Epsom Downs.[2][3]
Ta aikata ayyukan kone-kone da dama, da fasa gilasai a ofishin gida da kuma jefa bam a tashar jirgin kasa. An kama ta sau tara, inda aka daure ta a gidan yari sama da shekaru uku. [3]
Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da aka tilasta musu abinci don fama da yunwa, sannan aka sake su don murmurewa kuma a sake kama su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Cat da Mouse ta 1913, Fursunonin (Fitarwa na ɗan lokaci don Rashin Lafiya) Dokar 1913, tana yin hukunci a gidan kurkukun HM Holloway . [1] An ba Richardson Medal Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' ta WSPU, kuma yana alfahari da samun ƙarin sanduna don yajin aiki fiye da kowa. [4]
Bayan daya daga cikin yunwar ta ta kama Richardson ya murmure a gidan Lillian Dove-Willcox a cikin kwarin Wye. Ta kasance mai sadaukarwa ga Dove-Willcox kuma ta rubuta waƙar The Translation of the Love I Bear Lillian Dove . [5]
Lalacewar Rokeby Venus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 10 ga Maris 1914 Richardson ya shiga Gidan Gallery na Ƙasa a Landan don kai hari ga wani zane na Velázquez, Rokeby Venus, ta hanyar amfani da chopper da ta shiga cikin gallery. [7] Ta rubuta taƙaitaccen bayani da ke bayyana ayyukanta ga WSPU wanda manema labarai suka buga: [8]
""Na yi ƙoƙarin lalata hoton mafi kyawun mace a tarihin tatsuniya a matsayin wata hanyar yin zanga-zanga kan yadda Gwamnati ke lalata Mrs. Pankhurst, wacce ita ce mafi kyawun hali a tarihin zamani. Adalci wani ɓangare ne na kyau kamar yadda launi da fasali suke kan zane. Mrs. Pankhurst tana neman tabbatar da adalci ga mata, amma saboda wannan an dinga kashe ta a hankali ta hannun wata Gwamnati ta ’yan siyasar Iscariot. Idan mutane sun yi ihu kan abin da na aikata, to, kowa ya tuna cewa irin wannan ihu ba komai ba ne face munafunci, muddin har suna yarda da hallaka Mrs. Pankhurst da sauran mata kyawawa masu rai. Har sai al'umma sun daina amincewa da lalata rayukan mutane, kowace dutse da aka jefa a kaina saboda lalata wannan hoto, shaida ce a kansu na munafuncin fasaha, da na ɗabi’a, da kuma na siyasa."
Memba na Tarayyar Fascist na Burtaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1932, bayan da aka kafa imanin cewa farkisanci shine "hanyar kawai ta zuwa 'Babban Biritaniya'," Richardson ya shiga kungiyar Fascists ta Burtaniya (BUF), karkashin jagorancin Sir Oswald Mosley . Ta yi iƙirarin cewa "Na fara sha'awar Blackshirts ne saboda na ga ƙarfin hali, aiki, aminci, baiwar hidima da iya yin hidima wanda na sani a cikin yunƙurin neman zaɓe". [3] Richardson ya tashi da sauri ta cikin BUF kuma a shekara ta 1934 ya kasance Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Sashen Mata na Jam'iyyar. Ta tafi ne a cikin shekaru biyu bayan ta yanke kauna da gaskiyar manufofinta akan mata. [9]
Wasu fitattun jagororin zaɓe guda biyu don samun babban mukami a BUF sune Norah Elam [10] da Kwamanda Mary Sophia Allen . [11]
Daga baya rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1930, ta ɗauki ɗan ƙaramin yaro, mai suna Roger Robert, wanda ta ba wa sunanta.
Richardson ya buga tarihin rayuwarsa, Laugh a Defiance, a cikin 1953. Ta mutu a gidanta a Hastings a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1961. [1]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kamfen na jefa bama-bamai da kone-kone
- Jerin sunayen masu zaɓe da masu zaɓe
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]ambato
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Kean 2009.
- ↑ "Hastings Press". Archived from the original on 18 February 2012.
- 1 2 3 Gottlieb 2003.
- ↑ "MARY RALEIGH RICHARDSON The suffragette arsonist who slashed the Rokeby Venus, by Helena Wojtczak (book announcement, 2024)". THE HASTINGS PRESS. Retrieved Nov 12, 2023.
- ↑ "Suffrage Stories: What Links Charles Dickens, The Rokeby Venus And The Number 38 Bus?". womanandhersphere.com. 2014-06-23.
- ↑ Potterton 1977.
- ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - Woman's Hour - Women's History Timeline: 1910 - 1919". www.bbc.co.uk.
- ↑ Gamboni 2013.
- ↑ McCouat 2016.
- ↑ McPherson & McPherson 2010.
- ↑ Boyd 2013.
Tush
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kara karantawa
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