Maryamu Ƙarami
 Maryamu Ƙarami | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 875 (Gregorian) |
| ƙasa | Daular Rumawa |
| Mutuwa | 902 (Gregorian) |
| Sana'a | |
Saint Mary the Younger (Girkanci: Μαρία ή Νέα, don rarrabe ta daga Saint Mary na Masar; 875 - 16 Fabrairu 902) ta kasance mai tsarki na Byzantine na asalin Armeniya, 'yar wani dan Armenia mai daraja. Wasu bayanai game da rayuwarta, gami da bin ta bayan tsakiyar karni na 10, ba a san su da tabbas ba; rubutun da ke tattare da wasu nasarorin da ta fi sani da shi an rubuta shi ne bayan 1025. An ba da shawarar cewa Rayuwar Maryamu wani abu ne na Gregory na Nyssa's Life of Macrina .
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iyalinta sun samo asali ne daga Babban Armeniya, inda mahaifinta yake cikin manyan mutanen yankin. Sun zauna a Constantinople, wataƙila a farkon mulkin Basil I ɗan Macedonian (r. 867–886), wanda ya kira mahaifinta tare da sauran manyan Armeniya don shiga hidimarsa.[1] An haifi Maria a shekara ta 875, wataƙila a Constantinople, jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar mahaifinta. Tana da manyan 'yan'uwa huɗu, 'yan'uwa biyu da 'yan'uwa mata biyu; na biyun sun riga sun yi aure, wanda ke nuna cewa Maria ta rasu a hannun iyayenta.[1] Mahaifiyarta ce ta rene ta, kuma da zarar ta girma (kimanin 888), ta auri 'yan tawaye Nikephoros, wanda ya san surukinta Bardas Bratzes. Nikephoros ya shahara a yaƙin 894–896 da Bulgaria, kuma an ba shi lada da naɗa shi (mai yiwuwa a matsayin kwamanda) a cikin rukunin (tourma) na Bizye.[1]
Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu: Orestes, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta , wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru biyar; Bardanes, wanda aka kafa bayan mutuwar Orestes, wacce shi kansa ya mutu a shekara ta ; da tagwayen Baanes da Stephen, waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 897 da 900, wanda Baaners ya zama soja kuma Stephen ya zama ɗan majami'a, a ƙarƙashin sunan Symeon .[1] Kusan 900 'yan uwan mijinta, Helena da Alexios, sun zarge ta da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma hulɗa da bawan su Demetrios. Maryamu ta musanta waɗannan zarge-zargen, amma Nikephoros ya sanya mai tsaro a ɗakinta kuma ya azabtar da baiwarta, Agathe, don yin tambayoyi. Ya kuma cire kula da kudaden gida daga Maryamu kuma ya ba da shi ga mai kula da gidan Drosos da wata mace, tare da umarni don kada a ba Maryamu kuɗi. Wannan na ƙarshe ya damu sosai game da yadda mijinta ya bi mata, har ta kamu da ciwon ciki.[1]
A cikin 902, bisa ga tarihinta, ta nuna rashin amincewarta cewa mijinta, tare da 'yan uwansa da bayinsa, ba su kiyaye azumi na Lent ba. An ba da rashin amincewarta ga Nikephoros a cikin tsari mai yawa, bisa ga abin da ta yi iƙirarin cewa shi ba Kirista ne na ainihi ba, amma shaidan ne. Cikin fushi, ya cire Maryamu daga gado kuma ya buge ta har sai wani ya shiga tsakani. Yayin da ta yi ƙoƙarin tserewa, sai ta bugi kanta. Ta mutu bayan kwana goma, a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, mai yiwuwa daga wannan raunin kai.[1] Bishop na Bizye ne ya jagoranci jana'izarta, kuma kusan dukkanin mutanen garin ne suka halarta, wadanda suka bi jana'izar zuwa babban coci na yankin, inda aka binne ta.[1] Ta bayyana bayan mutuwarta a cikin mafarkai na mutane da yawa kuma ta yi mu'ujizai ta hanyar warkar da marasa lafiya da kuma kai farmaki ga sojoji masu mamayewa. Kodayake ya kasance mai kawo rigima da farko, mijinta ya gina mata babban coci don ya ajiye gawar ta, wanda ya zama wurin aikin hajji ga mutane da yawa a yankin da suka ji labarin mu'ujizai. Mu'ujizai da iyawarta na hghangen nesa sun karfafa matsayinta a matsayin mai albarka. A cikin 927, ɗanta Stephen ya sami gawar ta, wanda aka kiyaye ta hanyar mu'ujiza har zuwa wannan lokacin, an cire shi daga akwatin katako kuma an sanya shi a cikin sarcophagus na marmara na mahaifinsa, wanda gawarsa a gefe guda ya ruɓe kuma an sake binne shi a waje da cocin.[1]
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maryamu ƙarami alama ce ta kyawawan halaye. An bayyana ta a matsayin mai jinƙai, tana da alamar ƙaunar Allah, kuma tana da babban kame kai. Har ila yau, tana da ayyuka a matsayin mace da uwa, yayin da take da kyakkyawar aminci ga Allah.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin halaye masu mahimmanci na Maryamu ƙarami shine cewa tana da sadaka sosai. Za ta aika da kuɗi ga mai karɓar haraji wanda ya sauƙaƙa hukunci ga waɗanda aka ɗaure saboda rashin iya biyan diokete- wanda harajin haraji ne na jama'a don tsabtace gida. Bugu da kari, ta nemi zinariya don taimakawa mutanen da ke fama da wahala, da kuma kare gwauraye da marayu.[1] Daga hangen nesa na addini, Maryamu ƙarami ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin bangaskiyarta ga Allah, har ma a lokutan gwagwarmaya. Alal misali, bayan ɗanta Orestes ya mutu, ta yaba wa Ubangiji cikin gaskiya don barin ta fuskanci wannan. Daga hangen nesa na jinsi, gaskiyar cewa tana da matsayin "Auren" ba muhimmiyar matsala ce ga waɗanda ke sha'awarta ba.[1] A lokaci guda, Maryamu ƙarami an raina ta kuma an raina ta, musamman daga maza a manyan wurare masu iko. Ɗaya daga cikin mazajen da suka raina ta shine Bishop na Bizye, wanda bai yi imani da cewa mace da ta mutu a cikin aure ba za ta iya yin mu'ujizai kamar yadda namiji zai iya.[2]
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masanin kimiyya Linda Hutcheon ya ba da shawarar cewa Rayuwar Maryamu da ba a san ta ba ta hanyar Gregory na Nyssa's Life of Macrina ne .