Masarautar Kano

Masarautar Kano
geographical feature (en) da Masarautar
Bayanai
Farawa	999
Ƙasa	Najeriya
Office held by head of government (en)	Emir of Kano (en)
Wuri
12°00′N 8°31′E

The Ancient Kano City Walls

Masarautar Kano Masarautar Hausa ce da ke tsakiyar Birnin Kano a arewacin Najeriya na zamani wanda aka kafa a kusa da 1000 AZ, kuma ya jimre har zuwa nasarar da aka samu a lokacin jihadi na Usman dan Fodio a cikin shekara ta 1805. Bayan wannan, an maye gurbin daular ta da Fulani wanda ke ƙarƙashin Khalifancin Sokoto, kuma mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a yau a matsayin Majalisar Masarautar Kano, mulkin mallaka a Najeriya.

Yanayin jiki

Kano tana arewacin Jos Plateau, wanda ke cikin yankin Savanna na Sudan wanda ya shimfiɗa a kudancin Sahel. Birnin yana cen kusa da inda kogin Kano da Challawa da ke gudana daga kudu maso yamma suka haɗu don samar da Kogin Hadejia, wanda daga ƙarshe ya shiga cikin Tafkin Chadi zuwa gabas. A al'ada, aikin gona ya dogara ne akan ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa ga ƙananan filayen ƙasa tare da tashoshin kogi a lokacin fari, wanda aka sani da tsarin Shadouf. A lokacin da masarautar ke bunƙasa, murfin itace zai kasance mafi girma kuma ƙasa ba ta lalace fiye da yadda take a yau.

Tarihi

Tarihi

Dutsen Dala

Saninmu game da tarihin farko na Kano ya fito ne daga Tarihin Kano, tarin al'adun baki da wasu tsofaffin takardu da aka tsara a ƙarshen karni na 19, da kuma binciken archaeology da aka gudanar kwanan nan. Yankin ya kasance mazaunin sarakuna daban-daban, wato Sheme, Dala, da Santolo. An ce Dala tana da sarakuna shida kafin zuwan Bagauda.

A cikin karni na 7, Dala Hill shine shafin yanar gizon da ke aiki da ƙarfe. Ba a san ko waɗannan mutanen Hausa ne ko masu magana da yarukan Nijar-Congo ba. Wasu kafofin sun ce su masu farauta ne da ke magana da harshen Hausa da aka sani da AbaGaya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Gaya. Har yanzu akwai ma'aikata a Kano a yau waɗanda ke kiran kansu Abagayawa kuma suna da'awar zuriya daga mazaunan farko na Kano. :: 184  Abagayawa kuma sun yi aikin fasaha na magani, giya, harbi, drumming, ministersly da rawa. : 96 : 96 

Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Larabawa al-Yaqubi, a rubuce a cikin 872/873 AZ (AH 259), ya bayyana masarautar da ake kira "HBShH" tare da birni mai suna "ThBYR" wanda sarki mai suna "MRH" ke mulki (babu ɗayan waɗannan kalmomi da aka yi amfani da su, don haka ainihin furcin su na iya bambanta), wanda ke tsakanin Nijar Bend da Masarautar Kanem . Idan an bayyana sunan masarautar a matsayin "Habasha" zai dace da wasu matani na harshen Larabci waɗanda suka bayyana suna nufin Hausa, kuma zai zama farkon ambaton yankin Hausa.

An san Kano da farko da suna Dala, bayan tudun, kuma an kira shi kamar haka a ƙarshen karni na 15 da farkon karni na 16 ta hanyar Bornoan. An sanya sunan tudun ne bayan wani mutum wanda ya gina gida a kansa. Ya zauna a can tare da matansa da 'ya'yansa. Ɗansa na fari shi ne kakan Barbushe, sanannen babban firist na Dala. Barbushe babban mafarauci ne wanda 'ya kwashe giwaye da sandarsa kuma ya ɗauke su a kan kansa kusan kilomita tara.' Shi ne babban firist na Tsumburbura, allahn Kano. : Elizabeth Isichei ta lura cewa bayanin Barbushe yayi kama da na Mutanen Sao.

Zuwan Bagauda da kafa Kano

A kusan karni na 10 ne wasu kungiyoyin bakin haure suka isa Kano, daya daga cikinsu karkashin jagorancin wani mutum mai suna Bagauda . An ce shi zuriyar fitaccen Bayajidda ne na Daura . Da farko ya sauka a Garazawa, wata gunduma tsakanin Jakara da Damagaram . Sannan ya karbe ikon Sheme (kimanin 64 km arewa-maso-yammacin Kunchi ) bayan cin nasara akan masu mulki a shekara ta 999 miladiyya kuma yayi sarauta a matsayin Sarkin Kano na farko ("Sarkin Kano") har zuwa 1063 miladiyya. An yi masa laqabi da Yakano, wanda daga cikinsa aka ce sunan masarauta ya fito.  : 185  : 22  Kamar yadda littafin tarihin Kano ya nuna, Bagauda ya iso tare da Buram, Isa, Baba, Kududdufi, Akasa, "da sauran sarakunan Kano" wadanda dukkansu 'yan kabilar Daura ne. Ana adana sunayen a matsayin sunayen sarakuna har yau. Wasu daga cikin wadannan laƙabi sun haɗa da: Dan Buram, Dan Isa, Dan Baba, Dan Akasan, Dan Kududdufi, Dan Darman, da Dan Goriba .

Jikan Bagauda Gijimasu (a shekara ta 1095 zuwa shekarar 1134), sarki na uku, ya kafa wani yanki a gindin Dala Hill wanda zai zama Kano. :: 271  Ya fara gina Ganuwar birni a kusa da ƙauyen, kuma ɗan Gijimasu, Tsaraki (a shekara ta 1136 zuwa shekarar 1194), sarki na biyar, ya kammala su a lokacin mulkinsa. Daular Bagauda ta ci gaba da fadada masarautar ta hanyar cin nasarar al'ummomin da ke kusa. Sun kafa masu mulki da yawa, tare da lakabi da suka fara da "Dan", wanda mafi mahimmanci shine Dan Iya. A shekara ta 1200, Kano ta fadada mulkinta a kan dukkan shugabannin da ke yankin ban da Santolo.

Gabatar da Musulunci

Sarautar Yaji I (a shekarar ta 1349 da 85) ta ga gabatar da Islama ga Kano ta Wangara. Jaridar Kano ta ce Yaji ta yarda da Islama kuma ta amince da gina Masallaci da kuma nada wasu Wangara zuwa mukamai na Addini.  Sarautarsa ta ga kammala mulkin Kano na siyasar da ke kewaye da shi, gami da cin nasarar Zamnagaba da kuma mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu. Tare da taimakon Wangara, Yaji ya ci Santolo kuma ya lalata cibiyar addini ta birnin, mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan addini na gargajiya. Yaji ya ci gaba da yin kamfen a kudu a kan Kwararafa, duk da haka ba tare da kammala ba yayin da suka biya haraji a cikin bayi amma sun ki yin alkawarin biyayya. Tarihin Kano ya nuna wadannan rikice-rikice tsakanin Musulmi masu mulki da talakawa da ke bin addinan gargajiya (watau addinin Tsumbubura), duk da haka masana suna la'akari da wannan a matsayin sake fassara daga baya.

Kanajeji, ɗan Yaji, ya yi mulki daga (1390-1410), kuma Tarihin Kano ya bayyana shi a matsayin "farin". : Ya ci gaba da manufofin fadada, kuma ya mallaki Zazzau, ya kashe sarkinsa a yaƙi. A lokacin mulkin Dauda (a shekara ta 1421 da 38) wani yarima na Bornu ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kano tare da mallam da yawa, mai yiwuwa ya kawo ra'ayoyin gudanarwa yayin da lakabi galadima, chiroma, da kaigama suka fara amfani da su.