Masarautar Kebbi

Masarautar Kebbi
masarautar gargajiya a Najeriya
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Najeriya
Wuri
12°44′N 4°31′E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Najeriya
Jiha	Kebbi

Masarautar Kebbi, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Masarautar Argungu, masarauta ce ta gargajiya wadda ta dogara da garin Argungu a cikin jihar Kebbi Najeriya. Magaji ne ga tsohuwar Daular Hausa ta kebbi. Masarautar tana daya daga cikin manyan masarautu hudu a cikin Jihar Kebbi, sauran kuma su ne Masarautar Gwandu, Masarautar Yawuri da Masarautar Zuru.

Wuri

Masarautar Kebbi tana Arewa Maso Yamma na Jihar Kebbi ta zamani. A lokutan baya sun fadada Kudu da asalin Babban Birninta na Birnin Kebbi, wanda yanzu shi ne babban birnin masarautar Gwandu da kuma ita kanta jihar Kebbi. Yankin shimfidar wuri yawanci Savanna ne na Sudanian, a bude dazuzzuka tare da kuma bishiyoyi warwatse. Yankin ya hade da gangaren kogin Rima, wadanda suke cika ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Akwai rani tsakanin watan Mayu da watan Satumba, tare da dan ruwan sama a ragowar shekarar. Ruwan sama na shekara yana nufin 800mm. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi kusan 26 ° C, jere daga 21 ° C a cikin hunturu zuwa 40 ° C tsakanin watan Afrilu da watan Yuni. Birnin Kebbi yana da koshin lafiya ta hanyar Kebbawa, ƙaramin rukuni na kasar Hausa.

Tarihi

Asali

A al'adance ana daukar Kebbi mallakar Banza bakwai na kasar hausa. Dangane da labarin da aka sani a kasar Hausa, masarautar Kebbi na daya daga cikin Banza Bakwai ("ban iska bakwai") ko "haramtattun" jihohi bakwai. Shugabanni na wadannan jihohi da aka kamata ya gano su jinsi zuwa wani kwarkwarar na Hausa kafa uba, Bayajidda, Saboda haka da gida na kai lokaci Banza ( "shege").

Nassoshin tarihi na farko sun kasance zuwa lokacin da yankin ya kasance karkashin mulkin Songhay a lokacin mulkin Sunni Ali (1464–1492). Kanta Kotal, wani Ba’amurke ne dan ci-rani daga Kuyambana a Kudancin Katsina ya zama a zahiri gwamnan soja na yankin Songhay da ke lardin Kebbi, kuma ya ayyana ‘yancin kai a 1516. A wannan lokacin Surame, wanda kuma har yanzu manyan ganuwar ke rayuwa, shi ne babban birnin masarautar.

Birnin kebbi ya zama babban mai iko a yankin, inda ya bijire wa hare-haren Songhay, ya fadada zuwa kasashen Yauri da Nupe zuwa kudu sannan ya kayar da yunkurin masarautar Bornu na mamayewa da mamayar jihohin Hausa. Koyaya, bayan mutuwar kanta a shekara ta 1556 sai jihohin Hausawa suka daina ba da tallafi, kuma dansa kuma magajinsa Ahmadu bai yi yunkurin tilasta batun ba. A karshen karni na goma sha shida Kebbi ta zama karamar masarauta.

Gwagwarmaya da Jihadin Fulani

A lokacin jihadin Fulani, a shekarar 1808 Abdullahi dan Fodio (c. 1766-1828), kanin Shaihu Usman dan Fodio, ya yi nasara a kan sojojin Kebbi. Ya zama mai mulkin masarautar Gwandu, wadda ta mamaye Arewa Maso Gabas na Khalifancin Sakkwato. An kori Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi daga babban birninsa kuma an maye gurbinsa da wani mai tsana, Usman Masa. Duk da haka, Kebbawa sun cigaba da turjiya, kuma Abdullahi bai sami ikon kammala yakin ba. Muhammadu Hodi ya yi yaki a kwarin Zamfara, da wanda ya gaje shi Karari a Argungu da Zazzagawa. Bayan rasuwar Karari a 1831, dansa Yakubu Nabame ya mika wuya, kuma ya yi shekaru 16 yana gudun hijira a Sakkwato har sai da Sultan Aliyu Babba ya ba shi damar komawa Argungu a matsayin mai kula da Halifanci.

A shekarar 1849 Yakubu ya yi mubaya'a ya kuma ayyana kansa a matsayin Sarkin Kebbi. Bayan fadace-fadace na gani-gani, gami da wani lokaci da sojojin Sakkwato suka yi wa Argungu kawanya, Sultan Aliyu na Sakkwato ya amince da 'yancin Masarautar Kebbi da ke Argungu. Yanzu haka Kebbi ta kulla kawance tsakanin Sakkwato da Gwandu, kuma Yakin yake-yake ya cigaba har tsawon shekaru hamsin masu zuwa. A cikin 1859 dan'uwan Yakubu kuma magajinsa Yusufu Mainasara an kashe shi a cikin yaki a busasshiyar magudanan ruwa na Kogin Rima . A 1860 aka kashe Sarkin Gwandu, Haliru a yaƙi a Karakara. A 1867 Fulanin sun amince da 'yancin kan Kebbi a cikin yarjejeniya. A shekarar 1875 yaki ya sake barkewa yayin da mutanen Fanna da ke kasan Rima suka yanke shawarar canza aminci ga Gwandu. Sarkin Kebbi Sama'ila ya sami nasarori da dama a kan Gwandu tsakanin 1883 da 1903, tare da wasu tsauraran matakai, har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa mulkin mallakar Burtaniya na Arewacin Najeriya a karshe ya kawo karshen yakin.

Mulkin mallaka

A ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1890 turawan Ingila da Faransa suka kulla wata yarjejeniya ta raba Afirka ta Yamma tsakanin kasashen biyu masu mulkin mallaka. A karkashin wannan yarjejeniyar, Biritaniya za ta mallaki dukkan yankuna har zuwa na Khalifanci na Sakkwato, yayin da Faransawa za su ci gaba da mallakar yankunan zuwa arewa. Ba a nemi shawarar mutanen yankin ba. An bawa Bafaranshe Parfait-Louis Monteil ragamar balaguro don gano iyakokin arewacin halifancin Sokoto. Da ya isa Argungu a lokacin rani na 1891, ya gano cewa masarautar ta kasance mai zaman kanta daga Sakkwato, duk da cewa za a fatattake ta daga Sakkwato a watan Maris na 1892 kuma a tilasta ta sake zama kasa mai mulkin mallaka. Monteil ya kuma sami karamin shaidar kasancewar kamfanin na Royal Royal Niger da ke da'awar a yankin, ban da wasu rumbunan kasuwanci a Gwandu.

Lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka ji labarin Monteil, sannan kuma suka ji cewa Faransawa sun daga tutarsu a Argungu, sai suka tura sojoji zuwa Argungu a shekarar 1898, inda ba su sami Faransawa ba. Birtaniyyawan sun kafa runduna ta dindindin a Argungu a cikin 1902 don ba da kariya ga ayarin Faransawan da ke ratsa yankin na Birtaniyya ta hanyar yarjejeniya, sannan kuma don kare hukumar iyaka da ke iyakance iyaka tsakanin bangarorin Faransa da Ingila. Da jin labarin cewa Sarkin Musulmi yana tattara rundunoninsa, an tura wannan runduna da sauran su zuwa Sokoto inda bayan wasu fadan sun sami babbar nasara. Sarkin Sama ya yi wa Burtaniya maraba saboda dalilai na siyasa, tunda a karkashin tsarin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya ya sami damar dawowa da karfafa ikonsa.

Zuwa shekara ta 1908, ba a tambayi ikon Burtaniya ba. A wata durbar da aka gudanar a shekara ta 1908 ga gwamnan mulkin mallaka Frederick Lugard, sarakunan Kebbi da Gwandu da Sarkin Musulmi sun fito kwansu da kwarkwata, tare da nuna mahaya da rakuma dubu goma sha biyar. Sarakunan sun ba Lugard ponies goma sha shida a matsayin haraji, kuma suka yi masa sujada. Birtaniyyawan sun kafa tsari inda aka baiwa masarautu babbar ikon gudanarwa bisa jagorancin Shugabannin Gundumomi. Ba a nemi layin Argungu ba. Sauro ba su da kyau sosai don haka dole DO ta kwana cikin kebabbiyar keji.

Masarautar a yau

Bikin Kamun Kifi

Bikin Kifi na Argungu na shekara-shekara yana daga cikin manyan al'adun gargajiya a arewacin Najeriya. Bikin na da dadadden tarihi. An fara shi ne lokacin da mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmi, Hassan Dan Mu'azu, ya ziyarci Masarautar Argungu a shekarar 1934, kuma an gudanar da shi ne don nuna karfin Kabawa da Sarki Muhammed Sama. Har zuwa shekarun 1960 bikin ya kasance na gari ne, amma a shekarar 1972 ya samu halartar Shugaban kasar Najeriya, Janar Yakubu Gowon da takwaransa na Nijar, Hamani Diori . Saboda dalilai na siyasa, bikin ya rasa goyon baya kuma babu wani biki da aka shirya daga shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2004. Bikin yanzu ya sake farfadowa kuma ya zama babban wurin jan hankalin 'yan yawon bude ido.

Zuwa shekara ta 2009, bikin sake bikin Argungu na Duniya da Al'adu ya hada da wata babbar durbar tare da dawakai 500 da mahayansu, da rakuma 120 da mahayansu, wadanda ke dauke da tutar masarautar Argungu tare da mahalarta daga sauran kabilu da yawa. Babban kifi ya kai nauyin 55 Kg, kuma an bayar da kyaututtukan wannan kamun ludayin a wani bikin da Shugaba Umaru Musa Yar'adua ya halarta, matar sa, gwamnoni shida da sarakunan gargajiya da yawa. Bikin na shekarar 2009 ya kuma hada da wasannin ruwa, gasar harbi da kibiya da kuma gasa cata, taron gangamin mota, wasan kwaikwayon da kungiyoyin raye-raye suka yi daga kasashen Nijar, Mali, Chadi da Benin, wasan kokawa da dambe, da kuma baje kolin kayan gona. Mahimmancin bikin ga tattalin arziki ya sa gwamnati ta adana kifin ta hanyar hana amfani da gidan sauro da raga.

Shirin ban ruwa

An kuma yi tunanin aikin Zauro polder a cikin shekara ta 1969 kuma an daɗe da jinkiri, amma da alama za a fara shi a cikin shekara ta 2009. Aikin zai yi ban ruwa mai girman hekta 10,572 a cikin kogin Rima tsakanin Argungu da Birnin Kebbi . Amfanin gona zai hada da shinkafa, masara, alkama, sha'ir da kayan lambu kamar su kunun aya, albasa, tumatir, dankali mai dankali da dankalin Irish. Madatsar ruwan kuma za ta amfani masana'antar kamun kifi, mai mahimmanci a cikin jihar. Aikin ya yi allawarin fa'idodi masu yawa amma yana da sabani, tunda zai canza fasalin amfani da kasa, sanya wasu al'ummomin cikin muhalli da ambaliya a wurin bikin kamun kifin na shekara shekara. An yi wa Sarkin Argungu jifa a cikin zanga-zangar adawa da aikin.

Gidan kayan gargajiya

A watan Yunin shekara ta 2009 Masarautar Argungu ta gabatar da wata shawara ga Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Tarihi da Tarihi don ba wa Surame mai tarihi jerin kayan tarihin Duniya. Surame shi ne babban birni na Masarautar Kebbi, wanda Mohammadu Kanta Kotal ya kafa. Sanata Umaru Abubakar Argungu ya kuma nemi taimako don sanya Gidan Tarihi na Kanta ba wai kawai abin tarihi ba har ma da kayan tarihin al'adu na jerin abubuwan tarihi na Duniya. Ginin gidan kayan tarihin, kusa da babbar kasuwa an gina shi ne a shekara ta 1831 wanda Yakubu Nabame ya gina kuma ya kasance a matsayin fadar Sarki har zuwa shekara ta 1942, lokacin da Turawan ingila suka gina sabuwar fadar mulki a lokacin mulkin Muhammed Sani. A ranar 1 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1958, aka bude shi a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ke ba da damar fahimtar tarihin rayuwar jihar Kebbi. Gidan kayan tarihin yana da tarin makamai, wadanda suka hada da layu, mashi, takuba, itace, duwatsu, bakuna da kibiyoyi, bindigogin cikin gida har ma da ganguna da ake nunawa. Gidan kayan tarihin sanannen wuri ne da ake binne matattun sarakunan karamar hukumar.

Sarakuna

Sarakunan masarautar Hausawa kafin a sanya su a cikin Khalifanci na Sakkwato sune kamar haka:

Babbar masarautar hausa da tayi dogaro da Surame da Birnin kebbi

No.	Suna	Fara mulki	Gama mulki
1	Muhammadu Kantu Kotal	1516	1561
2	Ahmadu I	1561	1596
3	Dawuda	1596	1619
4	Ibrahimu I	1619	1621
5	Suleimanu I	1621	1636
6	Muhammadu	1636	1649
7	Maliki dan Ibrahimu	1649	1662
8	Umarau Ciwa	1662	1674
9	Muhammadu Kaye	1674	1676
10	Ibrahimu II	1676	1684
11	Muhammadu na Sifawa	1684	1686
12	Ahmadu dan Amaru	1686	1696
13	Tomo	1696	1700
14	Muhammadu dan Giwa	1700	1717
15	Samaila	1717	1750
16	Muhammadu dan Tagande	1750	1754
17	Abdullahi Toga	1754	1775
18	Suleimanu II	1775	1803
19	Abubakar Ukar	1803
20	Muhammadu Fodi	1803	1826
21	Samaila II	1826	1827

Rulers of the Hausa Emirate established at Argungu:

Hausa successor state based on Argungu

No.	Name	Reign start	Reign end
21	Samaila (or Karari)	1827	1831
22	Yakubu Nabame (in exile from 1831 to 1849)	1831	1854
23	Yusufu Mainasara	1854	1859
24	Muhammadu Ba Are	1859	1860
25	Abdullahi Toga	1860	1883
26	Samaila II (or Sama)	1883	September 1915
27	Suleimana	1915	1920
28	Muhammadu Sama	1920	1934
29	Muhammadu Sani	1934	1942
30	Samaila III	1942	1953
31	Muhammadu Shefe	1953	October 1959
32	Muhammadu Mera	1959	1996
33	Samaila IV	1996	Incumbent

Kasar da ta gaji kasar Hausa bisa dogaro da Argungu

Sarakunan Masarautar Hausawa da aka kafa a Argungu sune kamar haka:

Fara	Endarshe	Sarauta
1849	1854	Yaqubu Nabame dan Ismaila (a. 1854)
1854	1859	Yusufu Maynassara dan Ismaila (a. 1859)
1859	1860	Muhammadu Baare dan Yaqubu Nabame (a. 1860)
1860	1883	Abd Allahi Toga dan Ismaila (d. 1883)
1883	Satumba 1915	Sama'ila dan Yaqubu Nabame (b. 1839 - d. 1915)
1915	1920	Sulemana dan Yaqubu Nabame (a. 1920)
1920	1934	Muhammadu Sama dan Ismaila (d. 1934)
1934	1942	Muhammadu Sani Muza dan Muhammadu Sama (d. 1942)
1942	1953	Muhammadu Ismaila dan Mudi (a. 1953)
1953	Oktoba 1959	Muhammadu Shefe dan Muhammadu Sama
Janairu 1960	1996	Muhammadu Mera Musa dan Muhammadu Sani (b. 1931)
1996		Sama'ila Mohammadu Mera

Bibliography

• Harris, PG: Jaridar lardin Sokoto, Sokoto 1938 [Cyclostyled].
• Hogben, SJ da AHM Kirk-Greene : Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya, Landan 1966.
• Johnston, YA, Daular Fulani ta Sakkwato, Oxford 1967 (shafi na. 187–195).