Massabalala Yengwa
 Massabalala Yengwa | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 5 Disamba 1923 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 21 ga Yuli, 1987 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Natal |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mai aikin fassara, lauya da anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka |
Massabalala Bonnie "MB" Yengwa (an haife shi 5 Disamba 1923-21 Yuli 1987) [1] lauya ne ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata kuma Sakataren Lardin Natal na Ƙungiyar Matasan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANCYL).
Iyali da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Yengwa a shekara ta 1923 kusa da Mapumulo a cikin Kwa-Zulu Natal. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin Zulu ne,[2] wanda ya shiga cikin Tawayen Bambatha na shekarar 1906 kuma an ɗaure shi a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na African National Congress (ANC) na shekarar 1919. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Richmond kuma daga shekarun 1945 ya yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Natal.[2]
Ya auri Edith Minah Sibisi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 1957 a Maqumbi.
Gwagwarmaya a Afirka ta Kudu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yengwa ya zama mai fafutuka a gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC, ya zama sakataren lardi na ANCYL.[3] A shekara ta 1951, an zaɓe shi a matsayin kwamitin zartarwa na lardin Natal na ANC. Ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1960.[2] Ya kasance na kusa da Albert John Luthuli kuma yana cikin ruƙuni, ciki har da Herbert Isaac Ernest Dhlomo da Jordan Ngubane, waɗanda suka taka rawa wajen zaɓen Luthuli a matsayin shugaban ANC.[4] Daga baya Yengwa ya zama sakataren Luthuli,[5] daga baya ya yi tafiya tare da shi da matarsa zuwa Oslo, Norway, lokacin da Luthuli ya sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 1961.[6]
A cikin shekarar 1952, an naɗa Yengwa a matsayin Babban Jami'in Sa-kai kuma a matsayin sakatare na haɗin gwiwa, tare da Marimuthu Pragalathan Naicker, na Majalisar Haɗin gwiwar Aiki a Natal don Kamfen ɗin Defiance na Majalisar Indiya ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAIC).[7] An ɗaure shi na tsawon makonni biyu saboda ayyukansa a matsayin mai adawa. [8] Daga bisani ya halarci taron Queenstown na ANC, inda ya haɗu da fara haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan gwagwarmaya Oliver Tambo da Nelson Mandela.[7] Gwamnati ta dakatar da Yengwa a watan Mayu 1953, ta hana shi halartar duk wani taron siyasa ko na jama'a ko barin Durban.[2][9] A shekarar 1955, an kore shi zuwa Mapumulo na tsawon shekaru biyu. [2]
An tuhume shi tare da wasu masu fafutuka 155 a 1956 Treason Trials,[10] amma an wanke shi kuma an sake shi bayan shekara guda.[8] An kira shi zuwa Pretoria da ya bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shaidun kariya ga waɗanda ake tuhuma da cin amanar ƙasa a watan Satumba na shekarar 1960, [8] [10] inda ya sake nanata amsa ga tambayoyi da yawa cewa ANC ta bi manufar rashin tashin hankali don cimma manufofinsu na siyasa. An sake kama shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma an tsare shi a gidan yari. Yengwa ya yi watanni 18 a gidan yari, kuma lokacin da aka sake shi, an tsare shi a gidan na sa’o’i 24 a Maqombi a Mapumulo, ya kasa fita ko aiki.[11]
'Yan gudun hijira a Swaziland da Ingila
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1966, Yengwa ya gudu zuwa Swaziland,[11][12] sai matarsa Edith da 'ya'yansu, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya.[2] A shekara ta 1969, bayan matsin lamba daga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu a kan Swaziland, Yengwa da iyalinsa aka kora kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya a matsayin ’yan gudun hijira.[13] Ya halarci taron ‘yan adawa a gudun hijira.[14]
Bayan mutuwar Albert Luthuli a shekarar 1967, daga London Yengwa ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da Luthuli Memorial Foundation (LMF), tare da 'yar gwagwarmayar Amurka Mary Louise Hooper da matar Luthuli Nokukhanya Bhengu.[2][2][15]
A Ingila ya kuma fassara ayyuka daga Zulu zuwa Turanci (tare da wasu fassararsa da aka yi a cikin tarin ɗakin karatu na Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka (SOAS), Jami'ar London) kuma ya ba da laccoci kan kiɗan Zulu da waƙoƙin yabo.[16][17]
Yengwa mutum ne mai addini kuma ya wakilci ANC a taron Majalisar Cocin Duniya a Geneva.[13]
Mutuwa da martaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yengwa ya mutu a shekara ta 1987 a Landan. An canza wa wata hanya a Durban suna zuwa Masbalala Yengwa Avenue don karrama shi. [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Yengwa, Masabalala Bonnie 'MB'". Nelson Mandela Archive. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Massabalala (Bonnie) Yengwa". South African History Online. 27 June 2018 [17 February 2011]. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
- ↑ Lissoni, Arianna; Soske, Jon (2012-11-01). One Hundred Years of the ANC: Debating liberation histories today (in Turanci). NYU Press. ISBN 978-1-86814-848-6.
- ↑ Soske, Jon (2017-12-01). Internal Frontiers: African Nationalism and the Indian Diaspora in Twentieth-Century South Africa (in Turanci). Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-4610-2.
- ↑ Etherington, Norman (1992). Peace, Politics and Violence in the New South Africa (in Turanci). H. Zell. p. 277. ISBN 978-1-873836-75-0.
- ↑ ""Let the Spirit of Luthuli Speak to All": Digitisation and the 'virtual' Luthuli Museum | University of Cape Town". Faculty of Humanities (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- 1 2 Verwey, E. J. (1995). New Dictionary of South African Biography (in Turanci). HSRC Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-7969-1648-8.
- 1 2 3 4 Pillay, Indhrannie (22 May 2008). "Road Name Changes – Masabalala Yengwa Avenue – Gandhi Development Trust" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-25. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Buthelezi, Jabulani (2006-07-06). Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Nelson Mandela (in Turanci). Trafford Publishing. pp. 108, 127. ISBN 978-1-4122-5015-3.
- 1 2 Feit, Edward (1965). The South African National Congress Campaigns, 1954-56 (in Turanci). University of Michigan. p. 129.
- 1 2 Israel, Mark (1999-05-19). South African Political Exile in the United Kingdom (in Turanci). Springer. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-349-14923-0.
- ↑ Sibeko, Archie (1996). Freedom in Our Lifetime (in Turanci). Indicator Press, University of Natal. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-86840-210-6.
- 1 2 Massabalala Bonnie Yengwa (in Turanci). Sechaba, African National Congress of South Africa. 1987. pp. 31–32.
- ↑ Ellis, Stephen (2022-07-15). External Mission: The ANC in Exile (in Turanci). Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 978-1-77619-220-5.
- ↑ Kelly, Jill E. (2024-08-21), "Nokukhanya Luthuli", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (in Turanci), doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1442, ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4, retrieved 2025-01-25
- ↑ Otiono, Nduka; Akọma, Chiji (2021-05-31). Oral Literary Performance in Africa: Beyond Text (in Turanci). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-39753-6.
- ↑ Whitaker, Richard; Sienaert, E. R. (1986). Oral Tradition and Literacy: Changing Visions of the World : Selected Conference Papers, University of Natal, Durban, July 1985 (in Turanci). Natal University Oral Documentation and Research Centre. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-86980-513-8.