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Mata 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka ɓace da kuma kashe su

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Mata 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka ɓace da kuma kashe su
social issue (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na anti-Native American sentiment (en) Fassara da Cin zarafin mata
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka da Kanada

Mata 'yan asalin da suka ɓace da kuma kashe su sune wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali a kan mata 'Yan asalin ƙasar Kanada da Amurka, [1] na waɗanda ke cikin Al'ummai na farko a Kanada da al'ummomin' 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, amma kuma a tsakanin sauran' yan asalin ƙasa kamar a Ostiraliya da New Zealand.[2] Wani yunkuri na kasa yana wayar da kan jama'a game da MMIW ta hanyar tafiya, ginawa da kiyaye bayanan wadanda suka ɓace, gudanar da tarurruka, da horar da tashin hankali na cikin gida da sauran zaman bayanai ga 'yan sanda.[3]

Jami'an tsaro, 'yan jarida, da masu fafutuka a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin a Amurka da Kanada sun yi ƙoƙari su wayar da kan jama'a game da alaƙa tsakanin fataucin jima'i, cin zarafi, cin zarafi, da matan da suka ɓace kuma ana kashe su. Daga 2001 zuwa 2015, yawan kisan gilla ga mata 'yan asalin Kanada a Kanada ya kusan sau shida fiye da na sauran mata. :22A Nunavut, Yukon, Arewa maso Yamma, da kuma a cikin lardunan Manitoba, Alberta da Saskatchewan, wannan yawan wakilcin mata 'yan asalin a cikin wadanda aka kashe ya fi girma. [4] :22A cikin Amurka, matan ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka sun fi yuwuwar fuskantar tashin hankali fiye da sau biyu kamar kowane alƙaluma; daya daga cikin ukun mata ‘yan asalin kasar ana cin zarafinta a lokacin rayuwarta, kuma kashi 55.5% na wani abokin tarayya na cin zarafinta da karfi. 66.4% sun fuskanci zalunci na tunani daga abokin tarayya. Kashi 67% na hare-haren da aka ruwaito sun shafi wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba ne, yayin da kashi 70% na hare-haren ba a kai rahoto ba. [5] [6]

An bayyana MMIW a matsayin rikicin kasa na Kanada, [7] [8] da kuma Kisan kare dangi na Kanada. [9] Dangane da kira da aka yi akai-akai daga kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar, masu fafutuka, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, Gwamnatin Kanada a karkashin Firayim Minista Justin Trudeau, tare da goyon bayan dukkan gwamnatocin larduna goma, ta kafa Binciken Kasa game da Mata da 'yan asalin da suka ɓace da kuma Kisan Mata a watan Satumbar 2016. [10] A cewar mai binciken, "Mata da 'yan asalin ƙasar a Kanada suna da tasiri sosai ga kowane nau'in tashin hankali. Kodayake' yan asalin mata sun kai kashi 4 cikin 100 na yawan mata na Kanada, kashi 16 cikin 100 na duk matan da aka kashe a Kanada tsakanin 1980 da 2012 'yan asalin ne". An kammala binciken kuma an gabatar da shi ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2019.[11][12] Shahararrun shari'o'in MMIW a Kanada sun haɗa da mata 19 da aka kashe a cikin kisan kiyashi na Highway of Tears, da kuma wasu daga cikin mata 49 daga Yankin Vancouver da mai kisan gilla Robert Pickton ya kashe.[13]

A Amurka, an sake ba da izini ga Dokar Cin zarafin Mata ta Tarayya (VAWA) a cikin 2013, wanda a karo na farko ya ba kabilun ikon bincike da gurfanar da laifuffukan cin zarafin cikin gida da suka shafi masu laifin 'yan asalin Amurka da wadanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba a kan ajiya. [lower-alpha 1] A cikin 2019, Majalisar Wakilai, karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Democrat, ta zartar da H.R. 1585 (Tsar da Dokar Rashin Hukuncin Mata ta 2019) ta hanyar kuri'un 263-158, wanda zai kara yawan haƙƙin gabatar da kabilun. Majalisar Dattijai ba ta karɓi lissafin ba, wanda a lokacin yana da rinjaye na Jamhuriyar Republican. A cikin 2022, sake ba da izini ya zama doka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dokar Gudanar da Kudade ta 2022.

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A matsayin rukuni wanda aka kasance "a cikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da siyasa", Mata 'yan asalin ƙasar sun kasance masu yawan niyya ga ƙiyayya da tashin hankali. Abubuwan da ke tattare da su kamar talauci da rashin gida suna taimakawa wajen cin zarafin su, kamar yadda abubuwan tarihi kamar wariyar launin fata, jima'i, da kuma gadon mulkin mallaka.[15] Raunin da aka samu ta hanyar cin zarafin da aka yi a karkashin tsarin makarantar zama na Kanada yana taka rawa. [11][16]

Mata 'yan asalin suna tsakanin sau 3 zuwa 3 sau da yawa sun fi fuskantar mummunar laifi fiye da sauran mata, [17] [18] kuma tashin hankali da suke fuskanta sau da yawa ya fi tsanani. [19] 

Ostiraliya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutanen farko a Ostiraliya sun ba da rahoton yawancin matakan tashin hankali da rage tsarin kamar sauran ƙasashe, kamar Kanada da Amurka, wanda ya jagoranci Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya don ƙaddamar da bincike a cikin 2022 wanda aka soki shi saboda rashin ɗaukar kafofin watsa labarai da kuma rufe shi ba ma da shekara guda bayan an fara shi ba. Matsayin matsalar a Ostiraliya ya kasance da wahala a ƙayyade saboda babu wata hukuma da ke kula da ainihin lambobin. Daga abin da ke akwai, yawan kisan kai ya ninka sau 12 na matsakaicin Australiya.[20]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues calls for an Expert Group Meeting on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women". Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020. The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues has recommended that the governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States, in cooperation with UN entities, “organize an international expert group meeting, by 2021, on ongoing issues of violence against indigenous women and girls in the region, including trafficking as well as the continuing crisis of missing and murdered indigenous women.”
  2. ↑ Hopkins, Ruth (September 11, 2018). "When the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis Hits Home". Teen Vogue. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019. With issues concerning jurisdictional power and poor communication between families and local, state, tribal, and federal authorities contribute to the epidemic of missing and murdered Indigenous women.
  3. ↑ Baker, Carrie N. (December 2, 2019). "Making Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls Visible". Ms. magazine. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named StatsCan_Mahony_201706062
  5. ↑ "True Consequences: Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls". trueconsequences.libsyn.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
  6. ↑ Roe, Bubar; Jumper Thurman, Pamela (2004). "Violence against native women". Social Justice. 31 (4 [98]): 70–86. JSTOR 29768276. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019. Natives are more likely to be victims of crime than are any other group in the United States. People of a different race committed 70% of violent victimizations against Natives. The report also notes the rate of violent crime experienced by Native women between 1992 and 1996 was nearly 50% higher than that reported by African American males, long known to experience very high rates of violent victimization. According to the Department of Justice, 70% of sexual assaults of Native women are never reported, which suggests that the number of violent victimizations of Native women is higher (Ibid.).
  7. ↑ Krishnan, Manisha (August 3, 2016). "Here's What the Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Inquiry is Missing". Vice News. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017. After years of debate and inaction, the Canadian government has finally launched an inquiry into the national crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women.
  8. ↑ Bailey, Jane; Shayan, Sara (2016). "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis: Technological Dimensions". Canadian Journal of Women and the Law. 28 (2): 321–341. doi:10.3138/cjwl.28.2.321. S2CID 151717583. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  9. ↑ Barrera, Jorge (May 31, 2019). "National inquiry calls murders and disappearances of Indigenous women a 'Canadian genocide'". CBC News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  10. ↑ "About Us — National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls". National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Archived from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (April 22, 2016). "Background on the inquiry". www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-09-13. Retrieved June 5, 2019. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "RCAANC_20160422" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
  13. ↑ Dalton, Jane (June 1, 2019). "Murdered and missing women and girls in Canada tragedy is genocide rooted in colonialism, official inquiry finds". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2019. State ‘actions and inactions and ideology’ blamed for allowing attackers to get away with violence over nearly 50 years
  14. ↑ Milke, Mark (January 12, 2013). "Increasing number of Aboriginals choose not to live on reserves". Calgary Herald and Regina Leader Post. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  15. ↑ "True Consequences: Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls". trueconsequences.libsyn.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
  16. ↑ Cogan, Marin (July 6, 2016). "The Vanishing of Canada's First Nations Women". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  17. ↑ "Background". National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Violent victimization of Aboriginal women in the Canadian provinces, 2009". www.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  19. ↑ "Violent victimization of Aboriginal women in the Canadian provinces, 2009". www.statcan.gc.ca (in Turanci). Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AU ABC Report Brennan2


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