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Mata a cikin canjin yanayi

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Shugabannin mata na duniya a Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021.
Mata a cikin canjin yanayi
Bayanai
Fuskar Tasirin canjin yanayi da women's history (en) Fassara

Gudummawar mata a cikin canjin yanayi sun sami karuwar kulawa a farkon karni na 21. Ra'ayoyi daga mata da batutuwan da mata ke fuskanta an bayyana su a matsayin "mai mahimmanci" ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [1] da kuma "mai mahimmanci " ta Ofishin Bayani na Jama'a. [2] Wani rahoto daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya kammala cewa hada bincike kan jinsi zai "ba da ingantaccen sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa".[3]

Bincike da yawa sun rubuta Bambancin jinsi a kimiyya kuma sun bincika dalilin da ya sa ba a haɗa mata ba ko wakiltar su, musamman a matakan bincike mafi girma. Duk da gagarumin ci gaba, masana kimiyya mata suna ci gaba da jimrewa da nuna bambanci, rashin daidaito, da rashin daidaito na kudade, a cewar wani rahoto na musamman da aka buga a cikin mujallar Nature a cikin 2013. Ya kuma bayyana cewa kashi 70 cikin 100 na maza da mata a duniya suna ɗaukar kimiyya a matsayin aikin namiji. Mata suna fuskantar cikas saboda wajibai na iyali, kuma ba su da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe da nassoshi.[4]

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

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Mary Robinson
Christiana Figueres

Mata sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga binciken sauyin yanayi da manufofi da kuma nazarin Batutuwan muhalli na duniya. Sun hada da mata masu kimiyya da yawa da kuma masu tsara manufofi da masu gwagwarmaya. Mata masu bincike sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga manyan kimantawa na kimiyya kamar na Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Canjin Yanayi da Nazarin Tsarin Halitta na Millennium kuma suna da wakilci sosai a manyan kwamitocin canjin duniya na Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ICSU) da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amurka. Mata sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manufofin yanayi na duniya. Misali, Christiana Figueres tana jagorantar tattaunawar yanayi ta duniya a matsayin Babban Sakataren Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) kuma tsohon Shugaban Ireland Mary Robinson shine Jakadan Musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan Canjin Canjin Yanki. Susan Solomon ta jagoranci ƙungiyar aiki ta kimiyyar yanayi ta 1 na Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Nazarin Canjin Yanayi na huɗu a cikin 2007.

Rashin wakilcin mata a kimiyya

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Mata galibi ba su da wakilci a kimiyya kuma sun fuskanci shingen da yawa ga nasarar su da kuma karɓa.[5] Bayan juyin juya halin kimiyya a karni na 17 matan Turai sun shiga cikin kimiyyar lura, gami da ilimin taurari, tarihin halitta da lura da yanayi kodayake jami'o'i da yawa ba za su yarda da mata ba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19th.

Rahoton da aka bayar kwanan nan daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Amurka ya nuna cewa yayin da mata ke samun rabin digiri na farko a kimiyya da injiniya, mafi yawan waɗannan suna cikin kimiyyar halittu (musamman kafin likita) idan aka kwatanta da kimiyyar lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniya (20%). Dangane da digiri, mata kuma suna da kashi 20% kawai na aikin injiniya da ilimin lissafi. Kodayake yawan mata masu cikakken farfesa a Amurka ya ninka sau biyu tun 1993 mata suna da ƙasa da 1/4 na manyan mukamai a kimiyya da injiniya kuma mata suna samun ƙasa da maza a wannan matakin.

An lura cewa mata masu launin fata, 'yan asalin mata da mata daga kudancin duniya sun fi dacewa da watsi da su, don a wakilce su sosai a makarantar kimiyya da jagoranci.[6] Wannan yana da alaƙa da gado na nuna bambanci, rashin damar ilimi, shingen harshe, da rashin ƙoƙari na ganowa da ambaton su.

Mata a cikin horo na canjin yanayi

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Mata ba su da wakilci a mahimman fannoni don nazarin canjin yanayi. Misali, mata tsiraru ne a cikin ilimin kimiyyar duniya inda bincike ya nuna cewa kasa da kashi 20 cikin 100 na masana yanayi da masana kimiyyar kasa mata ne. [7] Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan game da shirye-shiryen digiri na kimiyyar yanayi na Amurka ya nuna cewa mata sun kasance 17% na waƙa da ƙwararrun malamai, tare da ƙaramin ɗimbin yawa a matsayi mafi girma, kuma 53% na sassan suna da ɗalibai biyu ko ƙasa da mata. [8] Mata sun ɗan fi ɗan wakilci a cikin kimiyyar muhalli. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya ba da rahoton cewa mata su ne kashi 55% na ɗaliban da suka kammala digiri a fannin ilimin halittu amma kashi 1/3 na malaman da aka ba su mata ne kuma kashi 3/4 na labaran da ke cikin mujallar kasa da kasa ta flagship - Ecology - maza ne suka rubuta. [9] Mata sun sami ƙarancin kuɗin bincike daidai gwargwado kuma abokan aikinsu ba su da yuwuwar ambaton su. Mambobin mata na Ƙungiyar Muhalli na Amurka sun karu daga 23% a cikin 1992 zuwa 37% a 2010. [10]

Ƙungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta buga bayanai game da mata a kimiyya a duk duniya.[11] Mata gabaɗaya suna da wakilci mafi kyau a matsayin rabo na duka masu binciken kimiyya a Latin Amurka, Oceania da Turai (30%+) kuma mafi ƙaranci a Asiya (19%).

Tattaunawar mata a kimiyya da canjin yanayi

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An yi jayayya cewa lokacin da aka yi watsi da mata a matsayin malamai da masu yanke shawara duniya ta kasa amfani da cikakken ikon ɗan adam, wanda ake buƙata don batutuwan da suka dace kamar Canjin yanayi. Mata na iya ɗaukar ƙarin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, musamman a cikin shawarwari, kuma suna iya mai da hankali ga ƙungiyoyin marasa galihu da yanayin halitta.[12]

Jima'i ya zama matsala saboda muhimman rawar da mata ke takawa wajen sarrafa albarkatun kamar ruwa, gandun daji da makamashi kuma kamar yadda mata ke jagorantar fada don kare muhalli.

An nuna damuwa game da bukatar nuna aikin mata da kuma hada da karin mata a cikin manyan kwamitoci don samar da daidaiton jinsi, adalci na zamantakewa, da wahayi ga matasan mata don shiga aiki a kimiyya.[13] Wannan yana nuna ƙarin muhawara game da shingen ci gaban mata da kuma buƙatar mata su "ƙware" zuwa matsayi na jagoranci.

Wata gardama tana mai da hankali kan tasirin canjin yanayi akan lafiyar haihuwa. Ba har zuwa kwanan nan ba ne aka gano waɗannan batutuwan kuma aka kawo su haske duk da haka, a halin yanzu suna shafar mata da yawa a duk faɗin duniya kuma a ƙarshe za su sami tasirin yawan jama'a. Masu gurɓataccen abu da sunadarai masu guba waɗanda ke cikin iska, abinci, da yanayin halittu suna haifar da matsaloli masu yawa na kiwon lafiya. Kasashe masu tasowa a halin yanzu suna fama da mafi yawa saboda suna da wuraren zubar da sharar gida daga kasashe masu tasgawar kamar yadda ake ganin sun fi dacewa. Ba wai kawai waɗannan gurbatawa zasu iya haifar da rashin haihuwa ba, suna iya haifar da matsaloli tare da samar da jarirai da nauyin nauyi da lafiya gaba ɗaya da kuma haifar da zubar da ciki. Ba wai kawai ƙarni na gaba yana fama da sakamakon da mahaifiyar waɗannan yara ke fama da matsalolin kiwon lafiya ba. Wannan wani muhimmin dalili ne da ya sa ya kamata a kawo mata cikin tattaunawar canjin yanayi.[14]

Dubi kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change". WomenWatch. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  2. ↑ Winnik Yavinsky, Rachel (December 2012). "Women More Vulnerable Than Men to Climate Change". Population Reference Bureau. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Gender, Climate Change, and Health" (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  4. ↑ "National Center for Biotechnology Information". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  5. ↑ Rossi, AS (1962). "Women in Science: Why So Few? Social and psychological influences restrict women's choice and pursuit of careers in science". Science. 148 (3674): 1196–1202. doi:10.1126/science.148.3674.1196. PMID 17748114. S2CID 19806932.
  6. ↑ Ong, Maria; Wright, C; Espinosa, LL; Orfield, G (2011). "Inside the double bind: A synthesis of empirical research on undergraduate and graduate women of color in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics". Harvard Educational Review. 81 (2): 172–209. doi:10.17763/haer.81.2.t022245n7x4752v2.
  7. ↑ UCAR. "Women in Meteorology: How long a minority?". UCAR communications. UCAR. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved Apr 7, 2015.
  8. ↑ MacPhee, David; Canetto, Silvia Sara (2015). "Women in Academic Atmospheric Sciences". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 96 (1): 59–67. Bibcode:2015BAMS...96...59M. doi:10.1175/bams-d-12-00215.1.
  9. ↑ Martin, Laura Jane (2012). "Where are the women in ecology". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 10 (4): 177–178. Bibcode:2012FrEE...10..177M. doi:10.1890/12.wb.011.
  10. ↑ Beck, Christopher; Boersma, Kate; Tysor, C Susannah; Middendorf, George (2014). "Diversity at 100: women and underrepresented minorities in the ESA". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 12 (8): 434–436. Bibcode:2014FrEE...12..434B. doi:10.1890/14.WB.011.
  11. ↑ UNESCO. "Gender and Science". UNESCO. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  12. ↑ Blanchard, Eric M (2003). "Gender, international relations, and the development of feminist security theory". Signs. 28 (4): 1289–1312. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.474.9430. doi:10.1086/368328. S2CID 145225269.
  13. ↑ Buck, Holly; Gammon, Andrea R; Preston, Christopher J (2014). "Gender and Geoengineering". Hypatia. 29 (3): 651–669. doi:10.1111/hypa.12083. S2CID 28832973.
  14. ↑ Bhatt, R.V (July 2000). "Environmental influence on reproductive health". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 70 (1): 69–75. doi:10.1016/S0020-7292(00)00221-6. PMID 10884535.
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