Jump to content

Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Tsattsauran Ra'ayi na New York

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Tsattsauran Ra'ayi na New York
Bayanai
Iri ma'aikata
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1967

Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Tsattsauran Ra'ayi na New York (NYRW) wata kungiya ce ta mata mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na biyu wacce ta wanzu daga 1967 zuwa 1969. Sun ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na kasa baki daya lokacin da suka buɗe wata tutar a cikin Gasar Miss America ta 1968 da ke nuna kalmomin "Yanci na Mata".

Asalin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kafa kungiyar zanga-zangar ne a Birnin New York a ƙarshen 1967, ta tsohon tauraron talabijin Robin Morgan, Carol Hanisch, [1] Shulamith Firestone, [2] da Pam Allen. Membobin farko sun hada da Ros Baxandall, Pat Mainardi, Irene Peslikis, Kathie Sarachild, da Ellen Willis.:[3][4]:318:318 New York Radical Women sun kasance ƙungiyar matasa abokai ne a cikin shekaru ashirin waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na New Left, waɗanda suka gaji da haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka fi rinjaye maza da ƙungiyoyin adawa da yaƙi, da maza waɗanda suka ga suna son takwarorinsu mata su zauna a gida.[5] Saboda Carol Hanisch ita ce shugabar ofishin New York na Asusun Ilimi na Kudancin (SCEF), a farkon 1968, Hanisch ta sami ofisoshin SCEF don tarurrukan mako-mako na Mata masu Radical na New York, kuma ta kasance tushen su har sai kungiyar ta rushe a farkon shekarun 1970.[6]

zanga-zangar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ayyukan farko na mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na New York sun kasance a taron Jeannette Rankin Brigade . [7]::405 Membobin kungiyar sun jagoranci wani taron zanga-zangar, " binnewar mata na gargajiya", wanda aka gudanar a Kabari na Arlington. An rubuta kuma an karanta liturgy ɗin ta hanyar wanda ya kafa Peggy Dobbins.: 57 Kathie Sarachild ta rubuta wani flier don jawabin da ta bayar a taron, kuma a cikin wannan flier ta kirkiro kalmar "Sisterhood is powerful".[7] : 405 :405

Kungiyar ta kuma shiga cikin zanga-zangar Miss America tare da littafin su No More Miss America a Atlantic City, New Jersey, a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1968. Kimanin mata 400 ne aka tara su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka zuwa zanga-zangar a waje da taron. Mata a alamance sun jefa samfuran "mata" da yawa a cikin babban tukunya. Wadannan sun hada da mops, tukwane da pans, mujallu na Playboy, [8] gashin ido na ƙarya, takalma masu tsayi, curlers, gashin gashi, kayan shafawa, ɗamara, corsets, da bras, [9] abubuwan da masu zanga-zangar suka kira "kayan aikin azabtar da mata. " Carol Hanisch, ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya zanga-zambe, sun yi niyyar ƙone shi, amma sashen 'yan sanda, tunda muna kan allon, ba za mu bari mu yi ƙonewa. " Labarin New York Post game da zanga-zembowarsu na ƙonewa da katunan mata da suka yi kama da katunan zanga-zakin su yi. An yi jayayya cewa babu wani ƙonewa, kuma babu wanda ya cire ta.: 4 Wani labari na gida da ke ba da rahoto game da taron ya ba da rahoton cewa akwai ƙonewa da sauran abubuwa. Ya ce "kamar yadda bras, ɗamara, falsies, curlers, da kwafin shahararrun mujallu na mata suka ƙone a cikin 'Freedom Trash Can'..."  : An kama Dobbins 57 saboda yayyafa Toni na dindindin a kusa da akwatin magajin gari. Ta yi amfani da Toni, saboda ita ce mai tallafawa wasan.[4]:94–95

Hanisch ya ce, "Har zuwa wannan lokacin, ba mu yi ayyuka da yawa ba tukuna. Mun kasance ƙaramin motsi. Wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa da za a yi. Miss America ita ce wannan gunkin 'Amurka'. Wanene zai yi ƙarfin hali ya soki wannan?" Tare da jefa abubuwa cikin shara, sun yi tafiya tare da alamomi, sun wuce takardu, kuma sun yi kambi da tumaki mai rai, suna kwatanta kyawawan takardu da gasa da dabbobi a baje kolin gundumar.[8] Wani karamin rukuni ya sayi tikiti kuma ya shiga zauren. Yayinda Miss America ta 1967, Debra Barnes Snodgrass, ke ba da adireshin gaisuwarta, masu zanga-zangar hudu sun buɗe takardar gado daga baranda wanda ya ce "Yanci na Mata" kuma sun fara ihu. 'Yan sanda sun cire su da sauri amma jaridu daga ko'ina cikin Amurka sun jawo su. Hanisch ya ce daga baya, "Media sun dauki nauyin bangon". "Sau da yawa ina cewa idan sun kira mu 'masu ƙonewa', kowace mace a Amurka za ta gudu ta shiga gare mu".[8]

A watan Janairun 1969, taron karshe da suka halarta shine Counter-Inauguration a Washington DC. Wannan zanga-zangar ta yi niyya ga mata da suka goyi bayan Yaƙin Vietnam. [10] An aika da masu zanga-zangar gayyata suna gaya musu kada su kawo furanni ko ma su yi kuka a ' binnewa', amma su kasance a shirye don binne matsayin mata na gargajiya.[10]

Littattafai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kungiyar ta tattara kuma ta buga matani na mata a cikin Notes from the First Year (1968), sannan Notes from The Second Year (1970). "Principles" na New York Radical Women an haɗa shi a cikin tarihin 1970 Sisterhood Is Powerful wanda Robin Morgan ya shirya.

Bayanan daga Shekara ta Farko sun dogara ne akan jawabai da membobin suka bayar da kuma tattaunawar da aka gudanar a taron mako-mako na New York Radical Women a shekarar 1968.[11] Wannan takarda wani bangare ne na motsi na mujallu na mimeographed wanda ya dace da sabon tsattsauran ra'ayi na mata da ke tasowa a Amurka.[12] Yawancin sassan daga wannan takarda sun kasance tushe a ci gaban abin da muke kira mata yanzu da nazarin jinsi. Littafin ya nuna bayyanar farko ta ka'idar da daga baya za ta girma cikin sanannen littafin Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm .

An kirkiro bayanan kula daga Shekara ta Biyu ne don mayar da martani ga shahararrun da buƙatun Bayanan kula daga Shekarar Farko. An samar da shi a matsayin jaridar mata mai tsattsauran ra'ayi don gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi da kuma bayyana batutuwan siyasa masu dacewa.[11] Labaran da aka zaɓa an ga suna da muhimmanci a siyasa da / ko tasiri kuma suna da damar buɗe ƙarin muhawara.[11] Tare da zaɓin da ta yi na buga sabon abu maimakon kayan da aka riga aka rarraba ko'ina, [11] littafin ya nuna bayyanar farko ta mata masu tushe da ka'idodin nazarin jinsi kamar su Carol Hanisch's "The Personal Is Political", da Kate Millett's "Sexual Politics: A Manifesto for Revolution", wanda daga baya zai zama wani ɓangare na littafin mata na Sexual Politics .

Rushewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 1969, bambance-bambance na akida sun raba kungiyar zuwa ƙungiyar mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ƙungiyar mata masu zaman kansu (ko "politico"). Rashin jituwa ya karu tsakanin kungiyoyi biyu har zuwa Janairu 1969 lokacin da kungiyar ta fadi. 'Yan mata masu zaman kansu kamar Robin Morgan sun bar don kafa Kungiyar Ta'addanci ta Mata ta Duniya daga Jahannama (W.I.T.C.H.), yayin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi mata karkashin jagorancin Shulamith Firestone da Ellen Willis suka fara Redstockings.[3][4]   

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Tattara hankali

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hanisch, Carol. "Carol Hanisch of the Women's Liberation Movement". Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  2. ↑ Shulamith Firestone (1968). "Women and Marxism: Shulamith Firestone". Women and. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Maren Lockwood Carden, The New Feminist Movement (1974, Russell Sage Foundation)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Echols, Alice. Daring to be Bad: Radical Feminism in America
  5. ↑ Maurice Isserman & Michael Kazin, America Divided, (New York, Oxford University press, 2000)
  6. ↑ Brownmiller, Susan (1999). In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution. Dial Press, pp. 20–21, 23.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Barbara J. Love (2006). Feminists who Changed America, 1963-1975. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03189-2.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Greenfieldboyce, Nell (September 5, 2008). "Pageant Protest Sparked Bra-Burning Myth". NPR. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  9. ↑ Dow, Bonnie J. (Spring 2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology". Rhetoric & Public Affairs. 6 (1): 127–149. doi:10.1353/rap.2003.0028. S2CID 143094250.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Firestone, Shulamith (1968). "Jeanette Rankin Brigade, Women Power?". Notes from the first year. New York Radical Women. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Firestone, Shulamith and Anne Koedt, “Editorial.” Notes from the Second Year: Women’s Liberation: Major Writings of the Radical Feminists, 1970, pp. 1.
  12. ↑ Administrator. "1968: Women's Liberation Organizing Ignites ... Celebrating over forty years of renewed struggle". www.redstockings.org. Retrieved 2018-08-07.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Bayanan daga Shekara ta Farko. Yuni 1968.
  • Bayanan daga Shekara ta Biyu: 'Yanci na Mata . 1970.
  • Bayanan daga Shekara ta Uku: 'Yanci na Mata . 1971.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ƙungiyar_Mata_Masu_Tsattsauran_Ra%27ayi_na_New_York&oldid=784875"