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Matsalar kiwon lafiya

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Rikicin kiwon lafiya shine tsarin kiwon lafiya na gaggawa ko rikitarwa wanda ke shafar jama'a a cikin yanki ɗaya ko fiye daga wani yanki don mamaye dukan duniya. Matsalar kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya tana da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar al'umma, asarar rai, da kuma tattalin arziki. Suna iya haifar da cututtuka, hanyoyin masana'antu ko manufofi marasa kyau.[1][2]

Sau da yawa ana auna tsananin ta ta hanyar yawan mutanen da ke fama da girman ƙasa, ko Cutar ko mutuwar tsarin cututtukan da ya samo asali.[1]

Abubuwan da ke ciki

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Gabaɗaya akwai mahimman abubuwa uku a cikin rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya:

  • Matsalar kiwon lafiyar jama'a [2]
  • Matsalar lafiya
  • Kula da ƙararrawa: Rashin sadarwa game da haɗari ga yawan jama'a wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa.[3]

Nau'o'in

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  • Muhalli
  • Abinci
  • Mai guba

Rigakafi da Kulawa

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  • Yin amfani da Tsarin gargadi na kiwon lafiya. Ana buƙatar tsarin kiwon lafiya wanda ke amsa bukatun yawan jama'a don tsaftace kayan aiki don tabbatar da isasshen shiri kafin a haife su.[4][5]
  • Bayyanawa na cibiyoyin jama'a ko masu zaman kansu. Ra'ayi game da rikicin na iya tserewa daga ikon masana ko cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, kuma masu ruwa da tsaki sun ƙaddara su don samar da mafita da ke yadawa ko damuwa. Wannan yana buƙatar daidaitawa mai wuya game da buƙatar bayyana amsoshi masu bayyane da tsoro mara tushe.[6]
  • Ka'idojin isasshen bayanai. Rashin hankali yana tasowa lokacin da aka karkatar da bayanai, ko ɓoye. Fuskar matsalar kiwon lafiya ta ƙunshi: girmamawa ga al'umma, daidaita ƙungiyoyi da kuma ma'aikata tare da nauyin kimiyya ga mutane da kafofin watsa labarai, waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun a cikin yanayin haɗarin lafiyar jama'a, don samun amincewar 'yan ƙasa. Ikon fasaha na masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya ya fi tabbatarwa fiye da jami'an gwamnati, wanda ke nuna babban rabo daga tsohon da kuma ingantaccen horo na na biyu.[7][8]
  • Bincika rikicin da ya gabata ko wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Rikicin ƙalubale ne da dole ne a koya daga kuskuren da nasarori, tunda suna aiki don kawowa ga na'urorin da inganta martani ga wasu rikicin. Yana da mahimmanci a yi bincike game da martani na baya, haɗarin binciken da rauni, bincike da gwaji, da kuma motsa jiki don shirya kansu game da rikice-rikicen nan gaba.[9][10][11]
  • Samun Manufofin: "na farko, don rage tasirin rashin lafiya da mutuwa, kuma na biyu, don kauce wa rushewar zamantakewa".[12]
  • Shirya Shirye-shiryen gaggawa. Shirye-shiryen shine mabuɗin rikicin saboda yana ba da damar amsa mai ƙarfi, tsari, da kuma tushen kimiyya. Shirye-shiryen aiki dole ne su hadu da kwararru da wuri kuma an horar da su yadda ya kamata, kuma dole ne 'yan siyasa su kasance daidai a cikin ayyukansu kuma su daidaita duk albarkatun da ke akwai. Yana da mahimmanci a saka hannun jari a cikin albarkatun kiwon lafiya na jama'a don shirya matakan rigakafi da rage rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya don rage tasirin rikicin kiwon lafiya, kamar yadda yawanci suke shan wahala mafi yawa.[13][14]
  • Yana da mahimmanci a haɗa dukkan ayyukan kiwon lafiya musamman kula da kiwon lafiya na farko (masu kiwon lafiya, likitocin magunguna, da dai sauransu), kamar yadda sau da yawa waɗannan likitocin ne ke kan gaba a cikin rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya.

Misalan

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Jaririn da aka haifa ga mahaifiyar da ta sha thalidomide yayin da take da ciki
Metro na Mexico, fasinjoji da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska a cikin annobar mura ta 2009.
symptoms of microcephaly
Alamomin microcephaly, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da uwaye da suka kamu da Kwayar cutar Zika [15]

Dubi kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.
  2. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  3. ↑ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.
  4. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  5. ↑ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.
  6. ↑ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.
  7. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  8. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  9. ↑ Spiegel, Paul B; Le, Phuoc; Ververs, Mija-Tesse; Salama, Peter (2007-03-01). "Occurrence and overlap of natural disasters, complex emergencies and epidemics during the past decade (1995–2004)". Conflict and Health. 1 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1752-1505-1-2. ISSN 1752-1505. PMC 1847810. PMID 17411460.
  10. ↑ "What does a health crisis look like? See Houston - USATODAY.com". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  11. ↑ Gérvas, J.; Hernández-Aguado, I.; et al. (2009). "Successes and failures in the management of public health crisis in Spain" (PDF). Gac Sanit. 23 (1): 67–71. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2007.11.001. PMC 7131072. PMID 19231727. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-23.
  12. ↑ Weinstein, Robert A. (2004-06-03). "Planning for Epidemics — The Lessons of SARS". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (23): 2332–2334. doi:10.1056/nejmp048082. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 15175434.
  13. ↑ Wells, Paul Krugman and Robin (23 March 2006). "The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It". The New York Review of Books. 53 (5). Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  14. ↑ "Gérvas J, Hernández I. El eterno retorno de las crisis sanitarias. El País. 22/05/2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-17.
  15. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  16. ↑ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  17. ↑ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.

Bayanan littattafai

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Haɗin waje

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Samfuri:Health care quality

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