Matsalar ta 2030
 Matsalar ta 2030 | |
|---|---|
challenge (en)  |
Ƙalubalen 2030 wani shiri ne na Edward Mazria da Architecture 2030 don yin duk sabbin gine-gine da gyare-gyare na carbon-neutral a shekara ta 2030 don kauce wa mummunan tasirin Canjin yanayi wanda bangaren gine-gine ya haifar. Gine-gine, gine-gine, da ayyukan aiki suna samar da kusan kashi 40% [1] na hayaki na shekara-shekara na Greenhouse Gas (GHG), saboda haka, akwai mafi girman iyaka don daidaitawa da sake hayaki a wannan ɓangaren, don kauce wa karuwar dumamar duniya don isa ga maɓallin tipping. Sabili da haka, maimakon ganin shi a matsayin matsala mai gwagwarmaya, Architecture 2030, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, tana ƙoƙari ta doke matsalolin canjin yanayi ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarawa da ƙira mai amfani da makamashi.
Manufofin da aka bayyana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan sune manufofi da The 2030 Challenge ta kafa:
- Dukkanin sabbin gine-gine, ci gaba da manyan gyare-gyare an tsara su don saduwa da man fetur, iskar gas (GHG), ma'aunin Amfani da makamashi na 70% na matsakaicin yanki (ko ƙasa) don wannan nau'in gini.[2]
- A mafi ƙaranci, adadin yankin gini na yanzu daidai da na sabon gini za a gyara shi a kowace shekara don saduwa da man fetur, iskar gas (GHG), ma'aunin amfani da makamashi na 70% na matsakaicin yanki (ko ƙasa) don wannan nau'in gini.[2]
- Matsayin rage man fetur ga duk sabbin gine-gine ya karu zuwa:
- 60% a cikin 2010
- 70% a cikin 2015
- 80% a cikin 2020
- 90% a cikin 2025
- Carbon-neutral ta 2030 (zero burbushin man fetur, GHG yana fitar da makamashi don aiki). [2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Edward Mazria, sanannen masanin gine-gine, marubuci, mai bincike da kuma malami ya kawo haske ga gudummawar bangaren gini,-gine da ke gudana game da canjin yanayi, bayan bincikensa na bayanan bayanan makamashi na Amurka a shekara ta 2002.[3] Sakamakon binciken da Edward Marzria da kamfaninsa suka gudanar a shekara ta 2002 sun kasance masu ban tsoro, inda gine-gine suka fito a matsayin babbar hanyar fitar da hayaki, wanda ya kai kashi 40% na amfani da makamashi na Amurka.[3] A mayar da martani ga wannan binciken, Edward Mazria a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsa a Santa Fe, ya fara kuma ya ba da kuɗin ƙungiyar bincike, Architecture 2030, wanda ke da niyyar rage hayakin gas daga muhalli da aka gina.[3] Daga baya, a shekara ta 2006 ya kafa Architecture 2030 a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta kuma ya ba da ƙalubalen 2030.[4]
Masu karɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Amurka (AIA), tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antu na farko da suka rungumi ƙalubalen 2030.[5] Baya ga wannan, ta ƙaddamar da Alkawarin AIA 2030 don tallafawa ƙalubalen 2030 da bin diddigin ci gaban carbon-neutral nan gaba.[6] Baya ga Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Amurka, wasu kungiyoyi masu sana'a kamar Majalisar Green Building ta Amurka; Ƙungiyar Gwamnonin Kasa; Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Heating, Refrigerating da Air-Conditioning (ASHRAE); da Union Internationale des Architectes, da sauransu da yawa, da kuma kashi 41 cikin 100 na kamfanonin gine-gine na Amurka.[4] Dokar 'Yancin Kai da Tsaro ta 2007 ta buƙaci duk sabbin gine-ginen tarayya don saduwa da ka'idodin aikin makamashi da aka tsara a cikin ƙalubalen 2030.[4] Birnin Seattle ya kirkiro Gundumar Seattle 2030, hadin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da ke aiki don ƙirƙirar gundumar gine-gine mai inganci a cikin gari don saduwa da ƙalubalen 2030 da ke fuskantar gundumomi a ko'ina.[1] A Kanada, Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Royal ta Kanada, Ƙungiyar Gine-gine na Ontario da birane irin su Vancouver suma sun karɓi manufofin ƙalubalen.[1]
Hanyar da za a bi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don saduwa da manufofi da ƙalubalen 2030 ya kafa, ana kwatanta aikin makamashi na ginin da amfani da makamashi, wanda aka fi sani da Baseline Energy Use Intensity (EUI). [7] A baya, kungiyar Architecture 2030 ta dogara da kayan aikin gano muhalli na Amurka (EPA) don gano bayanan makamashi daga bayanan, daidaitawa don nau'in gini, yanayi, girman, amfani da dai sauransu. Manufar ganowa, bi da bi, samun damar amfani da makamashi da aka saita daga Binciken Amfani da Makamashi na Kasuwanci (CBECS) don saita EUI da aka yi niyya. A mayar da martani ga sabbin labarai na EPA game da sabunta kayan aikinta daga 2003 CBECS zuwa 2012, wanda ya haifar da canji a duk ma'auni na EUIs, kungiyar Architecture 2030 ta gabatar da sabon kayan aikin su na Zero, wanda ke kiyaye masu zanen kaya da masu mallakar su motsa daga asalin su kamar na CBECS 2012.[8] Architecture 2030's Zero Tool yana fadada akan fasalulluka na Target Finder, yana ba da nuni mai kyau na asali, manufofi, da aikin gini na yanzu, yana bawa masu amfani damar kwatanta bayanan da aka daidaita ta yanayi, girman gini, zama da jadawalin.[8] Wadannan EUIs da aka yi niyya ana cimma su ta hanyar amfani da saiti na dabarun ƙira masu inganci wanda ya haɗa da ƙarancin farashi ko ƙirar ƙira da amfani da hanyoyin sabuntawa don Ayyukan gini-gine.[9] Jerin mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke haɗa dukkan ka'idojin, waɗanda ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar yanayin da aka gina a duk duniya a cikin 2030 Palette. Baya ga wannan jagorar, Gine-gine 2030 kuma yana ba da shirin ilimi; AIA + 2030 Online Series, tare da burin samar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu ƙwarewa da ke da muhimmanci don saduwa da manufofin ƙalubalen 2030.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "The 2030 Challenge – Architecture 2030" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Meeting the 2030 Challenge, Architecture 2030".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Edward Mazria, Encore.org".
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Edward Mazria, Encore.org".
- ↑ Audrey, Gray (May 2019). "We Can Cool It". Metropolis. 38 (8, 2019): 110.
- ↑ "The 2030 Commitment - AIA". www.aia.org. Archived from the original on 2019-12-10. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ↑ Burpee, Heather; Loveland, Joel (2013). "Targeting 100! Envisioning the high performance hospital in six climate regions". World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development. 10 (1/2/3): 96. doi:10.1504/wrstsd.2013.050789. ISSN 1741-2242.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Scaling Up Engagement with Net-Zero-Energy Goals". Building Green. March 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Why the Architecture 2030 Challenge Matters for Both New and Old Construction". September 20, 2018.