Matsanancin yanayi
 matsanancin yanayi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
severe weather (en)  , meteorological phenomenon (en) da natural risk (en) |
| Has cause (en) | Canjin yanayi |
| Yana haddasa |
meteorological disaster (en) |
| Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) |
Target 2.4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en) |
Matsanancin yanayi ya haɗa da yanayi mara kyau, sabon abu, mai tsanani, ko yanayi mara kyau; yanayi a iyakar rarraba tarihi - kewayon da aka gani a baya. Mummunan al'amura sun dogara ne akan rikodin tarihin yanayin wuri. Babban nau'ikan matsanancin yanayi sun haɗa da raƙuman zafi, raƙuman sanyi, fari, da hazo mai yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na guguwa, irin su cyclones na wurare masu zafi. Tsananin yanayi na iya yin tasiri iri-iri, tun daga hadurran yanayi kamar ambaliya da zabtarewar ƙasa zuwa tsadar rayuwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Tsananin yanayi wani nau'in yanayi ne na musamman wanda ke haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa da dukiyoyi.
Yanayin yanayi a yankin da aka bayar ya bambanta da lokaci, don haka za a iya danganta matsanancin yanayi, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, ga canjin yanayi na yanayi da ke wanzuwa a duniya. Misali, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ko Arewacin Atlantic oscillation (NAO) al'amuran yanayi ne da ke tasiri yanayin yanayi a duniya. Gabaɗaya magana, abu ɗaya a cikin matsanancin yanayi ba za a iya danganta shi da kowane dalili guda ɗaya ba. Koyaya, wasu manyan canje-canjen tsarin zuwa tsarin yanayin duniya na iya haifar da haɓaka mitoci ko tsananin abubuwan yanayi.
Canjin yanayi na iya sa wasu matsanancin yanayi su zama akai-akai kuma sun fi tsanani.[1]: 1517 Wannan ya shafi zafi da raƙuman sanyi. Matsakaicin ɓangarorin abubuwan da suka faru suna kallon yiwuwar bayani a bayan matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru. Samfuran yanayi sun nuna cewa hauhawar yanayin zafi na iya haifar da matsanancin yanayi da ya fi muni a duniya.
Matsanancin yanayi yana da mugun tasiri a kan al'ummar ɗan adam da kuma yanayin muhalli. Ana samun asarar rayukan mutane, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da lalata muhalli. Wasu ayyukan ɗan adam na iya tsananta tasirin, misali rashin tsarin birane, lalata dausayi, da gina gidaje tare da filayen ambaliyar ruwa.
Ma,ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsananin yanayi yana bayyana abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba waɗanda ke kan iyakar rarraba tarihi don wani yanki da aka ba su.[2]: 2908 Rahoton kimantawa na shida na IPCC ya bayyana wani mummunan yanayi kamar haka: "Wani lamari da ba kasafai ba a wani wuri da lokaci na shekara. Ma'anar 'rare' ya bambanta, amma yanayin yanayi mai tsanani zai kasance mafi wuya fiye da kashi 1 ko na 0 na kasawa fiye da kashi 1 ko na 0 na kasawa fiye da kashi 1 ko na 0 na kasawa fiye da kashi 1 ko na 0 na kasawa fiye da kashi 0 ko na kasawa fiye da kashi 1 ko na 9. aikin yuwuwar yuwuwar kimantawa daga abubuwan lura."[2]: 2908
Sabanin haka, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta ayyana yanayi mai tsanani a matsayin kowane bangare na yanayin da ke haifar da hadari ga rayuwa, dukiya ko kuma bukatar sa hannun hukuma[3]. Tsananin yanayi don haka wani nau'in yanayi ne na musamman.
Nau'uka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'anar matsanancin yanayi sun bambanta a sassa daban-daban na al'umma, suna canza sakamakon bincike daga waɗannan fannoni. Nau'in matsanancin yanayi na iya haɗawa, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, hazo mai nauyi, fari, raƙuman zafi, raƙuman sanyi, guguwa, da guguwa.[4][5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F. Otto, I. Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021: Chapter 11: Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513–1766, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 IPCC, 2022: Annex II: Glossary [Möller, V., R. van Diemen, J.B.R. Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, J.S. Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, US, pp. 2897–2930, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.029.
- ↑ World Meteorological Organization (October 2004). "Workshop On Severe and ExPOO Events Forecasting". Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
- ↑ "Extreme Weather". NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 2025-04-01.
- ↑ Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change (Report). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2016. pp. 21–24. doi:10.17226/21852. ISBN 978-0-309-38094-2.