Mauna Loa

Mauna Loa
shield volcano (en) da volcanic landform (en)
Bayanai
Suna a harshen gida	Mauna Loa da Mowna Roa
Mountain range (en)	Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain (en)
Nahiya	Osheniya
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa	Hawaiian Islands (en) da Hawaii (en)
Gagarumin taron	1984 eruption of Mauna Loa (en) da 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa (en)
Kayan haɗi	basalt (en)
Volcano observatory (en)	Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (en)
Wuri
19°29′N 155°36′W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar Amurika	Hawaii
County of Hawaii (en)	Hawaii County (en)

Mauna Loa ( /ˌ m ɔː n ə ˈ l oʊ . da , ˌ m aʊ n ə -/,  ; lit. ' Long Mountain ' ) yana ɗaya daga cikin tsaunuka guda biyar waɗanda suka samar da tsibirin Hawaii a cikin jihar Hawaii ta Amurka a cikin Tekun Pacific . Mauna Loa shine babban dutsen mai aiki a Duniya ta duka girma da girma. A tarihi an yi la’akari da shi a matsayin dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma a duniya har zuwa lokacin da aka gano tsaunin Tamu Massif da ke karkashin ruwa ya fi girma. Mauna Loa dutsen mai aman wuta ne wanda ke da gangara mai laushi, kuma girman da aka kiyasta ya kai 18,000 cubic miles (75,000 km³) , ko da yake kololuwar sa kusan 125 feet (38 m) ƙasa da na maƙwabcinsa, Mauna Kea . Fitowar lava daga Mauna Loa silica - matalauta ne kuma yana da ruwa sosai, kuma yakan zama mara fashewa .

Mauna Loa mai yiwuwa ya fashe aƙalla shekaru 700,000, kuma mai yiwuwa ya fito sama da matakin teku kimanin shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata. Wasu duwatsu masu kwanan wata suna da shekaru 470,000. Magma na dutsen ya fito ne daga Hotspot na Hawaii, wanda ke da alhakin kirkirar sarkar Tsibirin Hawaiian sama da miliyoyin shekaru. Saurin yunkurin Pacific Plate zai kawo Mauna Loa daga hotspot a cikin shekaru 500,000 zuwa miliyan daya daga yanzu, a wannan lokacin zai ƙare.   

Fashewar Mauna Loa ta baya-bayan nan ta fara ne a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2022, kuma ta ƙare a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2022. Wannan shi ne fashewa ta farko tun daga shekara ta 1984. Babu fashewar dutsen da ta haifar da mutuwar, amma fashewar a cikin 1926 da 1950 ta lalata ƙauyuka, kuma an gina birnin Hilo a kan yaduwar dutse daga ƙarshen karni na 19.

Saboda yiwuwar haɗarin da yake kawowa ga cibiyoyin jama'a, Mauna Loa wani ɓangare ne na shirin Decade Volcanoes, wanda ke ƙarfafa nazarin manyan tsaunuka masu haɗari a duniya. Mauna Loa an sa ido sosai ta hanyar Cibiyar Kula da Dutsen Hawan tun 1912. Ana gudanar da lura da yanayi a Mauna Loa Observatory, da kuma Sun a Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, dukansu suna kusa da taron dutsen. Gidan shakatawa na Hawaii Volcanoes ya rufe taron da kuma sassan kudu maso gabas da kudu maso yammacin dutsen mai fitattun wuta, kuma ya haɗa da Kīlauea, dutsen mai fashewa daban.

Ilimin ƙasa

Saitawa

  Kamar dukkan tsaunuka masu fashewa na Hawaii, an halicci Mauna Loa yayin da Farantin tectonic na Pacific ya motsa a kan Hotspot na Hawaii a cikin mantle na Duniya. Dutsen dutsen wuta na tsibirin Hawaii sune shaidar kwanan nan na wannan tsari wanda, sama da shekaru miliyan 70, ya haifar da sarkar tsaunuka 3,700 miles (6,000 km) mi (kilomita 6,000). Ra'ayi mai yawa ya bayyana cewa hotspot ya kasance mafi yawa a cikin mantle na duniya don da yawa, idan ba duka na zamanin Cenozoic ba. Koyaya, yayin da aka fahimci rigar Hawaiian sosai an yi nazari sosai, yanayin hotspots da kansu sun kasance masu ban mamaki. 

Mauna Loa na ɗaya daga cikin tsaunuka biyar masu fashewa da suka zama tsibirin Hawaii. Tsohon dutsen wuta a tsibirin, Kohala, ya wuce shekaru miliyan, kuma Kīlauea, mafi ƙanƙanta, an yi imanin yana tsakanin shekaru 210,000 da 280,000. Kama'ehuakanaloa (tsohon Lōʻihi) a gefen tsibirin har ma da ƙarami, amma har yanzu bai karya saman Tekun Pacific ba. A shekara miliyan 1 zuwa 600,000, Mauna Loa ita ce ta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin tsaunuka biyar a tsibirin, yana mai da ita na uku mafi ƙanshin dutse a cikin Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain, jerin tsaunuka masu fashewa da tsaunuka da ke gudana daga Hawaii zuwa Kuril-Kamchatka Trench a Rasha.