Membrane na Epiretinal
| Membrane na Epiretinal | |
|---|---|
| Sauran sunaye | Macular pucker, epimacular membrane, preretinal membrane, cellophane maculopathy, retina wrinkle, surface wrinkling retinopathy, premacular fibrosis |
 | |
| Membrane na Epiretinal, hoton OCT. Mutumin mai shekaru 89. | |
| Kyakkyawan | Ilimin ido  |
Epiretinal membrane ko macular pucker cuta ce ta ido don mayar da martani ga canje-canje a cikin jin dadi ko kuma mafi wuya, Ciwon sukari. Wani lokaci, a sakamakon martani na tsarin rigakafi don kare retina, sel suna haɗuwa a cikin yankin macular yayin da vitreous ke tsufa kuma suna janyewa a cikin vitreous detachment (PVD).
PVD na iya haifar da ƙananan lalacewa ga retina, gami da exudates, kumburi, da amsawar Leukocyte. Wadannan kwayoyin zasu iya samar da wani bayyane a hankali kuma, kamar duk wani scar tissue, karfafawa don haifar da tashin hankali a kan retina, wanda zai iya kumbura da pucker, ko ma haifar da kumburi ko macular edema. Sau da yawa wannan yana haifar da karkatarwa na hangen nesa wanda ke bayyane a bayyane kamar yadda yake durƙusawa da ɓoyewa yayin kallon layi akan takarda (ko grid na Amsler) a cikin yankin macular, ko a cikin tsakiya na 1.0-digiri na gani.
Yawancin lokaci, yana faruwa a ido ɗaya da farko kuma yana iya haifar da diplopia na binocular ko hangen nesa biyu idan hotuna daga idanu biyu sun bambanta sosai. Karkatarwa na iya sa abubuwa su yi kama da girma (yawanci babba = macropsia), musamman a tsakiyar ɓangaren filin gani, ƙirƙirar aniseikonia mai zaman kansa ko mai dogara da filin wanda ba za a iya gyara shi gaba ɗaya ba tare da tabarau. Gyara ta bangare sau da yawa tana inganta hangen nesa, duk da haka.
A cikin matasa (a ƙarƙashin shekaru 50), waɗannan ƙwayoyin a wasu lokuta suna raguwa kuma suna rushewa da kansu, amma a mafi yawan lokuta (sama da shekaru 60), yanayin na dindindin ne. ƙwayoyin photoreceptor, Kwayoyin sandar, da Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci ba su lalace ba sai dai idan membrane ya zama mai kauri da wuya; don haka yawanci babu lalacewar macular.
Gabatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dalilin da ya sa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An gano ƙwayoyin a cikin membranes na epiretinal (ERM) sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin glial, ƙwayoyin retinal pigment epithelial (RPE), macrophages, fibrocytes, da ƙwayohin collagen. Ana samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Wadanda suka fito daga raguwar retinal, abubuwan da suka gabata na retinal, ko cryopexy sun hada da ƙwayoyin RPE da aka warwatsa, yayin da ƙwayoyi na asalin glial suka fi yawa a cikin cututtukan idiopathic. Laminocytes sune nau'in tantanin halitta a cikin ERMs na idiopathic. Wadannan sel ana samun su akai-akai a cikin ƙananan lambobi da aka warwatsa a cikin idanu da ke dauke da PVD. Kasancewar ƙwayoyin retinal pigment ba koyaushe yana nuna retinopathy mai yawa kuma ana ganinsa ne kawai a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da rabuwar retinal ko fashewa.
Abubuwan da suka faru na PVD da ke tattare da su sun kasance daga 75 zuwa 93%, kuma PVD yana cikin kusan dukkanin idanu tare da raguwar retinal ko rarrabawar retinal da kuma tsarin ERM na gaba. PVD na iya haifar da raguwar retinal wanda zai iya saki ƙwayoyin RPE waɗanda ke fara samar da membrane. Ƙananan raguwa a cikin membrane mai iyakancewa na ciki (ILM) bayan PVD na iya samar da retinal astrocytes damar shiga cikin rami mai laushi, inda zasu iya haɓaka daga baya. Yawancin ERMs kuma suna da raguwar ILM waɗanda za a iya cire su daban.[1] A ƙarshe, zubar da jini, kumburi, ko duka biyun da ke da alaƙa da PVD na iya motsa tsarin ERM.
Maza da mata suna da tasiri daidai akai-akai.
Binciken ganewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana gano membrane na Epiretinal ta hanyar bayyanar tare da tomography na gani (OCT) na macula. Abubuwan da suka hada da kauri na fiber na jijiya da kuma bayyanar da aka yi da shi a saman retina kawai a ƙarƙashin kauri mai kauri na nama a cikin retinal-vitreous.
Rigakafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu wata shaida mai kyau ga duk wani matakan rigakafi, tunda ya bayyana cewa wannan martani ne na halitta ga canje-canje na tsufa a cikin vitreous. An kiyasta cewa Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) yana faruwa a cikin sama da kashi 75 cikin dari na yawan mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 65, cewa PVD ainihin yanayin ba shi da lahani (ko da yake tare da wasu alamun damuwa), kuma ba ya barazana ga gani.
Koyaya, tunda membrane na epiretinal ya bayyana a matsayin amsa mai kariya ga PVD, inda kumburi, ruwa mai fitarwa, da ƙwayoyin cuta suka samo asali, yana yiwuwa NSAIDs na iya rage amsawar kumburi.
Yawancin lokaci, akwai abubuwan da ke haskakawa da kuma fitowar masu iyo a cikin ido wanda ke sanar da canje-canje a cikin vitreous kafin siffofin membrane na epiretinal.