Meshwesh
 Meshwesh | |
|---|---|
Amazigh tribe (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Amazigh tribe (en) |
Meshwesh (wanda aka fi sani da tsohuwar Masarawa a matsayin Ma) tsohuwar ƙabilar Libya ce, ta asalin Berber.[1]
Rubuce-rubucen farko na Meswesh sun koma daular goma sha takwas na Masar daga zamanin Amenhotep III (c. 1390 - 1350 BC). A lokacin dauloli na 19 da na 20 (c. 1295 – 1075 BC), Meswesh sun kasance cikin rikici kusan akai-akai da kasar Masar. A lokacin daular marigayi na 21st, an sami karuwar adadin mutanen Libya Meswesh sun fara zama a yankin yammacin Delta na Masar. A karshe za su karbi ragamar mulkin kasar a karshen daular 21 ta farko karkashin Osorkon dattijo. Bayan shekaru 38 da suka wuce, a lokacin da sarakunan Masar na asali Siamun da Psusennes II suka hau gadon sarauta, Meshwesh ya mulki Masar a tsawon daular 22 da 23 a karkashin fir'auna da yawa kamar Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq III da Osorkon III.[2]
Asalin Libya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cewa Meshwesh na asalin Libya an bayyana a sarari a cikin zuriyar da ke cikin stela na Pasenhor (wanda aka rubuta a zamanin Shoshenq V), inda aka bayyana manyan sarakunan Mehwesh (ciki har da sarakunan daular 22) su ne zuriyar "Buyuwawa ta Libya." An kuma nuna asalin Libyo-Berber na Meshwesh a cikin sunayensu na sirri (kamar Osorkon, Takelot, Nimlot, Shoshenq, da dai sauransu) da kuma wasu tsiraru na lakabin da ba na Masar ba da waɗannan mutane ke amfani da su masu alaƙa da harsunan Berber. Bayan Masarawa, Girkawa, Romawa, da Rumawa sun ambaci wasu kabilu daban-daban a Libya. Sunayen ƙabila daga baya sun bambanta da na Masarawa amma, wataƙila, an ambaci wasu ƙabilu a cikin tushen Masarawa da na baya, su ma. Kabilar Meswesh tana wakiltar wannan zato. Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa zai zama ƙabilar da ake kira Mazyes ta Hecataeus na Miletus da Maxyes na Herodotus, yayin da ake kiran kabilar Mazices da Mazax a cikin Latin.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san Meswesh daga tsoffin littattafan Masar tun farkon daular 18, inda aka ambace su a matsayin tushen shanu da aka ba gidan sarki Amenhotep III a Malkata. Wannan na nuni da cewa akwai yuwuwar an sami wasu alakar kasuwanci tsakanin Mehwesh da Masarawa a lokacin. Akalla, ana iya cewa Masarawa sun saba da Meswesh. Ga ragowar daular 18th, bayani game da Meshwesh ko Libiyawa gaba ɗaya zane ne. Akwai, duk da haka, wakilcin Libyans (watakila Meshwesh) daga mulkin Akhenaten, ciki har da wani papyrus mai ban mamaki wanda ke nuna ƙungiyar Libyan da ke kashe wani Masar. Duk da haka, papyrus ɗin ya rabu, don haka ba a san abin da mahallin tarihi yake ba. Meswesh ko Ma makiyaya ne makiyaya mafarauta, suna zaune ba akuya, raƙuma da sauran dabbobinsu yayin farauta da tarawa a lokaci guda. An tattara madara, nama, fatu da ulu daga dabbobinsu don abinci, tantuna da sutura.
Majiyoyin farko na Masarawa na farko sun bayyana mutanen Meshwesh tare da jarfa da dogon gashi tare da dogon kulle gefe a gaba, yayin da ƙarni daga baya suka bayyana tare da guntun gashi na tasirin Masar amma braided da beaded, neatly rabu a bangarorin biyu daga haikalin su da kuma ado da daya ko biyu fuka-fuki a haɗe zuwa ga makada fata a kusa da kambi na kai. Har yanzu suna amfani da riguna iri ɗaya kamar na dā, wata sirariyar alkyabbar fata na tururuwa, rini da bugawa, suka haye kafaɗunsu ɗaya suka sauko har tsakiyar ɗan maraƙi don yin buɗaɗɗen rigar a kan tsumma mai ƙyalli mai ƙyalli na phallus, kasancewar banda sabon ƙari na kilt ɗin sama da gwiwoyi da wutsiya na dabba bisa ga sarautar Masarawa da Nallumer. Maza sun yi gyaran fuska sai dai a haɓoɓinsu kuma manyan mazan sun yi ta ƙwanƙwasa doguwar haɓoɓinsu. Mata sun sanya riguna iri ɗaya da na maza, faranti, adon gashi kuma duka jinsin suna sanya manyan kayan ado. Hotunan daga baya sun nuna sun yarda kuma sun daidaita wasu riguna na Girka ko Masedoniya. Makaman sun hada da baka da kibau, kyankyaso, mashi da wukake.[4]