Mfalikuivahaas

Mfalikuivahaas ("wanda yake da ƙarfin hali kuma yana iya yin jawabi ga jama'a") manyan jigogin jini ne, ' Mfalmes ', 'Shugabannin', daga Kudancin Afirka a lokacin da wayewar da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara ke da wadata da kayan alatu da suka haɗa da turare, zinariya, hauren giwa, da ebony. An fi sanin sunan Mfalikuivahaa sa’ad da aka yi mulkin yankuna da yawa a Afirka ta hanyar tsarin mulkin da ke ba da iko a hannun ƙaramin rukunin masu mulki na dattawa, shugabanni, da Shamans . Irin wannan taron na kabilanci ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar 'yan Afirka da yawa, sabanin yadda ake gudanar da mulkin dimokuradiyya a yau.

Asali

Aggrandizing da daular

A ƙarshen 1700s, farkon 1800s yankin da ya zama Tanganyika, sannan Tanzaniya, wani yanki na Babban Tafkuna, ya ƙunshi ƙananan masarautu / sarakuna da yawa. Haƙƙin haƙƙin hakimai shine ƙara girman daularsu da ƙara yanki da ikon ƴan uwa. Iyalan Sarakunan sun aika da ‘ya’yansu (tare da taimakon masu karamin karfi, da kuma dimbin masu ba da shawara da masu ba da shawara wadanda a mafi yawansu su ma suna rike da mukamansu ne ta hanyar danginsu ko asalinsu da matsayinsu) don yin mulki ko su kasance a matsayin tsaro a cikin kasashe makwabta na sarakunan abokantaka. Wannan ya tabbatar da amincewa da manyan da'irori, rashin yin takara na kujerun da aka nada ga 'yan'uwa baya ga sauran wajibai na daidaitawa da iyalai ke aiwatar da ayyukan al'ada a madadin al'ummomi. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun tabbatar da cewa shugaban ba ya mulki ba bisa ka'ida ba. A ƙarshen 1800s an tarwatsa 'ya'ya / jikokin Mfalikuivahaa zuwa wuraren da aka ce kowannensu ya yi rawar gani a cikin biranen da suka biyo baya tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan sarakuna tare da kowane yaro ko jikoki da ke yin jiharsa bayan asalinsu.

Songea - Salubwiti Mfalikuivahaa

Salubwiti da Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa sun bi ta Malawi suka ƙaura zuwa yankin Ruvuma inda Salubwiti Mfalikuivahaa ya ci gaba da mulki a yankin Namtumbo yayin da Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar neman arewa don gano basarakensa. Jamusawa sun mamaye yankin da ke kusa da yankin manyan tabkuna tun 1897 gaba daya suna canza abubuwa da yawa na rayuwar yau da kullun. Masu mishan na mishan da suka yi ƙoƙarin canza duk wani imani na ’yan asalin sun sami goyon bayansu sosai, musamman ta hanyar rusa bukkokin ‘mahoka’ inda mazauna yankin ke bauta wa ruhohin kakanninsu da kuma raina ayyukansu, raye-raye da sauran bukukuwa. Songea, (Ruvuma) ita ce cibiyar juriyar Afirka a lokacin Tawayen Maji Maji a Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka tare da haɗa wasu kabilun kudanci na ɗan lokaci.

Lubiki Lwamtwa, 'ma'aikatan babban sarki' - Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa

Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa ya yi tattaki zuwa Utengule inda ya yi abokantaka kuma Cif Toigali Soliambingu na mutanen Bena ya tarbe shi. An nada Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa a matsayin shugaban babban hafsan tsaro. A tarihi, dangin sarakuna a cikin masarautu/sarakuna da yawa sun zama sojoji kuma suna iya gano asalinsu ga shugabannin sojoji daga lokacin ƙaura. Muhimmin ra'ayin jagora shine fifikon fifiko na mutum mai fada, wanda galibi ana kiyaye shi wajen ba da makamai. Mashin alama ce ta waje kuma alama ce ta "shugaba da mafarauci". A matsayinsa na babban abokin Cif Toigali, an ba Kamonga suna Lubiki, 'ma'aikatan sarki' kamar yadda ake samun daya kusa da wani sarki.

Zaune a yankin Mngeta

Al’adar mutanen Bena ta hada da binne na hannun daman sarki tare da shi, a matsayin dan rakiya a lahira, bayan rasuwar sarkin. Mutuwar Cif Toigali Soliambingi ta kai Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa ya tsere daga sarkin kuma a karshe ya zauna a yankin Mngeta ( Gundumar Kilombero ) inda ya kafa nasa, kujerar dangi, kujerar sarki. Da yake yin auren mata fiye da daya, Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa yana da mata arba'in duk da haka 'ya'ya biyu kacal daga cikin matansa biyu, Abiba Makwega da Joahali Makwega. Kowace ’yan’uwan Makwega tana da ɗa, Mohammed da Mira Lubiki Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa . Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa ya mutu lokacin da ’ya’yansa suke jarirai kuma dansa Mohammed Lubiki ya girma tare da kawunsa a Mofu . Mohammed Lubiki ya ci gaba da haifi ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza hudu tare da Mdasula Zaina Kitabu. Mohammed Lubiki Kamonga Mfalikuivahaa a yanzu ana kiransa da Lubiki, ya gaji karfin mahaifinsa kuma kwararre ne na mafarauci wanda ya shahara wajen samun gidan yana ciyar da basarake.

'Mfalikuivahaas' a yau

Shugabannin sun yi shakkun makarantun mishan na kasashen waje yayin da suke tunanin cewa wani samfurin na waje na iya kasancewa ya samo asali ba zato ba tsammani a cikin wata duniya ta daban da ke rage ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya cewa ci gaban tsarin mulkin Tanzaniya a nan gaba ya dogara da manyan masu ilimi na Yamma fiye da waɗanda suka fi son sarakunan gargajiya. 'Mohammed' na sha'awar Islama a sakamakon Larabawa da yawancin al'ummar Tanganyikan, ƙididdige 'ya'yansa maza za su kasance masu mulki a yankin, kawai ya aika da 'ya'yansa mata guda hudu don su kula da Sister Solana ('yan'uwan Baldegger, Order of Friars Minor Capuchin ) a Ifakara .

A cikin shekarun 1960, masu kishin kasa a gabashin Afirka sun yi niyyar gina kasashe masu cin gashin kansu ta hanyar wargaza kabilu da sarakuna. 'Kasar gurguzu ta gaske ita ce wadda dukkan mutane ke aiki a cikinta kuma babu tsarin jari-hujja ko feudalism a cikinta'' An yi kokarin sake tsugunar da jama'a a tarihin Afirka: kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na mutanen karkara na Tanzaniya an tumbuke su kuma suka zauna a ƙauyuka gama gari. Tare da ci gaban yunƙurin kishin ƙasa a tsakanin masu ilimi da tsarin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a tsakanin ma'aikata, an sami rugujewar siyasar manyan dangi, da sake fasalin ƙabilanci, da kuma hanyar samar da mafita ta zamani.

Wasu ’yan uwa da yawa suna karatu a ƙasashen waje a makarantu masu zaman kansu na Switzerland (tare da shugabanni ciki har da Kim Jong-un ; babban shugaban Koriya ta Arewa), Burtaniya da Amurka.

Nassoshi

Chami, F. A. 2002 The Swahili World. In F. A. Chami and G. Pwiti, editors, Southern Africa and the Swahili World. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.
Final reports by doctors to SolidarMed in the late 1980s in ASML. For a general argument on this in the case of Tanzania see: Aili Mari Tripp, Changing the Rules: the Politics of Liberalization and the Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania (Berkeley, 1997). See also the work of the health economist Lucy Gilson on Kilombero, e.g. in L. Gilson, M. Alilio, and K. Heggen hougen, “ Community satisfaction with primary health care services: an evaluation undertaken in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania.” Social Science and Medicine 39(6) (1994), L. Gilson and J.Rushby. Recurrent Cost Analysis of Selected Patient Care Centres in SFDDH, Ifakara, 17.06.1991
ASML: R3T6O1quer Vor 94 Diverse Berichte Tansania SFDDH.
Interviews of prominent elders remaining in Ifakara - stories of Ifakara ancestry
Larson, L. E. 1976 A History of the Mahenge (Ulanga) District, c.1860-1957. PhD dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam
I.J.Lweis, Education and Political indeppendece in Africa: and Political Independence in Africa: and other Essays (Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1962