Micaela Bastidas

Micaela Bastidas
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Tamburco District (en) , 23 ga Yuni, 1744
ƙasa	Viceroyalty of Peru (en)
Mazauni	Tinta (en)
Mutuwa	Plaza de Armas (en) , 18 Mayu 1781
Yanayin mutuwa	hukuncin kisa (strangling (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Túpac Amaru II (mul)
Yara	view Fernando Túpac Amaru Bastidas (mul)
Karatu
Harsuna	Quechua (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	revolutionary (en) da indigenous leader of the Americas (en)
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II (en)

Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua (23 ga Yuni 1744 - 18 ga Mayu 1781) ta kasance shugabar ' yan asalin ƙasar da ta yi gwagwarmaya da mulkin Sifaniya a Kudancin Amurka, kuma ta yi shahada saboda 'yancin kai na Peru . Tare da mijinta Túpac Amaru na II, ta jagoranci tawaye ga Sifaniya kuma kamar shi, Sifaniya ta kashe ta lokacin da tawayen ya gaza. Ta kasance cikakkiyar abokiyar hulɗa a harkokin mijinta kafin tawayen, kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin "jagora mai hazaka sosai ga tawayen."

Virgen del Carmen tare da masu ba da gudummawa, wanda aka fi sani da Túpac Amaru II da iyali.

Tarihin rayuwa

Hoton Micaela Bastidas a cikin Panteón de los Próceres a Lima

Yarinyar Josefa Puyucahua da Manuel Bastidas. Takardun game da rayuwar Micaela Bastidas ba su da yawa idan aka kwatanta da na mijinta, amma tarihin tarihi ya rubuta haihuwarta, aure, da mutuwarta. An haifi Micaela a lardin Pampamarca na Canas (laqaymarca ta haɗa da al'ummar iromocco na Pabellones, na gundumar Pampamarca, na lardin Canas a cikin 1744). Ita 'yar Manuel Bastidas ce (d. 1746) (watakila ta Asalin Afirka ko firist) da Josefa Puyucahua Sisa . Ganin matsayinta a matsayin jariri mara aure watakila ko dai na firist ko baƙar fata, an ware ta a cikin tsaunuka masu yawa na Andean. Micaela ta yi magana da Quechua fiye da Mutanen Espanya. Ta kasance Katolika ce mai ibada, amma ba ta da ilimi sosai. Wani asusun ya bayyana ta a matsayin "kyakkyawan yarinya Indiya. " Ba a san ko ta fito ne daga asalin Afirka ba, tunda kusan babu wani abu da aka sani game da mahaifinta, amma wasu takardu suna magana game da ita a matsayin Zamba, sunan da aka ba a lokacin mulkin mallaka na launin fata ga waɗanda suka haɗu da launin fata, Afirka da 'yan asalin ƙasar. Takardar shaidar aurenta ta lissafa iyayenta a matsayin "Spaniards" (Spanish), amma akwai babban canji a cikin tsarin rarraba launin fata, kuma irin wannan sanyawa na iya zama "alamu na mutunci".

A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1760, kafin ranar haihuwarta ta goma sha shida, Micaela ta auri José Gabriel Condorcanqui, wanda daga baya ya yi amfani da sunan Túpac Amaru II, a cocin Our Lady of Purification a birnin Surimana" id="mwOw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Surimana">Surimana . José Gabriel wani matashi ne mai kabilanci wanda ya fito ne daga wani muhimmin mutum a Tarihin Peruvian, na Inca Túpac Amaru I, wanda Mutanen Espanya suka kashe a shekara ta 1572. A shekara ta 1764, an ba shi suna Cacique ko kuraka na yankunan da suka dace da gadonsa: Pampamarca, Tungasuca, da Surimana . Taken da abubuwan da ke tattare da iko sune gado. Ya daidaita mazauninsa tare da Micaela a Tinta, wani yanki na Cusco . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku, Hipólito (1761), Mariano (1762), da Fernando (1768), wanda firist ɗin da ya aurar da su ya yi musu baftisma.

José Gabriel ya sami ilimi mai daraja a makarantar Jesuits a Lima da Cusco a makarantar 'ya'Yan asalin ƙasar. Ya yi magana kuma ya rubuta Mutanen Espanya, ya yi magana da Quechua, kuma ya san wasu Latin daga ilimin Jesuit. Ya kasance mai mallakar manyan filaye da wadata, yana da matsayi da yawa na gudanar da dukiyarsu. A matsayinsa na shugaba, zai yi sulhu tsakanin babban majistare da 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma tuhumar aikata laifuka. Yayin da ya bunƙasa, ya ga yadda sauran jama'a suka shafi tawaye na zahiri da ƙirƙirar al'adun cikin gida. A matsayinsa na dan kasuwa na yanki a kan babbar hanyar sadarwa, tare da alfadarai 350 don ɗaukar kayan kasuwanci, yana cikin kyakkyawan matsayi don ƙirƙirar dangantaka da waɗanda yake kasuwanci da su da tattara bayanai game da yanayin yankin da damuwa. A matsayinsa na mutum mai ka'ida, ya ji cewa ya taɓa duk rashin adalci ga mutanensa da kansa. Ya zo da dabarun da aikace-aikacen hukuma ga hukumomin Tinta Cusco da Lima don a 'yantar da 'yan asalin daga aikin tilas a cikin ma'adinai kuma a cire su daga bin aikin tilas. Yawancin lokaci yana haɗuwa da mummunar ra'ayi da rashin kulawa, amma ya fara haɓaka akidar 'yanci wanda ya dogara da kare' yan asalin ƙasar, bayi, Creoles, da mutanen da suka haɗu, yayin da yake jagorantar' yancin yankin da kasuwanci daga yanke shawara na kambin Spain.

Aure ya kasance mai farin ciki kuma cikakkiyar haɗin gwiwa. Wani muhimmin jerin haruffa a cikin Mutanen Espanya da aka musayar tsakanin su a farkon lokacin tawaye sun haɗa da soyayya da sunayen dabbobi ga juna, da kuma damuwa game da lafiyar ɗayan.

Bayan haka an kama ta a cikin wani tashin hankali da bai yi nasara ba. Ta haɗu da mijinta wajen jagorantar tawaye, inda ta jagoranci maza da mata a cikin yakin neman 'yancin kai da kuma shirya kayayyaki da kuma daukar ma'aikata.[1] An san ta da kasancewa "mafi girman dabarun Tupac Amaru II, kuma tabbas ya fi ƙarfin zuciya. " A cikin wani hari na hadin gwiwa kan Mutanen Espanya, ta ƙarfafa Amaru ya yi tafiya a kan Cuzco da sauri don ya ba su mamaki kuma ya yi amfani da tsaron birni da suka raunana. Koyaya, Amaru ya tsaya wanda ya ba Mutanen Espanya damar kawo ƙarfafawa da kama Bastidas, Amaru, da yawancin sojojin su.[2]