Mildred Fahrni
 Mildred Fahrni | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Manitoba (mul)  , 1900 |
| ƙasa | Kanada |
| Mutuwa | Vancouver, 1992 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Bryn Mawr College (mul) University of British Columbia (en) |
| Sana'a | |
Mildred Fahrni (1900-1992) yar kasar Kanada ce mai son zaman lafiya da gurguzu, wacce ta zama abokantaka da Gandhi da Martin Luther King Jr. Ita ce shugabar Kungiyar Mata ta Kasa da Kasa don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF) da Fellowship of Reconciliation . Fahrni ya yi adawa da yakin duniya na biyu da kyamar baki wanda ya kai ga shigar da jami'an Kanada na Japan da kuma shigar da yaran Dukhobor . Ta kasance ƙwararriyar mata kuma mai fafutuka.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Mildred Osterhout a ƙauyen Manitoba a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1900 ga Reverend Abram da Hattie Osterhout. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa British Columbia a 1914. Tsakanin 1919 zuwa 1923 ta halarci Jami'ar British Columbia (UBC), ta sami digiri na digiri a cikin Ingilishi da Falsafa. Ta ci gaba da kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa a 1923, kuma a UBC. Bayan karatunta, Osterhout ta fara aiki a matsayin sakatare ga reshen Vancouver na YMCA da Cocin Memorial na Kanada (CMC), amma ta sami gurbin karatu zuwa Kwalejin Bryn Mawr, a cikin 1930 ta koma makaranta. A makaranta a Pennsylvania, ta sadu da Muriel Lester kuma an gayyace ta ta yi aiki na tsawon watanni shida a Hall Hall da ke Landan. A hankali, zuwan Osterhout a Landan ya yi daidai da taron Tebur na Zagaye akan 'yancin kai na Indiya. Mahatma Gandhi, wanda ke halartar taron, shi ma yana zaune a Kingsley Hall, kuma ganawar ta da shi, ya canza alkiblar rayuwar Osterhout. [1]
Ta koma Kanada a 1933 kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa. A wannan shekarar, ta halarci taron hadin gwiwar Commonwealth Commonwealth a Regina, wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar [1] a hukumance kuma ta kaddamar da Regina Manifesto . [2] Ta yi takarar kujerar tarayya a cikin zabukan 1933 da 1938 a kan tikitin CCF, ta yi rashin nasara sau biyu, ta yanke shawarar bayan rashin nasara na biyu don ziyartar Gandhi a Indiya. Bayan ziyarar ta, ta koma Kanada, [1] ta ɗauki matsayin koyarwa a Makarantar Elementary ta Carleton a 1939 [3] kuma ta kula da mahaifinta marar lafiya, wanda ya mutu a 1940. [1] A cikin 1941, Osterhout ya auri Walter Fahrni [3] kuma ya fara rangadi a duk faɗin Kanada yana yin lacca kan zaman lafiya da adawa da shigar Kanada a yakin duniya na biyu. Ya kasa hana shiga da kuma adawa da kyamar gwamnati, Fahrni ya ba da kansa don koyarwa ba tare da biya ba a makarantar a New Denver tare da ’yan sandan Kanada na Japan da ake tsare da su. [4]
A cikin 1940s da 1950s, Mildred ya yi balaguro zuwa ƙasashen duniya don dalilai na zaman lafiya. Ta halarci taron kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1945 kuma [1] ta halarci 1947 Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres da aka gudanar a Guatemala City a matsayin wakilin Kungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF). [5] Tun da farko a cikin 1947, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar reshen Vancouver na WILPF amma ta yi murabus a cikin 1948 lokacin da ta koma Toronto don karɓar matsayi a matsayin Sakatariyar Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR). Bayan shekaru biyar, ta koma Vancouver, tana aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Yamma ga FOR. [1] A shekara ta gaba, 1949, Fahrni ya yi tafiya zuwa Indiya, don shiga taron masu fafutuka na duniya. Ta kasance mai magana da yawun jama'a mai aiki wanda ke tattauna batutuwan rashin tashin hankali, talauci, da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa [3] da kuma buga labaran kan waɗancan batutuwa. A cikin 1950s, ta rubuta rubuce-rubuce da yawa ga Doukhobor Inquirer kuma ta kasance mai tausayi ga tsananta musu. [6] Tsakanin 1953 da 1959, gwamnatin Kanada ta haɗa yaran Doukhobor a cikin makarantun zama a New Denver [7] kuma Fahrni ta sake ba da sabis na koyarwa. [8]
A cikin 1955, Fahrni ya yi tafiya a matsayin wakilin Fellowship of Reconciliation zuwa Montgomery, Alabama don shiga cikin ƙauracewa bas ɗin Montgomery . [1] Wani mai sha'awar Martin Luther King Jr. saboda haɗin gwiwarsa da Gandhi, sun zama abokai kuma suna aika wasiku game da al'amuran zamantakewa da zaman lafiya na shekaru masu yawa. [9] Mijinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1958 kuma Fahrni ya yi hayar ɗakuna ga masu hawa da kuma ɗalibai, suna zaune a cikin tsarin jama'a. Tsakanin 1963 zuwa 1979, ta yi sanyi a cibiyar al'ummar Quakers Casa de los Amigos a cikin birnin Mexico, tana gudanar da ayyukan al'umma. [1] Daga 1970, Fahrni ya yi aiki a matsayin mai masaukin baki ga Servas, kungiyar zaman lafiya ta duniya, wacce ke amfani da tafiye-tafiye da zaman dangi don inganta zaman lafiya. Ta yi tafiya tare da Servas ta Kudancin Amirka. A cikin 1991, an ba ta lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Vancouver. [3]
Fahrni ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1992 a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada. [10]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin sunayen masu fafutukar zaman lafiya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitsula, James M. (Spring 2003). "Reviewed Work: No Plaster Saint: The Life of Mildred Osterhout Fahrni by Nancy Knickerbocker". Labour / Le Travail. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Canadian Committee on Labour History and Athabasca University Press. 51: 282–284. doi:10.2307/25149348. JSTOR 25149348.Pitsula, James M. (Spring 2003). "Reviewed Work: No Plaster Saint: The Life of Mildred Osterhout Fahrni by Nancy Knickerbocker". Labour / Le Travail. 51. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Canadian Committee on Labour History and Athabasca University Press: 282–284. doi:10.2307/25149348. JSTOR 25149348.
- ↑ "The Regina Manifesto (1933) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Programme". Socialist History. Socialist History. July 1933. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Mildred Fahrni fonds". The University of British Columbia. The University of British Columbia. Retrieved 21 July 2015."Mildred Fahrni fonds". The University of British Columbia. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: The University of British Columbia. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ Cohn, Werner (Winter 1985–1986). "Persecution of Japanese Canadians and the Political Left in British Columbia December 1941 - March 1942". BC Studies. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Werner Cohn (68): 3–22. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ Flores Asturias, Ricardo (6 June 2011). "Las Mujeres no Votan Porque Sí: Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres, 1947". Politica y Sentido Comun (in Spanish). Ricardo Flores Asturias. Retrieved 19 June 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "The Inquirer — 1954 to 1958". Spirit-wrestlers. Spirit-wrestlers. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ Brant Castellano, Marlene; Archibald, Linda; DeGagné, Mike (2008). "Doukhobors" (PDF). From Truth to Reconciliation Transforming the Legacy of Residential Schools. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Aboriginal Healing Foundation Research Series: 240–241. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ Tarasoff, Koozma (May 2010). "The Quaker / Doukhobor Connection" (PDF). The Canadian Friend. Victoria, Canada: Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada. 106 (2): 5. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ Brittain, Vera (1964). "The Commonwealth Story" (PDF). The Rebel Passion. Fellowship of Reconciliation: 134–137. Retrieved 21 July 2015.Brittain, Vera (1964). "The Commonwealth Story" (PDF). The Rebel Passion. Fellowship of Reconciliation: 134–137. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ↑ "1992 Legislative Session: 1st Session, 35th Parliament (Hansard)". Legislature BC. British Columbia Legislative Assembly. 13 April 1992. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Kara karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Knickerbocker, Nancy. Babu Saint Plaster: Rayuwar Mildred Osterhout Fahrni, 1900-1992 Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada: Talonbooks (2001) ( )