Millicent Baxter

Millicent Baxter
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Christchurch (en) , 8 ga Janairu, 1888
ƙasa	Sabuwar Zelandiya
Mutuwa	Dunedin (en) , 3 ga Yuli, 1984
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	John Macmillan Brown
Mahaifiya	Helen Connon
Yara	view James K. Baxter (en)
Ahali	Viola Macmillan Brown (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Newnham College (en) University of Sydney (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	peace activist (en)

Millicent Amiel Baxter (8 Janairu 1888 - 3 Yuli 1984) ɗan gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya ne kuma mai son zaman lafiya a New Zealand.

Rayuwar farko

Baxter ita ce babbar 'yar John Macmillan Brown, ɗaya daga cikin farfesoshi na farko na Kwalejin Jami'ar Canterbury, Christchurch, da Helen Connon, shugabar makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Christchurch kuma mace ta farko da ta kammala digiri tare da girmamawa a cikin Daular Burtaniya. Baxter da 'yar uwarta Viola sun girma a cikin babban gidan Fendalton tare da mai mulki da darussa daga mahaifiyarta.

Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutu a 1903, Baxter ya tafi ya zauna tare da dangi a Sydney kuma ya yi karatu a can a Kwalejin Ladies Presbyterian da Jami'ar Sydney, ta kammala karatun BA a Latin, Faransanci da Jamusanci a 1908.

Rayuwar manya

A cikin 1909, Baxter da mahaifinta sun yi tafiya zuwa Ingila da Turai tare. Bayan ya koma New Zealand, ta shiga Newnham College, Cambridge, don karanta harsuna, sa'an nan kuma tafi Jamus don karanta Jamusanci da kuma tsohon Faransa. Ta koma New Zealand yayin da yakin duniya na farko ya barke, kuma ta gudanar da aikin yaki ga kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta New Zealand da Asusun Lady Liverpool. A tsakiyar shekara ta 1918, wata kawarta ta nuna mata wata wasiƙa da Archibald Baxter ya rubuta zuwa ga iyayensa, da ke kwatanta irin azabar da yake sha a Faransa a matsayin wanda ya ƙi saboda imaninsa . Baxter ya ce game da wannan wasiƙar "ya canza ra'ayi na game da siyasa da duk wani abu na rayuwa."

A cikin 1920, an ba Baxter aiki a Kwalejin 'Yan Mata ta Wellington, duk da haka mahaifinta ya nace cewa ta koma Dunedin tare da shi a maimakon haka. Ta tafi, kuma lokacin da Macmillan Brown ya tafi tafiya, Baxter ya koyar a wurinsa. Yayin da yake Otago, Baxter ya nemi Archibald a gidan danginsa da ke Brighton - sun yi soyayya kuma sun yi aure a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun 1921, duk da adawa mai karfi daga Macmillan Brown dangane da rarrabuwar kawuna a asalinsu. Ma'auratan sun sayi gona a Kuri Bush, kuma sun yi noma a can na tsawon shekaru tara masu zuwa. Baxters suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Terence a 1922 da Jim a 1926. Jim ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na New Zealand, James K. Baxter .

Tsawon rayuwarta, Baxter na da hannu da yakin neman zaman lafiya. A cikin 1931, ita da Archie sun kafa Reshen Dunedin na No More War Movement, wanda ke da nufin kawo ƙarshen aikin soja da ƙarfafa kwance damara. A ƙarshen 1930s iyali sun yi tafiya zuwa Turai kuma sun halarci taron kasa da kasa na 'yan adawa na yaki a Copenhagen, sun gana da wasu masu zaman lafiya a can. Komawa cikin New Zealand, an ƙaddamar da aikin soja a cikin 1941 kuma Baxter ya kasance mai ƙarfi mai goyon bayan waɗanda suka ƙi saboda imaninsu, yana halartar taron sauraren kararrakinsu da masu fafutukar neman 'Yan Majalisa (MPs) da jami'ai don isassun sharuɗɗan tsare su. An tsare danta Terence daga 1941 zuwa 1945 a matsayin mai adawa da shi, amma James ya yi matashi da ba za a iya shigar da shi aikin soja ba.

A cikin 1950s, bukatun Baxter sun koma kwance damarar makaman nukiliya. Ta shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Association of New Zealand, Amnesty International, da kuma zaman lafiya kungiyar Voice of mata. Har ila yau, a cikin 1950s, Baxter ta koma ga ƙaunarta ta ƙuruciyarta na ilimin halitta da yanayi, wanda iyayenta suka renon a kan "yawon shakatawa na ilimi" a cikin New Zealand da kasashen waje. Ta shiga kungiyar Dunedin Naturalists' Field Club kuma ta shirya tafiye-tafiyen filin su, ta haɓaka lambun kanta kuma a kan tafiya zuwa Dunstan tare da Archie, ta sami sabon nau'in shuka - Gingidium baxterii.

Daga baya rayuwa

Archie ya mutu a cikin 1970, kuma Baxter ya sayar da gidansu a Brighton kuma ya koma Kaikorai Valley, a Dunedin. A cikin 1981, ta buga tarihin rayuwarta, Memoirs of Millicent Baxter . An kwantar da Baxter a asibiti saboda karyewar kugu a 1983 kuma ya mutu a 1984.

A cikin Nuwamba 2015, an buga tarihin rayuwar Penny Griffith na rayuwar Baxter, "Daga cikin inuwa: Rayuwar Millicent Baxter".