Miriam Makeba
Zenzile Miriam Makeba (/məˈkeɪbə/ mə-KAY-bə, [1] [2] Xhosa: [máˈkʼêːɓà̤] ⓘ; 4 Maris 1932 - 9 Nuwamba 2008), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Mama Africa, mawaƙiyar Afirka ta Kudu ce, marubuci, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. Haɗe da nau'ikan kiɗan da suka haɗa da Afroop, jazz, da kiɗan duniya, ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan wariyar launin fata da gwamnatin tsirarrun fararen fata a Afirka ta Kudu.
An haife ta a Johannesburg ga iyayen Swazi da Xhosa, Makeba an tilasta mata samun aikin yi tun tana karama bayan mutuwar mahaifinta. Ta yi wani ɗan gajeren aure da ake zargin an yi mata aure na farko tana da shekara 17, ta haifi ɗa tilo a shekarar 1950, kuma ta tsira daga cutar kansar nono. An san gwanintar muryarta tun tana ƙarama, kuma ta fara rera waƙa a cikin 1950s, tare da 'yan'uwan Cuban, Manhattan Brothers, da ƙungiyar mata duka, Skylarks, suna yin cakuda jazz, waƙoƙin gargajiya na Afirka.[3]
Shekarun farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarantaka da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Zenzile Miriam Makeba a ranar 4 ga Maris 1932 a cikin bakar fata na Prospect, kusa da Johannesburg, a matsayin ɗiya tilo ga mahaifinta kuma na shida ga mahaifiyarta. Mahaifinta Xhosa, Caswell Makeba, malami ne; ya rasu tana da shekara shida. Mahaifiyarta Swazi, Christina Makeba, ma'aikaciyar gida ce; a baya ta rabu da mijinta na farko kuma ta hadu kuma ta auri Caswell jim kadan bayan haka. Daga baya Makeba ta ce kafin a samu cikin ta, an gargade mahaifiyarta cewa duk wani ciki da zai yi a nan gaba zai iya mutuwa. Miriam ko mahaifiyarta da alama ba za su tsira ba bayan naƙuda da kuma haihuwa. Kakar Maryamu, wadda ta halarci haihuwar, sau da yawa takan furta uzenzile, kalmar Xhosa da ke nufin "ka kawo wannan a kanka", ga mahaifiyar Maryamu a lokacin da ta warke, wanda ya sa ta sanya wa 'yarta suna "Zenzile[4]
Kyaututtuka da karramawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haɗin gwiwar 1965 na Makeba tare da Harry Belafonte sun sami lambar yabo ta Grammy, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mawallafin rikodi na farko na Afirka da ta sami wannan lambar yabo.[5] ][6] An nada ta Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata na Afirka kuma an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta nasara a rayuwarta a lambar yabo ta Kora ta 1996.[[7] [8] A Kyautar Kiɗa na Afirka ta Kudu (SAMAs), ta sami lambobin yabo guda biyar: Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata da Mafi kyawun kundi na zamani na Afirka don kundin album ɗinta na 2000 Homeland a bikin na takwas a 2001, tare da lambobin yabo na mafi kyawun kundi na zamani da Best Jazz Vocal album don 2003 album ɗinta na 2003, kundi na Stockholm Livelo Reflections, da kuma mafi kyawun kundi na Sweden, Bern Livelo don kundinta na 2001. 1966, a buki na goma a 2004