Mississippi a Afirka
 Mississippi a Afirka | |
|---|---|
colony (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Farawa | 1837 |
| Suna saboda | Mississippi da Afirka |
| Ƙasa | Laberiya |
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) | 1842 |
Mississippi-in-Africa wani yanki ne a kan Pepper Coast (Yammacin Afirka) wanda aka kafa a cikin shekarun 1830 ta hanyar Kungiyar Mulkin Mallakan Amurka ta Mississippi kuma 'yantattun mutanen Amurka masu launin fata ne suka zauna a wurin, da yawa daga cikinsu tsoffin bayi. A ƙarshen shekarun 1840, wasu tsoffin bayi 300 daga Prospect Hill Plantation da sauran kadarorin Isaac Ross a Lardin Jefferson County, Mississippi, sune mafi yawan rukuni na masu ƙaura zuwa sabon yankin na mulkin mallaka. Ross ya 'yantar da bayi don ganin damarsa kuma ya ba da damar sayar da gonarsa don biyan kuɗin sufuri da sauran bukatu.
Bayin da aka 'yantar da sauran baƙi na Amurka a yankin mulkin mallaka da maƙwabtantansu, Laberiya (wanda ya haɗa da Mississippi-a Afirka a 1842) da Jamhuriyar Maryland (wanda ya haɗu da Laberiya a 1857) sun cigaba a matsayin Americo-Liberians, kabila wanda ya samar da ƙwararrun 'yan siyasa da masana tattalin arziki. Sun mamaye abin da ya zama ƙasar Laberiya mai zaman kanta a ƙarshen karni na 20, bayan sun karɓi iko a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yankin mulkin mallaka na Mississippi ya wanzu a inda a yanzu a ka fi sani da Lardin Sinoe, Laberiya.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa American Colonization Society a Amurka a cikin 1816 a matsayin aikin hadin gwiwa ta hanyar masu ba da shawara game da bautar da masu adawa da bautar don kafa mulkin mallaka ga baƙi na Amurka a Yammacin Afirka. Masu mallakar bayi suna so su sake fitar da 'yanci masu launin fata daga Kudu, saboda sun yi imanin cewa' yanci baƙi suna barazana ga kwanciyar hankali na al'ummomin bayi. Wasu wadanda suka goyi bayan kawar da bautar sun yi imanin cewa jigilar bayi da aka 'yantar zuwa Afirka zai ba su damar samun al'ummominsu. Da yake sun yi sanyin gwiwa saboda nuna bambanci da baƙar fata masu 'yanci ke fuskanta a Arewa, wasu masu adawa da abolitionists sun goyi bayan ACS, saboda sun yi tunanin baƙar fata mai 'yanci na iya ƙirƙirar al'umma mafi kyau ga kansu a Afirka.
Yawancin baƙi masu 'yanci ba sa son yin ƙaura; sun ɗauki shirin mulkin mallaka a matsayin hanyar fitar da su. Sun yi imanin cewa suna da'awar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka, sun kasance wani ɓangare na al'umma, kuma suna so su sami daidaito a ƙasarsu. Samuel Cornish da John Brown Russwurm sun buga Freedom's Journal a Birnin New York, suna rubuta labaran da suka yi adawa da yunkurin mulkin mallaka.
A watan Yunin 1831, manyan masu shuka da masu bautar Stephen Duncan, Isaac Ross (1760-1838), Edward McGehee (1786-1880), John Ker (1789-1850), da kuma malami Jemeriah Chamberlain (1794-1851), shugaban Kwalejin Oakland, sun kafa kungiyar Mississippi Colonization Society. Manufar su ita ce cire 'yanci masu launin fata da kuma' yanci bayi daga jiharsu zuwa mulkin mallaka mai tasowa na Laberiya a nahiyar Afirka. Wannan Kungiyar ta sayi wani yanki na ƙasa don mulkin mallaka, wanda aka sani da Mississippi-in-Africa. Sun yi imanin cewa baƙi masu 'yanci suna barazana ga kwanciyar hankali na al'ummomin bayi, kuma yawan mutanen Mississippi suna da mafi yawan bayi, sun fi fararen fata da kashi uku zuwa ɗaya.[1]
Mazauna na farko sun isa a shekara ta 1837. An gina garin Greenville a cikin kimanin 1838 ta masu mulkin mallaka. An sanya sunan Greenville ne bayan Alkalin James Green, daya daga cikin masu shuka na farko na Mississippi Delta don aika ƙungiyar tsoffin bayi zuwa Laberiya.
Josiah Finley, ɗan'uwan wanda ya kafa ACS Robert Finley, ya kasance gwamnan Mississippi-a Afirka daga Yuni 1837 zuwa Satumba 10, 1838, lokacin da masunta na yankin suka kashe shi.
Isaac Ross ya ba da izinin sakin bayinsa a cikin nufinsa, idan sun amince da komawa Afirka ta Yamma. Za a sayar da gonarsa don samar da kudade don sufuri da kayan aiki ga mazauna majagaba. Wani jikan ya kalubalanci nufin, amma Babban Kotun Kuskuren da Daukaka kara ta Mississippi ta amince da shi (tun lokacin da aka sake masa suna Kotun Koli ta Mississippi). A ƙarshen shekarun 1840, kimanin 'yan Afirka na Afirka 300 daga Ross's Prospect Hill Plantation sun yi hijira zuwa Mississippi-in-Africa. Su ne rukuni mafi girma na masu mulkin mallaka na Amurka da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Laberiya.
Jikan Ross kuma magaji Isaac Ross Wade ya kalubalanci nufin ta hanyar shekaru na shari'a, a lokacin da ya mamaye gonar. Ya kamata Wade ya biya 'yanci don aikinsu. A cikin 1847 kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa bayi, a lokacin da suke da 'yanci, za su iya barin Amurka. A cikin 1848 ƙungiyar ƙarshe ta bayin Ross da aka 'yantar sun yi hijira zuwa mulkin mallaka a Yammacin Afirka. Ƙungiyar Kolonization ta Mississippi ce ta shirya hanyar zuwa Afirka. Ya sayi ƙasa a kan Pepper Coast don mulkin mallaka ga 'yanci daga Mississippi. Marigayi Ross shine na farko daga cikin wadanda suka kafa shi da ya shirya don sakin bayinsa.
'Yanci sun haɓaka al'umma a Yammacin Afirka kamar wanda suka bar amma suna ɗaukar matsayi mafi girma dangane da' yan asalin ƙasar. Sun gina gidaje a cikin salon manyan gidaje na Kudancin kuma sun kafa al'umma mai matsayi tare da ci gaba mai ƙarfi ga abin da suka sani a Amurka. Sun kafa shuke-shuke kuma sun yi yaƙi da kabilun yankin don kula da yankin, suna gaskata al'adunsu na Amurka da Kiristanci sun sa su fi girma. Wannan sulhu ya wanzu da kansa daga 1835 har zuwa 1842, lokacin da aka kafa shi cikin Commonwealth na Laberiya. A cikin 1847 Laberiya ta sami 'yanci daga American Colonization Society .
Tarihin ɗan jarida Alan Huffman game da sulhu ya bincika tasirinsa wajen ba da gudummawa ga fiye da ƙarni ɗaya na ƙiyayya tsakanin yawancin ƙabilar da Americo-Liberians, zuriyar masu mulkin mallaka waɗanda suka mamaye siyasa da tattalin arzikin Laberiya har zuwa ƙarni na 20. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun kasance a bangarori daban-daban na yakin basasa a Laberiya tun daga shekarun 1980.
Jerin lokaci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yuni 1831 - An kafa kungiyar mulkin mallaka ta Mississippi
- 1835 - Mississippi da Louisiana State Colonization al'ummomin sun sami Mississippi-in-Africa mulkin mallaka
- Yuni 1837 - Josiah Finley ya zama gwamna
- Satumba 10, 1838 - An kashe Finley
- 1841 - Thomas Buchanan mai suna Wakilin Wakilin (amma ba a cikin zama ba)
- 1842 - Haɗuwa cikin Commonwealth na Laberiya
- 1844 - Richard E. Murray ya zama gwamna [2]