Mmanthatisi

Mmanthatisi
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Mmanthatisi (wanda kuma ya rubuta Manthatisi ko MMANthatisi kuma an rubuta shi cikin kuskure kamar ' Mantatee ', ' Ma Nthisi, Mantatise ; c. 1784 - 1847) ita ce shugabar mutanen Tlokwa a lokacin tsirarun ɗanta daga 1813 har zuwa 1824. Ta hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin mai rike da sarautar danta, Sekonyela, (Lentsha) bayan rasuwar mijinta Kgosi Mokotjo (kgosi na baya). Mmanthatisi an san shi a matsayin jagora mai ƙarfi, jajirtacce kuma ƙwararren shugaba, duka a lokacin zaman lafiya da yaƙi. Mabiyanta suna kiranta da Mosesanyane (karamar) saboda siririn jikinta.

Duk da cewa kabilarta ana kiranta Balefe, amma a zamaninta, turawan Ingila sun fara kiransu da boo-Mmanthatisi ko Manthatee Horde. A tsakiyar yake-yaken Mfecane/Difaqane - lokacin gudun hijira mai yawa, Mmanthatisi ta yi amfani da karfinta, sadaukarwa, jarumtaka da jarumtaka wajen hada kan mutanenta, duk da hare-haren da kungiyar Nguni ke yawan kaiwa.

Rayuwar farko

Mmanthatisi lokacin haihuwa Monyaduwe . Ita 'yar Mothaha ce, shugabar kabilar Basia, kuma an haife ta a lardin Free State na Afirka ta Kudu a yanzu, a yankin garin Harrismith na yau. An siffanta ta da kyakkyawa, tsayi da haske, kyakkyawar yarinya, an ce tana da kyawawan halaye kuma ana sha'awarta da kaifin basira. Mmanthatisi ya girma kusa da Ntswanatsatsi, gidan almara na ’yan Adam. Basia, mutanen Wild Cat, an san su da rashin haɗin gwiwa a mafi kyau, yaki a mafi muni. A cikin wakokin yabo na wadannan mutane na Kuren daji, an ce

“their shields dried outside in the field of battle, and not in their huts, where they remained wet with blood. A gruesome image, indeed, and it came from the frequency with which the Basia engaged in battle so that their shields kept dripping the blood of their victims. So the Batlokwa, who were also inclined to fight rather than flee, had a leader with warrior blood in her veins – Mmanthatisi”.

Batlokwa (Ma-Ana Nkwe) reshe ne na dangin Bakgatla na al'ummomin Sotho-Tswana masu magana da Bantu waɗanda suka samo asali daga Manyan Tafkuna da Arewacin Afirka ta Tsakiya. A lokacin Kgosi Mokotjo (mijin Mmanthisi), Batlokwa ya zauna a Nkwe (wanda kuma ya rubuta Nkoe) sannan daga baya ya koma Sefate. Sunan babban birnin Batlokwa ya nuna alamar su - damisa. Wannan yanki na Nkwe/Sefate a Verkykerskop kusa da Harrismith (Thaba-Nchu) wanda Batlokwa ya mamaye, an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin tarihi na lardi a cikin Free State a cikin 2016.

Mmanthisi ya zama Motlokwa

Tun tana karama, aka aurar da ita ga wani kani mai suna Mokotjo, wanda shi ne shugaban Batlokwa. Su biyun sun yi aure a cikin ƙawance na al'ada. An haifi yaronsu na farko, diya mace a shekara ta 1800 kuma ana kiranta Nthatisi. Al'ada ce a al'adar Basotho na fasaha ga mace ta ɗauki sabon suna yayin aurenta tare da prefix Mma- wanda ke nufin uwa, sannan sunan ɗanta ya biyo baya. Haka Monyaduwe ta zama MMANthatisi (ko Mmanthatisi) domin ɗanta na fari sunanta Nthatisi. An haifi ɗa na biyu, ɗa mai suna Sekonyela, a cikin 1804 kuma ya zama magaji ga sarauta, kuma an haifi ɗa na biyu, Mota, daga baya.

Mulki

Mokotjo ya mutu a shekara ta 1813, yana dan shekara 27 kuma Mmanthisi ya zama mai mulkin Sekonyela, wanda ya yi karancin shekaru ya yi mulki. Mokotjo ya mutu ne sakamakon rashin lafiya yayin da yake kokarin neman yankin Hohobeng daga hakimin Batlokwa - Lebaka . Ya kamu da cuta, ya mutu, kuma aka mayar da gawarsa Nkwe don binne shi. Mmanthatisi ta ci gaba da dangantaka da Basia, tana tattaunawa da mashawartan Basia kuma ta aika danta don a girma a gidan ɗan'uwanta, Basia. A lokacin mutuwar Mokotjo, Sekonyela yana da shekaru tara kacal, kuma zai kara shekaru goma kafin ya isa mulki. Haka abin ya faru da mahaifiyar Mokotjo Ntlo-Kholo wadda ta auri Montoedi. Lokacin da Montoedi ya rasu, Ntlo-Kholo ya yi sarauta har sai da Mokotjo ya girma.

Sehalahala wanda ɗan'uwan Mokotjo ne ya yi adawa da jagorancin Mmanthatisi kuma yana jin cewa ita baƙo ce (kamar yadda aka haife ta a Mosia) kuma mutane suna so a yi musu mulkin Motlokwa "tsabta". Wasu kuma sun ji haushin yadda mace ta jagorance su. Duk da haka, Mmanthisi ya kasance da jajircewa da kuma ƙarfin gwiwa yayin da take jagorantar Batlokwa. Lokacin da Sekonyela ya isa yin kaciya, Mmanthatisi ta aika da shi zuwa ga mutanenta na Basia, ta cire shi a minti na ƙarshe daga bikin BaTlokwa da ta hana shi halarta tun farko. Sekonyela ya samu rakiyar ɗan'uwan Mmanthisi, Letlala, don tabbatar da cewa yana cikin koshin lafiya. Kafin mutuwarsa, Mokotjo ya riga ya faɗakar da Mmanthatisi ya yi hattara da manyan ƴaƴan mata ta biyu na mahaifinsa - Moepi da Sehalahala - waɗanda suka yi barazana ga rayuwarsa lokacin yana ƙarami. Mokotjo ya yi imanin cewa babbar barazana ce ga rayuwar magajinsa.

Batlokwa ta yi auren lefi, kuma bayan ta yi takaba ta sake yin aure da surukinta, Sehalahala, wanda ta haifi ɗa. Saboda tasowar daular Zulu ta soja, Mmanthisi ta yanke shawarar matsar da kabilarta zuwa yamma. A cikin 1817, mayaƙanta sun jagoranci farmaki a kan Ndwandwe, sun kama da yawa daga cikin shanunsu. Wannan da sauran nasarorin sun haifar da haɗin gwiwa tare da mutanen Hlubi, da kuma kai hari kan yankin Moshoeshoe (wanda daga baya zai zama babban hafsan Basutolandi na farko). An yi kiyasin cewa Mmanthisi ya jagoranci tsakanin 35,000 zuwa 40,000 a lokacin da aka fadada kungiyar Tlokwa.

Nasara

A cikin 1822, lokacin Yaƙin Mfecane/Difaqane, AmaHlubi (a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mpangazitha) da AmaNgwane (Matiwane ya jagoranta) sun kai hari Mmanthisi da gidanta. An ce da sanyin safiya ne suka kai wa Mmanthatisi da mabiyanta hari domin a kama su. Ko da yake ba su shirya ba, jarumar ta jaruman sun yi yaƙi da Mpangazitha da dakarunsa. Duk da haka wannan babban rashin nasara ne ga Mmanthisi wanda ya yi nasarar guduwa zuwa gidan ɗan'uwanta Letlala, tare da wasu mutanenta. A cikin dare ɗaya, duniyar Batlokwa ta canza har abada. Sun yi asarar gidajensu, yawancin shanunsu da dukiyoyinsu. Ba wai kawai ba, amma da yawa sun rasa danginsu ko ta hanyar mutuwa ko kuma an bar su a baya ga rahamar mahara. Dan uwanta ya gayyace ta da zama amma ta ki kamar yadda wasu daga cikin mabiyanta suka shirya daukar shanun masu masaukin baki. Kgosi. Nkgahle, na Batlokwa ba Mokgalong, wanda ke zaune a kusa, ya ba da wuri mai tsarki da taimako, amma wannan kuma ta ƙi. Ta ji tsoron rasa 'yancin kai na kabilarta, musamman da yake reshen Mokgalong shine babban masarauta a Batlokwa ba Mokotleng . Har ila yau, tana da dalilin gaskata cewa Nkgahle ya shiga cikin wata yaudara da nufin sauke ta, don haka ba ta amince da shi ba. Ta kuma damu cewa Mpangazitha na iya bin hanyarsu ta zo ta gama da su sannan kuma ta mamaye mutanen da aka haife ta. Mmanthatisi maimakon haka ta zaɓi ta jagoranci mabiyanta zuwa yamma da yin abin da aka san mutanenta da shi, wato yaƙi.

Hare-haren nasu ya fusata har Mmanthatisi da mabiyanta suka tilastawa barin duk abin da suka mallaka suka gudu. Suka kuma ci karo da mutanen da suka mamaye yankunan kusa da kogin Vaal na sama, suka kore su daga ƙasarsu. Wasu ƙananan kabilu sun shiga Mmanthisi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinta don neman tsaro. Ƙabilar ta girma kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara yin barna ga ƙabilun Sotho waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da Kogin Caledon. Mmanthisi ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai har ta sa waɗanda aka kashe su yi amfani da sunanta don kwatanta maharan. Don girma kabilarta, ta tilasta maƙiyan da aka kama su zama wani ɓangare na rundunarta. An kashe mutane da dama kuma an shafe kusan kabilu 28.

Suna

A lokacin mulkinta, Mmanthatisi ta yi mulki a kan mutane 40,000, tana gudanar da ayyukan sarki, tuntuɓar dattawa don shawara, ciyar da ikonta na soja da na siyasa da kuma yanke hukunci a kan jayayya. Da shigewar lokaci, batutuwanta sun fara kiran kansu a matsayin Manthatisis, bisa ga yadda ta saba yi wa manyan sarakuna. Ana ta yada jita-jita cewa tana da ido daya a goshinta kuma tana ciyar da mabiyanta da nononta. Ƙabilun da suka san wannan, suka tsoratar da ita kuma ba su yi ƙoƙari su haɗa kai da juna ba. Shahararriyar hankalinta, wani lokaci da sojojinta suka tafi, Mmanthatisi ta hana kai hari ta hanyar tattara dukkan matan tare da sanya su cikin sahu a gaban sansanin. A gabansu ta ajiye mazajen da suka rage a zangon. Mutanen nan sun yi ta buga tabarbare da faratsan da matan suka ɗauka. Lokacin da aka duba shi daga nesa, ya ba da kamanni mai ƙarfi na mayaka, wanda ya ba da dakata ga Mpangazitha - ɗan AmaHlubi Chief, Bhungane. Mpangazitha ya yi fatan ganin sansanin ba shi da kariya, duk da haka wannan sabon binciken ya sa shi dakatar da aikin ya yi sabon shiri. Mulkinta na mamayar soji ya kai har zuwa tsakiyar zamanin Botswana. A lokacin da take da karfin soja da na siyasa, an kiyasta sojojinta na dauke da mayaka kusan dubu arba'in. Tun da ta bar Nkwe, Mmanthatisi ta yi nasarar fatattakar duk 'yan adawa a yankunan da ta ci karo da su. Gudun nasararta za ta ƙare a Yaƙin Dithakong lokacin, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1823, ta sha babban kaye wanda Robert Moffat ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa kusa da Kuruman na yau. Peter Becker ya bayyana ci gaban daya daga cikin ayyukansa lokacin da yake cewa:

“A halin da ake ciki, Mmanthatisi yana gabatowa tare da maza, mata da yara dubu arba’in; a watan Janairun 1823 ne, lokacin da ake noma amfanin gona, yawanci abinci yana da yawa. Amma an tilasta wa Manthatisis yin rayuwa cikin taƙawa, domin ya kasance mai girma hargitsin da Difaqane gabaɗaya ya kawo da kuma wawashe Mmanthatisi, Mpangazitha da Matiwane musamman cewa ƙabilu duka sun bace daga matsugunansu tun kafin su yi noman gonakinsu a shirye-shiryen shuka. Hakika, Plateau ta Tsakiya ta cika da ’yan fashi da yunwa da kuma kananan ’yan fashi da makami. Baya ga tushen, kwararan fitila da berries, akwai ɗan abinci da za a samu a cikin veld, tabbas bai isa ba don ciyar da manyan mutane kamar na Manthatisi.

Yaƙin Dithakong 23 ga Yuni 1823

An gwabza yakin Dithakong tsakanin rundunar Manthatisi da Batlhaping tare da taimakon Griqua . Yaƙin da ya ɗauki kusan sa'o'i bakwai, Robert Moffat ne ya rubuta shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1823 inda BaThlaping suka sami kansu cikin barazanar dubban Batlokwa/Basotho na Mmanthisi - Phuting da Hlakwana. Ƙabilun sun yi yaƙi da juna saboda raguwar kayayyaki na shanu da masara. Suna dauke da makamai, suna jin yunwa da niyyar kai farmaki ga shanun BaThlaping. Wannan hatsaniya tana ta birgima zuwa yamma - a wajen Kuruman . Reverend Moffat ya garzaya daga Kuruman zuwa Griquatown don shawo kan Griqua don taimakawa BaThlaping. Reverend Waterboer a Griquatown, wanda wasu shugabannin Griqua suka taimaka (Barend Barends daga Danielskuil da Adam Kok II daga Campbell) sun hau arewa tare da mutane kusan 200. Sun kasance tare da mayaka na BaTlhaping.

Kimanin mahayan Griqua 200 ne karkashin jagorancin Barend Barends, dauke da bindigogi, sun fuskanci taron jama'ar Basotho dauke da mashi da garkuwar shanu. An tsare tsarin shekarun BaTlhaping a ajiye yayin da Griqua suka kaddamar da harin nasu.

Basotho ya yi mummunan rauni an tilasta musu guduwa, mummunan rauni da kuma asara ta farko ga Mmanthisi bayan shafe kusan kabilu 29 tun barin Harrismith a farkon Difaqane . Duk da haka, mafi wadata daga cikin sarakunan Bechuana, Makaba na Bangwaketsi, ya yanke shawarar yakar Manthatisi a gaba. Peter Becker ya ce:

“A halin da ake ciki, tsohon Hafsan ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai mika wuya ga Mmanthisi ba ba tare da fada ba. Ya kira duk wani mayaki da ya ke da shi, ya tsare duk wata hanya da za ta kai shi babban birninsa, tare da yaudarar da ya shahara da ita, ya shirya tarko da ya shirya ya jagoranci maharansa.

An gwabza yaki an kashe daruruwan mahara. Mmanthatisi sai ta yanke shawarar korar sojojinta ta koma gabas tare da rundunanta. Wannan ya sanya Makaba ya zama shugaban Tswana na farko da ya fatattaki gagarumin sojojin Mmanthisi.

Sojojin Birtaniya sun hana ta shiga yankin Cape Colony da ke kusa da Aliwal North .

A cikin tattakinta na komawa cikin Jiha ta 'Yanci ta yau, Mmanthatisi ta tilastawa Bataung da Bafokeng ƙetare kogin Lekwa (Vaal). A wannan lokacin tana neman wurin hutawa domin al'ummarta sun gaji da yaki. Sai suka tunkari Butha-Buthe, wanda Moshoeshoe da mutanensa suka mamaye, suka kore su. Wannan shine lokacin da Moshoeshoe ya zauna a Thaba-Bosiu, yana tserewa Mmanthisi. Ko da yake wasu Turawa na wannan zamani sun bayyana Mmanthisi a matsayin muguwar mace, Mmanthatisi ta kasance shugaba mai ƙarfi, ƙwaƙƙwaran kuma shahararriyar shugaba; a cikin yaki da zaman lafiya. Ba kamar sauran sarakunan da suka fada cikin yakin Difaqane ba, ta yi nasarar hada kan mutanenta a cikin hare-haren da kungiyoyin Nguni ke kaiwa kudancin kasar. A cikin 1824 lokacin da Mmanthatisi ta ji cewa Sekonyela ya balaga, ta yi ritaya kuma Sekonyela ta karɓi ragamar mulki a matsayin mai mulkin Batlokwa na zamantakewa da soja.

Ritaya

Daga nan Botlokwa ya zauna tare da mahadar kogin Senqu da Mahlakeng. Mmanthatisi ta zauna a tsaunin tsaunin Marabeng, yayin da danta da magaji suka zauna a wani kagara kusa, a Jwala-Boholo . Jwala-Boholo - Dutsen Majestic - dake Gabashin Ficksburg a cikin Jihar 'Yanci wani reshe na kabilar Bakoena, wanda aka sani da Marabe ya fara mamaye shi. Daga baya Batlokwa a karkashin jagorancin Mmanthisi suka yi kokawa da su. Wannan kagara na halitta ya zama babban birninta na shekaru da yawa. A nan ne aka shirya mamaye da yawa.

An binne Mmanthisi a kan Jwala-Boholo a shekara ta 1836. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matan soja da shugabannin siyasa na farkon karni na 19 da aka fi sani, kuma aka fi jin tsoro.

Gado

Submarine Manthatisi

SAS Manthatisi (S101) Jirgin ruwa na karkashin ruwa na Heroine a halin yanzu yana aiki tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu ana kiranta da sunanta.

Makarantar Manthatisi

Makarantar Sakandare ta Manthatisi da ke Qwa-qwa ana kiranta da sunanta.

Wani gona da ake kira Verkykerskop kusa da Harrismith da aka taba zama wanda ake kira Nkwe/Sefate ta Batlokwa an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin tarihi na lardi ta Hukumar Albarkatun Lardin Free State a cikin 2014.