Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah
 Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Najaf, 16 Nuwamba, 1935 |
| ƙasa | Lebanon |
| Mutuwa | Berut, 4 ga Yuli, 2010 |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
(liver disease (en)  ) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Abdulraouf Fadlullah |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Larabci |
| Malamai |
Abdulraouf Fadlullah (en) Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei (en) Muhsin al-Hakim (en) Mahmud al-Shahroudi (mul) Hussein al-Hilli (en) Q12219895 |
| Ɗalibai |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Islamic jurist (en) da marji' (en) |
| Wurin aiki | Berut |
| Imani | |
| Addini |
Musulunci Shi'a Ƴan Sha Biyu Usuli (en) |
| IMDb | nm3871885 |
Ayatullahi Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah ( Arabic an haife shine ; a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1935 – ranar 4 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2010) fitaccen malamin Shi'a ne a kasar Labanon - Iraqi sha biyu . An haife shi a birnin Najaf na kasar Iraqi, Fadlallah ya karanta addinin musulunci a Najaf kafin ya koma kasar Lebanon a shekara ta alif 1952. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ya ba da laccoci da yawa, ya shagaltu da neman ilimi, ya rubuta litattafai da dama, ya kafa makarantun addinin Musulunci da dama, ya kafa kungiyar Mabarrat . Ta hanyar ƙungiyar da aka ambata, ya kafa ɗakin karatu na jama'a, cibiyar al'adun mata, da asibitin likita.
A wasu lokuta ana kiran Fadlallah “Mai ba da shawara” na Hizbullah a kafafen yada labarai, duk da cewa wasu majiyoyi sun yi sabani da hakan. Har ila yau, an yi masa yunƙurin kisan kai, ciki har da harin bam da aka kai a Beirut a shekarar alif 1985 .
Mutuwar tasa ta biyo bayan dimbin fitowar jama'a a kasar Labanon, da ziyarar kusan dukkanin manyan jami'an siyasa a fadin kasar ta Lebanon, da kuma bayanan ta'aziyya daga babban yankin gabas ta tsakiya; amma kuma ya haifar da cece-kuce a kasashen Yamma da kuma yin Allah wadai a Isra'ila.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Fadlallah a birnin Najaf na Shi'a na kasar Iraqi a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1935. Iyayensa, Abdulraouf Fadlullah da al-Hajja Raoufa Hassan Bazzi, [1] sun yi hijira zuwa can daga ƙauyen Aynata a kudancin Lebanon a 1928 don koyon tauhidi. A lokacin da aka haife shi, mahaifinsa ya riga ya zama malamin Musulunci. [2]
Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fadlallah ya fara karatunsa ne da koyon alqurani da harafi a darussan hauza a wata makarantar kuttab ta alqurani da ke birnin Najaf, gami da dabarun rubutu da karatu. Daga baya ya fara a makarantar Islamiyya da ke Najaf mai suna Muntada al-Nashir wacce aka kafa kwanan nan a wancan lokacin.
Waka ta ba Fadlallah kwarin gwiwa sosai daga mujallu irin su al-Katib da ake bugawa a Masar kuma tun yana matashi ya fara rubuta wakoki da kansa. Ya kuma nuna ra'ayoyi masu mahimmanci game da mamayar Falasdinu a cikin 1947 ta hanyar buga waƙa ga jama'a tun yana ɗan shekara 12. A lokacin ya fara karatun addini a wata makarantar Hauza . Sai dai makarantar Hawza da ke Najaf ta mayar da hankali ne kawai kan karatun shari’a wanda bai samu karbuwa sosai a wakokinsa ba. Hakan bai hana shi ci gaba da rubuta wakoki ba kuma Najaf yana da makarantar jagora na mawaka mai suna Muntada al-Nashir wanda ya shiga daga baya. Ya kuma samu goyon baya daga kawun nasa wanda shi kansa mawaki ne kuma yana nufin cewa waka na da matukar muhimmanci don samun fahimtar addinin musulunci.
Komawa Lebanon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan shafe shekaru 21 yana karatu a karkashin manyan malamai na jami'ar addini ta Najaf ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1966 ya koma kasar Lebanon. Ya riga ya ziyarci kasar Lebanon a shekarar 1952 inda ya karanta wata waka ta yabon Muhsin al Amin a wajen jana'izar sa.
A shekara ta 1966 Fadlallah ya samu gayyata daga wata kungiya da ta kafa wata al'umma mai suna "The Family of Fraternity" (جمعية أسرة التآخي Jam'iyat Usrat at-Ta'akhi) da ya zo ya zauna da su a yankin Naba'a a Gabas. Beirut . Ya yarda, musamman da sharadin Najaf ya sanya shi fita. [3]
A Naba’a Fadlallah ya fara aikinsa ne da shirya tarurrukan tarurrukan al’adu da gabatar da jawabai na addini wadanda suka shafi al’amuran zamantakewa ma. Waɗannan batutuwan zamantakewa sun haɗa da haɓaka ilimi da ƙwarewa tsakanin al'ummar Lebanon. [3] An ruwaito Fadlallah yana cewa: "Dole ne mu inganta iliminmu da kuma kara samun ilimin kimiyya, idan har ba mu yi amfani da lokacinmu ba a yanzu, ba za mu iya gina makomarmu ko ci gaba a nan gaba ba." [4] Baya ga aikin ilimi da Fadlallah ya yi, ya kuma bude makarantu kamar makarantar Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib da ke Kudancin Lebanon, da cibiyoyin Musulunci kamar babbar cibiyar Musulunci da ke birnin Beirut, da gidajen marayu kamar gidan marayu na Imam Al-Khoei da ke birnin Beirut. Beirut [5]
Ayyukansa na siyasa don haka ya shafi inganta ilimi, kiwon lafiya da ayyukan zamantakewa a Lebanon. [6] A lokacin yakin basasar Lebanon duk da haka, Fadlallah da gwagwarmayar siyasarsa sun kai kololuwa. Sannan ra'ayinsa ya sabawa manyan kasashen yammacin duniya irinsu Isra'ila da Amurka har ma da gwamnatocin Larabawa masu ra'ayin rikau, musamman ga masarautar Saudiyya da ake zargin ta yi yunkurin kashe shi tare da kashe wasu da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba. [6]
Fadlallah da Hizbullah
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Malamai da kafafen yada labarai da dama na kasashen yammacin duniya da na larabawa sun yi ikrarin cewa Fadlallah na cikin kungiyar Hizbullah domin kuwa suna nufin kungiyar ta samu kwarin guiwar ra'ayinsa da jagorancinsa a lokacin da suka bullo da ci gaba a kungiyance. [7] Duk da haka, Fadlallah bai kasance cikin ƙungiyar siyasa ba ko wata cibiyoyin addini na jama'a kamar yadda yake 'sama' siyasa. Ita ma kungiyar Hizbullah ta yi watsi da wannan magana tana mai da'awar cewa Ayatullah Khumaini shi ne tushen tafarkin ruhi da na siyasa, musamman ma dangane da tsayin daka da suke yi da zalunci da mamaya daga kasashen yammacin Turai. [8] Har Fadlallah ya zabi ya ware kansa da juyin juya halin Iran, amma yana da irin wannan matsaya ta adawa da kasashen yamma. [7]
Wasu malaman kuma suna cewa Fadlallah yana da alaqa da Hizbullah. Tunanin addini ne ya zaburar da ra'ayinsa amma ya ci gaba a matsayin martani ga gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin al'umma kuma ya yi imani da karfafa ƙungiyoyin Islama. Tunaninsa da jagorarsa suna da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar addini da siyasa waɗanda ke karkata zuwa ga cimma manufofin Musulunci kuma Hizbullah ita ce tsakiya a fagen siyasa a Labanon. Bugu da kari, mataimakin babban sakataren kungiyar Hizbullah Naim Qassem ya bayyana cewa, kungiyar Hizbullah wacce ta kasance rukuni na farko na kungiyoyin Musulunci daban-daban, ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga Fadlallah da hangen nesansa na gaba. [8]
Yunkurin kisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayinsa na daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin shugabanin Hizbullah, matsayin da shi da kungiyar suka musanta an yi masa yunkurin kisan gilla, ciki har da zargin CIA ta dauki nauyin kai da kuma bayar da kudade 8 Maris 1985 Beirut mota bam da ya kashe mutane 80. .
A ranar 8 ga Maris 1985, wani bam da aka dasa a cikin mota daidai da 440 pounds (200 kg) na dynamite ya fashe da nisan mita 9-45 [9] daga gidansa a Beirut, Lebanon. Fashewar ta lalata wani bene mai hawa 7 da gidan sinima, inda mutane 80 suka mutu sannan wasu 256 suka jikkata. An kai harin ne a daidai lokacin da masu ibada ke fitowa Sallar Juma'a. Galibin wadanda suka mutu ‘yan mata ne da mata da suka fito daga masallacin, kodayake tsananin tashin bam din “ya kona jarirai a gadajensu,” “ya kashe wata amarya da ke siyan wandonta,” da kuma “rasa yara uku a lokacin da suke tafiya gida daga masallaci." Har ila yau, ta "lalata babban titi na jama'a" da ke yammacin Beirut. [10] [11] amma Fadlallah ya tsira daga rauni. Dan jarida Robin Wright ya nakalto labarai a cikin The Washington Post da New York Times yana cewa a cewar CIA, wadanda ke da alhakin tashin bam din "ma'aikatan leken asirin Lebanon ne da sauran baki" wadanda suka kasance "suna samun horon CIA" amma " wannan ba aikin mu [CIA] ba ne kuma ba wani abu ne da muka tsara ko muka sani ba." "Jami'an Amurka da suka firgita daga baya sun soke aikin ba da horo" a Lebanon, a cewar Wright. A cewar Bob Woodward, daraktan hukumar leken asiri ta CIA William Casey na da hannu a harin, wanda ya ce an kai harin ne da kudade daga Saudiyya . "A cikin littafinsa Woodward ya kwatanta Casey a matsayin darakta mai wayo kuma mai tsaurin ra'ayi wanda ya mayar da CIA kayan aikinsa na manufofin ketare. A farkon 1985 rahotanni Woodward, Casey ya tafi "kashe littattafai" don neman taimakon Saudiyya wajen gudanar da ayyuka uku na boye. Na daya shi ne. Yunkurin kashe Sheik Fadlallah, wanda ake alakanta shi da kai harin bam a Beirut, bayan da wannan makircin ya ci tura, in ji Woodward, Saudiyya ta ba Fadlallah cin hancin dala miliyan biyu A daina kai hare-haren ta’addancin da ya yi, kuma an dakatar da kai harin a makon da ya gabata daga kamfanin dillancin labarai na Saudiyya da kuma ofishin Fadlallah. An zargi tsohon shugaban yakin Lebanon kuma dan siyasa marigayi Elie Hobeika a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda ke da alhakin aiwatar da ainihin aikin. [12]
A lokacin yakin Lebanon na 2006, jiragen yakin Isra'ila sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a gidansa mai hawa biyu a unguwar Haret Hreik da ke kudancin Beirut. Fadlallah ba ya gida a lokacin tashin bom, wanda ya mayar da gidan ya zama baragur gaske. [13]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Samer Mohamad Bazzi (1 June 2004). "The Lebanese Armageddon in the New Iraq". Bintjbeil. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ↑ "Biographie". Bayynat. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Baroudi, Sami Emile (January 2013). "Islamist Perspectives on International Relations: The Discourse of Sayyid Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah (1935–2010)". Middle Eastern Studies (in Turanci). 49 (1): 107–133. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.743887. ISSN 0026-3206. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "seb" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Sayyed Fadlullah's Contributions to the Civil Society and the Downtrodden". Islam Times (in Turanci). 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- ↑ "Biographie". Bayynat. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Baroudi, Sami E. (2016-01-02). "The Islamic Realism of Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi (1926–) and Sayyid Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah (1935–2010)". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (in Turanci). 43 (1): 94–114. doi:10.1080/13530194.2015.1067159. ISSN 1353-0194.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 mwhutchi (2015-06-01). "Hezbollah: From Nationalist Militia to Terrorist Group to Both?". Hezbollah UCSC 2015 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Saouli, Adham (2014-01-02). "Intellectuals and Political Power in Social Movements: The Parallel Paths of Fadlallah and Hizbullah". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (in Turanci). 41 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1080/13530194.2014.878509. ISSN 1353-0194.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "ref13" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "A history of car bomb (Part 2)". Asia Times Online. 18 March 2006. Archived from the original on 19 April 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2010.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ "Noam Chomsky". Elmandjra. 26 February 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ↑ "Target America: terrorist attacks on Americans, 1979–1988 ... Bombing of U.S. Embassy annex northeast of Beirut". PBS. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ↑ ""The Assassination of Elie Hobeika" (January 2002)". Archived from the original on 20 July 2009.
- ↑ "Top Lebanese Shiite cleric Fadlallah dies at 75". Yahoo. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.