Motsi na tsauraran ra'ayi

Motsi na tsauraran ra'ayi
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	harkar zamantakewa da political movement (en)
Gudanarwan	temperance worker (en)
In opposition to (en)	alcohol consumption (en)

Hoton 'L'Alcohol ne Poison', 1910, tarin a Jenevermuseum Hasselt

Motsi na tawali'u ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewa da ke inganta tawali'a ko ƙin amfani da Abinci sha. Wadanda suka halarci wannan motsi galibi suna sukar maye ko inganta rashin Shan giya, kuma shugabannin sa suna jaddada mummunan tasirin barasa akan lafiya mutane, mutuntaka, da rayuwar iyali. Yawanci motsi yana inganta Ilimin barasa kuma yana buƙatar wucewa da sabbin dokoki game da sayar da barasa: ko dai ka'idoji game da wadatar barasa, ko haramta shi.

A cikin ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, motsi na kamewa ya zama sananne a ƙasashe da yawa, musamman a cikin Turanci, Scandinavian, da mafi yawan Furotesta, kuma daga ƙarshe ya haifar da haramtacciyar ƙasa a Kanada (a shekara ta 1918 zuwa shekarar 1920), Norway (ruhohi kawai daga 1919 zuwa 1926), Finland (a shekara ta 1919 zuwa shekarar 1932), da Amurka (a shekara ta 1920 zuwa shekarar 1933), da kuma haramtacciya ta lardin a Indiya (a shekara ta 1948 zuwa yanzu). Ƙungiyoyin kamewa da yawa suna inganta kamewa.

Yanayi

Misali na Tasirin dogon lokaci na shan barasa akan kiwon lafiya

A ƙarshen karni na 17 na Arewacin Amurka, barasa wani muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwar mulkin mallaka a matsayin abin sha, magani, da kayan masarufi ga maza, mata, da yara. An yarda da shan giya sosai kuma an haɗa shi gaba ɗaya cikin al'umma; duk da haka, ba a yarda da maye ba. A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Amurka daga kusan 1623, lokacin da ministan Plymouth mai suna William Blackstone ya fara rarraba apples da furanni, har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1800, cider mai wuya shine abin sha na farko na mutane. Hard cider ya kasance sananne a duk wannan lokacin kuma babu wani abu idan aka kwatanta da iyaka ko wadata. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan fannoni na al'adun Amurka da duk yankuna suka raba. Zaman lafiya a kan iyaka sau da yawa ya haɗa da buƙatun doka inda ake buƙatar gonar itatuwan apple masu tsufa da ke ba da 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekaru uku na sasantawa kafin a ba da sunan ƙasa a hukumance. Misali, Kamfanin Ohio ya buƙaci mazauna su dasa bishiyoyin apple guda hamsin da bishiyoyin peach ashirin a cikin shekaru uku. Wadannan shuke-shuke sun tabbatar da sunayen sarauta. A shekara ta 1767, matsakaicin iyalin New England suna cinye ganga bakwai na cider mai wuya a kowace shekara, wanda ya yi daidai da kimanin galan 35 ga kowane mutum. A tsakiyar shekarun 1800, sabbin baƙi da suka zo daga Jamus da sauran wurare sun kara shahararren giya, kuma motsi na tsauraran ra'ayi da ci gaba da fadada yamma ya sa manoma su bar gonakin cider

Tarihi

  Temperance yana daya daga cikin kyawawan halaye da aka jera a cikin littafin Aristotle mai suna Nicomachean Ethics .

A cikin karni na 18, al'adun 'yan asalin Amurka da al'ummomin sun sha wahala sosai ta hanyar barasa, wanda galibi ana ba da shi a cinikin fata, wanda ke haifar da talauci da rushewar zamantakewa. Tun a farkon shekara ta 1737, 'Yan gwagwarmayar' yan asalin Amurka sun fara kamfen akan barasa da kuma doka don hana sayarwa da rarraba abin sha a cikin al'ummomin asali. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, shugabannin kamar Peter Chartier, Sarki Hagler da Little Turtle sun yi tsayayya da amfani da rum da brandy a matsayin kayan kasuwanci, a kokarin kare 'yan asalin Amurka daga canje-canjen al'adu da suka dauka a matsayin masu lalacewa.

A cikin karni na 18, akwai sha'awar giya a Burtaniya. Manyan ɗalibai sun ƙara sukar yawan maye tsakanin ƙananan ɗalibai. Da yake sha'awar matsakaicin matsayi don tsari, kuma ya karu da yawan jama'a a cikin biranen, shan giya ya zama batun muhawara ta kasa. A cikin shekara ta 1743, John Wesley, wanda ya kafa Ikklisiyoyin Methodist, ya yi shelar "cewa sayen, siyarwa, da shan giya, sai dai idan ya zama dole, munanan abubuwa ne da za a guje wa".

A farkon karni na 19 na Amurka, har yanzu ana ɗaukar barasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na abincin Amurka don dalilai masu amfani da zamantakewa. Sau da yawa ana gurɓata ruwa, ba koyaushe ake samun madara ba, kuma kofi da shayi suna da tsada. Tsarin zamantakewa na lokacin ya kuma sa ya zama rashin mutunci ga mutane (musamman maza) su ƙi barasa. : 37 Shan giya ba matsala ba ce, saboda mutane za su sha ƙananan barasa a ko'ina cikin rana; a farkon karni na 19, duk da haka, yawan shan giya da maye ya zama matsaloli waɗanda galibi suka haifar da rushewar iyali. : 37 Al'ummomin temperance na farko, galibi suna da alaƙa da majami'u, suna cikin arewacin New York da New England, amma kawai sun kasance 'yan shekaru. Wadannan al'ummomin da suka fara nuna rashin jin daɗi sun yi kira ga shan giya mai matsakaici (saboda haka sunan "mai tausayi"), amma ba su da tasiri sosai a waje da yankunansu.