Mousa Abu Marzook
 Mousa Abu Marzook | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Rafah, 9 ga Janairu, 1951 (75 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | State of Palestine |
| Mazauni | New Cairo (en)  Damascus |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Ain Shams Colorado State University (mul) Louisiana Tech University (en) |
| Harsuna | Turanci Larabci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
| Mamba | Hamas (mul) Hamas' political bureau (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Mabiya Sunnah |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Hamas (mul) |
Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook (Arabic) ɗan siyasan Palasdinawa ne kuma babban memba na Hamas wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na Ofishin Siyasa na Hamas daga 1992 har zuwa 1996 kuma mataimakin shugaban Ofishin Siyasa na Hamas daga Janairu 1997 har zuwa Afrilu 2013, inda Ismail Haniyeh ya gaje shi.
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
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Iyayen Marzook sun fito ne daga Yibna, (yanzu Yavne, Isra'ila). A lokacin yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948 sun koma sansanin Rafah a Yankin Gaza. [1] An haifi Marzook a can a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1951, ta biyu cikin yara tara. [1] A lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida, ɗan'uwan Marzook Mahmud Abu Marzook ya shiga rundunar yaƙi wacce ta zama ƙungiyar soja ta Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu. Yayinda yake matashi a Rafah, an gabatar da Marzook ga Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, memba na jagorancin sirri na 'yan uwan Musulmi na Masar.[2]
Marzook ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Gaza, ya yi karatun injiniya a Alkahira daga 1970 zuwa 1976, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya a Abu Dhabi. A lokacin, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Muslim Brotherhood . Marzook ya kasance memba na farko na kwamitin Jami'ar Musulunci ta Gaza, wanda Musulmai suka kafa a shekarar 1978. Marzook ya yi tafiya sosai a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin shekarunsa a Abu Dhabi, yana haɓaka alaƙar siyasa da kuɗi don tallafawa burinsa na kafa ƙasar Islama mai zaman kanta a Falasdinu.
A shekara ta 1982, ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a kan biza ta dalibi. Marzook ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin gudanar da gine-gine daga Jami'ar Jihar Colorado, sannan ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniya na Masana'antu daga Jami'an Louisiana Tech.
A shekara ta 1991, ya koma Springfield, Virginia . Marzook ya zauna a Amurka aƙalla shekaru 14, ya sami Green Card a cikin 1990. Ya yi aure tare da 'ya'ya shida.
Haɗin Hamas
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun daga kafa Hamas a ƙarshen 1987, Marzook ya zama babbar muryar siyasa. An zabi Abu Marzook a matsayin shugaban farko na Ofishin Siyasa na Hamas a shekarar 1992, yana kula da ayyukanta daga Arewacin Virginia a karkashin United Association for Studies and Research . A cewar jami'an Amurka, har zuwa kashi 15 cikin 100 na kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na Hamas ya fito ne daga Amurka.[3] Jarida Shlomi Eldar ta yaba da karfin da Abu Marzook ya samu na tara kudade, da kuma alakarsa da masu ba da gudummawa a Turai da Amurka tare da ceton kungiyar da bunkasa ababen more rayuwa a Gaza, gami da shirye-shiryen sabis na zamantakewa. Isra'ila ta yi iƙirarin cewa an yi amfani da wasu kudade don kai hare-hare kan Isra'ila, zargin da Abu Marzouk ya musanta. Tun daga shekara ta 1997 ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Ofishin Siyasa na Hamas.[3] Marzook ya zauna a Jordan daga 1998 zuwa 2001. Daga nan sai ya koma Damascus, Siriya a shekara ta 2001.[4]
Daga 1991 har zuwa 1995, Marzook ya gudanar da tattaunawa ta sirri tare da jami'an gwamnatin Amurka a matsayin shugaban Hamas a Amurka. A lokacin tarurruka, an ruwaito Marzook ya bayyana yanayin Hamas don tattaunawa da Isra'ila kuma ya yi alkawarin ba zai gudanar da ayyukan da Amurka ba. A cewar jami'an Amurka, Marzook ya yi tafiya zuwa Tehran a watan Oktoba 1992 a matsayinsa na ministan harkokin waje na Hamas. A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1993, Marzook ya sake kafa Ofishin Siyasa na Hamas a Amman, ya koma Amurka sau uku ko hudu a kowace shekara don sabunta katin kore da saduwa da jami'an Amurka. A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1995, Firayim Ministan Jordan ya kira Marzook kuma ya kore shi daga Jordan, yana mai da'awar matsin lamba daga Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta dauki Marzook da alhakin kula da sassan Hamas wadanda suka kashe Isra'ilawa 47 tsakanin 1990 da 1994, wanda rundunar soja ta Hamas ta yi ikirarin.
Marzook ya kafa Ƙungiyar Musulunci ta Falasdinu . [5]
An kama shi a Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jami'ai daga Ofishin Shige da Fice da Naturalization sun kama Marzook bayan sun isa Filin jirgin saman John F. Kennedy a Birnin New York a ranar 27 ga Yulin 1995 saboda kasancewarsa a cikin jerin masu sa ido na ta'addanci. Hukumomin Amurka da Isra'ila sun yi iƙirarin cewa Marzook shine shugaban kwamitin siyasa na Hamas kuma ya kafa manufofin siyasa da dabarun kungiyar, gami da ba da izinin amfani da hare-haren ta'addanci. Wasu sun bayyana Marzook a matsayin ministan harkokin waje na Hamas, fuskar jama'a da kuma babban mai tara kudade. An gudanar da Marzook a Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Manhattan. Lauyan Marzook Stanley L. Cohen ya yarda cewa Marzook ya goyi bayan Hamas, amma ya musanta cewa shi jagora ne. Koyaya, Imad Falouji, shugaban Hamas a Gaza, wanda Marzouk ya nada, kusan ya yarda cewa shi shugaban Hamas ne.[6]
Wani alƙali na Amurka ya kammala cewa akwai "matsayin dalili" Marzook yana da alaƙa da bama-bamai a Isra'ila. Watanni biyu bayan kama Marzouk, Isra'ila ta nemi Amurka ta mika shi. Cohen ya ci gaba da wakiltar Marzook bisa doka.[7]
Jagorancin Hamas bayan ɗaurin kurkuku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ya kwashe watanni 22 a kurkuku, an kori Marzook zuwa Jordan a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1997 bayan Isra'ila ta sauke bukatar ta don mika shi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar, Marzook ya bar zama na Amurka. A wani taron manema labarai, Marzook ya ce Hamas ba za ta sake yin niyya ga fararen hula na Isra'ila ba, amma ta ki ta yi Allah wadai da ayyukan tashin hankali a kan Isra'ilawa. Ya yarda da jagorancin bangaren siyasa na Hamas.
A shekara ta 2003, Babban Bankin Jordan ya rufe kadarorin shugabannin Hamas, gami da Marzook a matsayin memba na politburo. An kuma daskare kadarorin shugaban politburo Khaled Mashal, wanda ya kafa Ahmed Yassine, da manyan jami'ai Osama Hamdan da Imad al-Alami.
Bayan da aka zabi Ismail Haniyeh a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Hamas ta Majalisar Shura ta Hamas a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, an nada Marzook a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan biyu na Haniyeh. Marzook ne ke da alhakin dukkan batutuwan waje, yayin da Khaled Mishaal ke da al'amuran da ke cikin Yankin Palasdinawa.
Rayuwa a gudun hijira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2012, Marzook yana zaune a New Alkahira, Misira.[7] A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Gaza a 2023, Marzook yana zaune a Doha, Qatar .
Laifukan aikata laifuka a Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka ta lissafa Marzook a matsayin Mai ta'addanci na Musamman a shekarar 1995, kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin jerin sunayen da aka sake masa suna Ma'aikatu na Musamman a karkashin irin waɗannan rubutun sunansa kamar Dokta Musa Abu-Marzuq, Sa'id Abu-Marzoq, Mousa Mohamed Abou Marzook, Musa Abu Marzouk, da Musa Abu Marzuuk, kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan "Abu-'Umar".[8]
A shekara ta 2002, babban juri na tarayya a Dallas ya mayar da tuhuma a kan Marzook saboda makirci don keta dokokin Amurka da ke hana ma'amala a cikin kudaden ta'addanci. An yi zargin cewa Marzook ya yi makirci da kamfanin Richardson, Kamfanin InfoCom na Texas da ma'aikatansa guda biyar don ɓoye ma'amaloli na kudi tare da kamfanin kwamfuta. An yi zargin cewa ya saka hannun jari na $ 250,000 a cikin InfoCom, tare da Infocom don biyan kuɗi ga Marzook bisa ga ribar kamfanin ko asarar.[9]
A shekara ta 2004, 'yan sanda sun tsare Ismail Elbarasse a Maryland a yammacin Chesapeake Bay Bridge bayan jami'an' yan sanda na Baltimore County sun ce sun ga wata mace (matarsa) a cikin motar da ke yin bidiyon gadar, gami da hotunan igiyoyi da goyon baya na sama na babban tsayi. Elbarasse ya kasance mataimakin Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook, kuma babban juri ne a Birnin Chicago ya kira shi mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ba a tuhuma ba bayan hukumomi sun bincika gidan da abin hawa na Elbarasse kuma sun sami bayanan banki na Marzook ne, mataimakin shugaban bangaren siyasa na Hamas. Wani tuhuma na tarayya ya zargi Marzook da wani makirci wanda hukumomi suka ce ya tara miliyoyin daloli ga Hamas.
A shekara ta 2004, kotun Amurka ta zarge shi da rashin halarta saboda daidaitawa da tallafawa ayyukan Hamas. [10]
Ra'ayoyin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tattaunawa da The ForwardCi gaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Afrilu 2012, Marzook ya ba da abin da aka biya a matsayin "tattaunawar farko da ya yi da littafin Yahudawa", The Forward . [7] Marzook ya ce dole ne a amince da wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Isra'ila da PA ta hanyar kuri'ar raba gardama na dukkanin Falasdinawa, ciki har da na Gaza. Zai dauke ta a matsayin hudna, ko tsagaita wuta, maimakon a matsayin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Idan Hamas ta samu mulki, za su ji 'yancin canza tanadin yarjejeniyar. "Ba za mu amince da Isra'ila a matsayin kasa ba," in ji shi. "Zai zama kamar alakar da ke tsakanin Lebanon da Isra'ila ko Siriya da Isra'ila", wato taurin kai.
The Forward ya nemi hira, wanda ya faru a cikin kwanaki biyu a gidan Marzook a New Alkahira, Misira. [7] The Forward ya buga amsoshin tambayoyin daga "mashahuran masu lura da tsarin zaman lafiya na Gabas ta Tsakiya" guda takwas, Laura Kam na The Israel Project, masanin tsaro na Isra'ila Yossi Alpher, Lara Friedman na Amurkawa don Zaman Lafiya Yanzu, Farfesa Daoud Kuttab na Jami'ar Princeton, Ibrahim Foxman na Anti-Defamation League, mai fafutukar Larabawa-Amurka Hussein Ibish, David Keyes na 'Ci gaba' 'Yancin Dan Adam kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa Nathan Brown
Ayyukan Ginin Tsaro
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan yakin kwana takwas tsakanin Isra'ila da Hamas a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, Moussa Abu Marzouk ya ce Hamas ba za ta daina yin makamai a Gaza ba ko kuma shigo da su zuwa yankin. A cewar Associated Press, Moussa Abu Marzouk shine shugaban No. 2 a Hamas.
Yaƙin Gaza
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin tambayoyin da aka yi da BBC da Economist bayan Hare-haren 7 ga Oktoba, Marzook ya ki yarda cewa Hamas ta kashe fararen hula yayin harin.[11] Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da Kisan kiyashi na bikin kiɗa na Re'im, Marzouk ya amsa cewa "haɗuwa" ne, kuma masu kai farmaki na iya tunanin waɗannan sojoji ne "sun huta".
Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa Hamas ta gina bututun ruwa mai nisan kilomita 500 amma ba mafaka ga fararen hula a Gaza ba, Abu Marzuk ya ce an gina bututun ne don kare mayakan Hamas, yayin da alhakin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne kare fararen hula.
Bayani da manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "ynet". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Weaver". - 1 2 "Guest CV: Moussa Abu Marzouq". Islam Online. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "baghdadi". - ↑ Emerson, Steven (13 July 2005). "Money Laundering and Terror Financing Issues in the Middle East" (PDF). United States Senate Committee of Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Weaver3". - 1 2 3 4 The Forward 2012.
- ↑ "Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List" (PDF). OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL. 6 August 2013. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
- ↑ "SENIOR LEADER OF HAMAS AND TEXAS COMPUTER COMPANY INDICTED FOR CONSPIRACY TO VIOLATE U.S. BAN ON FINANCIAL DEALINGS WITH TERRORISTS". U.S. Department of Justice. 18 December 2002. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ↑ "United States of America v. Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2009.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Economist".
Tushen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "Shugaban Hamas ya ki yarda - ƙungiyarsa ta kashe fararen hula a lokacin Operation Al-Aqsa Flood"
- "Tattaunawa da Al-Jazeera tare da Mousa Abu Marzouq a lokacin Operation Cast Lead"
- Exclusive interview with Mousa Abu Marzook at www.islamonline.neta cikinWayback Machine (an adana shi a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 2008)
- Abu Marzook, Mousa "Hamas yana shirye don yin magana", The Guardian. An samo shi a ranar 16-8-2007.
- Abu Marzook, Mousa "Hamas' stand", L.A. Times. An samo shi a ranar 28-8-2008.
- Abu Marzook, Mousa "Abin da Hamas ke nema", The Washington Post. An samo shi a ranar 28-08-2008.
- Tambayoyinku ga Hamas: Tattaunawa ta Rayuwa tare da Mousa Abu Marzook @ IslamOnline.net