Muhalli na Amurka
 Muhalli na Amurka | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | yanayi na halitta |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
Yanayin Amurka ya ƙunshi halittu daban-daban, yanayi, da ilimin ƙasa. Wannan bambancin yana haifar da yankuna daban-daban da yankuna inda al'ummomin mutane ke zaune. Wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan dabbobi iri-iri, fungi, tsire-tsire da sauran kwayoyin.
Saboda karfi na cin zarafin tattalin arziki da masana'antu, mutane sun sami tasiri mai zurfi a kan yanayin halittu na Amurka, wanda ya haifar da batutuwan muhalli da yawa.
Tun lokacin da wayar da kan jama'a game da waɗannan batutuwan ta fito a cikin shekarun 1970s, ka'idojin muhalli da kuma karuwar Yunkurin muhalli, gami da yunkurin yanayi da yunkuri na Adalci na muhalli sun fito don amsawa ga barazanar da aka yi wa muhalli. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa da dogon tarihin kiyayewa, wanda ya fara a farkon karni na 19, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen cibiyar sadarwa na yankuna masu kariya, gami da kashi 28.8% na ƙasar da gwamnatin Tarayya ke sarrafawa.
Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai kimanin nau'o'in shuke-shuke da dabbobi 21,717 a Amurka. Fiye da dabbobi masu shayarwa 400, tsuntsaye 700, dabbobi masu rarrafe 500 da amphibian, da nau'in kwari 90,000 an rubuta su. Yankunan ruwa, kamar Florida Everglades, sune tushen yawancin wannan bambancin. Akwai fiye da 140,000 invertebrates a Amurka wanda ke ci gaba da girma yayin da masu bincike ke gano wasu nau'o'in. Kifi shine mafi girman rukuni na nau'in dabbobi, tare da fiye da dubu daya da aka ƙidaya zuwa yanzu. Kimanin nau'o'in 13,000 ana kara su a cikin jerin sanannun kwayoyin a kowace shekara.[1]
Fungi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farr, Bills, Chamuris da Rossman sun lissafa kimanin nau'ikan fungus 14,000 a cikin 1989. Duk da haka, wannan jerin sun hada da nau'ikan ƙasa kawai. Ba ta haɗa da fungi masu samar da lichen ba, fungi a kan dung, fungi na ruwa mai laushi, fungi mai ruwa ko wasu nau'o'i da yawa. Fungi suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwar kungiyoyi da yawa na kwayoyin halitta.
Shuke-shuke
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da wuraren zama daga wurare masu zafi zuwa Arctic, rayuwar shuke-shuke ta Amurka ta bambanta sosai. Kasar tana da fiye da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 17,000 da aka gano, ciki har da 5,000 a California (gida ga mafi tsawo, mafi girma, da tsofaffin bishiyoyi a duniya). Kashi uku cikin hudu na nau'in Amurka sun ƙunshi tsire-tsire masu fure.