Muhalli na wuta
 Muhalli na wuta | |
|---|---|
branch of ecology (en)  , academic discipline (en) , field of study (en) da field of study (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | ecology da ecological applications (en) |
| Fuskar | biology |
| Is the study of (en) | Wildfire |
| Described at URL (en) | esa.org… |
| Gudanarwan | fire ecologist (en) |
Ilimin Muhalli na wuta horo ne na kimiyya wanda ke da alaƙa da tasirin wuta a kan yanayin halittu.[1] Yawancin yanayin halittu, musamman prairie, Savanna, chaparral da gandun daji, sun samo asali ne tare da wuta a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar mazauni da sabuntawa. Yawancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke a cikin yanayin da wuta ta shafa suna amfani da wuta don tsiro, kafa, ko haifuwa. Cire gobarar daji ba kawai yana barazana ga waɗannan nau'o'in ba, har ma da dabbobi da ke dogara da su.[2]
Yunkurin hana gobarar daji a Amurka ya tsara ra'ayin jama'a a tarihi don gaskata cewa gobarar daji tana da lahani ga yanayi. Binciken muhalli ya nuna, duk da haka, cewa wuta wani bangare ne mai mahimmanci a cikin aiki da bambancin halittu na wurare da yawa na halitta, kuma cewa kwayoyin da ke cikin waɗannan al'ummomin sun saba da tsayayya, har ma da amfani, gobarar daji. Gabaɗaya, wuta yanzu ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin 'rashin jituwa na halitta', mai kama da ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, da rushewar ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da juyin halitta na jinsuna kuma yana sarrafa halaye na yanayin halittu.
Cire wuta, tare da sauran canje-canjen muhalli da mutum ya haifar, na iya haifar da Sakamakon da ba a tsammani ba ga yanayin halittu. Wasu manyan gobarar daji a Amurka an zarge su da shekaru na murkushe wuta da ci gaba da fadada mutane cikin yanayin da ya dace da wuta da kuma Canjin yanayi.[3] Manajojin ƙasa suna fuskantar tambayoyi masu wuya game da yadda za a dawo da tsarin wuta na halitta, amma ba da izinin gobarar daji ta ƙone wataƙila hanya ce mafi tsada kuma mafi inganci a yanayi da yawa.[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wutar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara tsire-tsire na duniya. Tsarin halittu na photosynthesis ya fara mayar da hankali ga iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don konewa a lokacin Devonian kimanin shekaru miliyan 350 da suka gabata. Sa'an nan, kimanin shekaru miliyan 125 da suka gabata, wuta ta fara rinjayar mazaunin tsire-tsire na ƙasa.
A cikin karni na 20 masanin ilimin muhalli Charles Cooper ya yi kira ga wuta a matsayin tsarin yanayin muhalli.
Abubuwan da ke cikin wuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
Abubuwa da yawa a cikin gandun daji suna shafar bambancin halittu; abubuwan da suka fi bunkasa yawan namun daji da bambancin halititu shine kasancewar nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban-daban a cikin gandu daji da kuma rashin kula da katako. Misali, Turkey na daji yana bunƙasa lokacin da tsawo da bambance-bambance na canopy suka kasance kuma lambobinsa sun ragu ta hanyar kula da katako.. f.[5].[6]
Wutar na iya ƙonewa a matakai uku. Wutar ƙasa za ta ƙone ta cikin ƙasa da ke da wadataccen kwayoyin halitta. Wutar da ke sama za ta ƙone ta hanyar kayan shuke-shuke masu rai da matattu a matakin ƙasa. Wutar kambi za ta ƙone ta saman bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Tsarin halittu gabaɗaya suna fuskantar haɗuwa da duka uku.
Amsawar ƙwayoyin cuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wutar na iya shafar ƙasa ta hanyar dumama da tsarin konewa. Dangane da yanayin zafi na ƙasa yayin tsarin konewa, sakamako daban-daban za su faru- daga evaporation na ruwa a ƙananan zafin jiki, zuwa konewar kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa da kuma samar da kwayoyin halitta, kamar gawayi.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kreider, Mark R.; Jaffe, Melissa R.; Berkey, Julia K.; Parks, Sean A.; Larson, Andrew J. (2023). "The scientific value of fire in wilderness". Fire Ecology. 19 (1): 36. Bibcode:2023FiEco..19a..36K. doi:10.1186/s42408-023-00195-2.
- ↑ Hutto, Richard L. (2008-12-01). "The Ecological Importance of Severe Wildfires: Some Like It Hot". Ecological Applications (in Turanci). 18 (8): 1827–1834. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18.1827H. doi:10.1890/08-0895.1. ISSN 1939-5582. PMID 19263880.
- ↑ Westerling, A. L.; Hidalgo, H. G.; Cayan, D. R.; Swetnam, T. W. (2006-08-18). "Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity". Science (in Turanci). 313 (5789): 940–943. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..940W. doi:10.1126/science.1128834. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16825536.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Noss, Reed F.; Franklin, Jerry F.; Baker, William L.; Schoennagel, Tania; Moyle, Peter B. (2006-11-01). "Managing fire-prone forests in the western United States". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (in Turanci). 4 (9): 481–487. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[481:MFFITW]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1540-9309.
- ↑ Whitlock, Cathy; Higuera, P.E.; McWethy, D.B.; Briles, C.E. (2010). "Paleoecological Perspectives on Fire Ecology: Revisiting the Fire-Regime Concept". The Open Ecology Journal. 3 (2): 6–23. doi:10.2174/1874213001003020006.
- ↑ Szpakowski, David; Jensen, Jennifer (2019-11-12). "A Review of the Applications of Remote Sensing in Fire Ecology". Remote Sensing. 11 (22): 2638. Bibcode:2019RemS...11.2638S. doi:10.3390/rs11222638. ISSN 2072-4292.
- ↑ Santín, Cristina; Doerr, Stefan H. (2016-06-05). "Fire effects on soils: the human dimension". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (in Turanci). 371 (1696): 20150171. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0171. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874409. PMID 27216528.