Mujra
 Mujra | |
|---|---|
type of dance (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Asian dance (en) |
Mujra wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na rawa da ya fito a lokacin mulkin Mughal a yankin Indiya, inda manyan mutane da sarakunan gida kamar nawabs (wanda galibi suna da alaƙa da fadar sarkin Mughal) suka saba yawan yin tawaifs (masu ladabi) don nishaɗi.
Bayani da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin rawar Kathak ta gargajiya ta Indiya da waƙar gargajiya ta Hindustani, gami da Thumris da Ghazals . Ya kuma haɗa da waƙoƙi daga wasu lokutan Mughal kamar sarakuna daga Akbar zuwa zamanin mulkin Bahadur Shah Zafar . [1] Ana yin Mujra a al'ada a mehfils da kuma a cikin gidaje na musamman da ake kira kothas . A lokacin mulkin Mughal a yankin ƙasa, a wurare kamar Delhi, Lucknow, Jaipur, Lahore, al'adar yin mujra fasaha ce ta iyali kuma galibi ana bazuwa daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace. Waɗannan masu ladabi ko tawaif suna da iko da daraja saboda damar da suke da ita ga manyan mutane kuma wasu daga cikinsu an san su da hukumomi kan al'adu. Wasu iyalai masu daraja suna aika 'ya'yansu maza don su koyi ɗabi'a da fasahar tattaunawa daga gare su. [2] Wani lokaci ana kiransu 'yan matan Nautch waɗanda suka haɗa da masu rawa, mawaƙa da abokan wasan kwaikwayo na nawabs na iyayensu. [2]
A Lahore, unguwar Heera Mandi ta daular Mughal, sana'ar ta kasance tsakanin fasaha da rawa ta musamman, inda masu wasan kwaikwayo galibi suna aiki a matsayin masu kula da sarautar Mughal ko masu kula da masu kuɗi. "Masu kuɗi har ma sun aika 'ya'yansu maza zuwa wuraren shakatawa na tawaifs, manyan masu kula da tsofaffi waɗanda aka kwatanta da geishas na Japan, don yin nazarin ɗabi'u." [2]
Rawar Mujra tana haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin rawa ta Kathak ta gargajiya da waƙoƙin gida, gami da thumris da ghazals . Hakanan ya haɗa da waƙoƙin zamanin Mughal. Gaskiya mujra tana da kyau, mai wayo da fasaha, an gabatar da ita da ɗanɗano da kyau. A da, ana gayyatar masu tawaif don yin mujra a muhimman lokatai kamar aure ko haihuwar magaji namiji. A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, wasu masu tawaif sun zama karuwai kuma wasu masu karuwai sun kira rawansu na batsa da rawa ta mujra. Rawar Mujra a hankali ta fara alaƙanta ta da karuwanci .
A matsayin wani nau'in kiɗa, mujras a tarihi sun sake gina al'adar kyau ta ƙarni na sha shida zuwa sha tara na Kudancin Asiya, inda nishaɗin kiɗa da rawa suka haɓaka suka ba da damar musayar ra'ayi tsakanin mace ɗaya da maza da yawa - abin da masanin kiɗan ƙabila Regula Qureshi ya kira, "rashin daidaiton iko wanda aka daidaita shi da tausayi." [3]
Na yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu rawa na Mujra na zamani suna yin rawa a bukukuwa kamar bukukuwan aure, ranar haihuwa da kuma bukukuwan aure a ƙasashen da al'adun gargajiya na Mughal suka zama ruwan dare, kamar Pakistan . A wani ɓangaren kuma, masu rawa a Pakistan galibi suna yin wani nau'in mujra na zamani tare da waƙoƙin gargajiya na gida. [2]
A shekarar 2005, lokacin da aka rufe mashayar rawa a faɗin jihar Maharashtra, tsoffin 'yan mata mashaya da yawa sun ƙaura zuwa 'Congress House' kusa da gadar Kennedy a yankin Grant Road a Mumbai, cibiyar mujra mafi tsufa a birnin, kuma suka fara yin mujra a can. Matan suna samun horo a mujra a Agra ta Indiya da Lahore da Karachi na Pakistan . Jaridar Dawn, Karachi, ta bayyana yankin Heera Mandi na Lahore a matsayin, "Tsohuwar gundumar ja mai haske ta Pakistan ta kasance tun ƙarni da yawa, cibiyar masu rawa na gargajiya, mawaƙa da karuwai."
A wurare da yawa na yankin Indiya, ana kiransu da sunaye daban-daban – misali ana kiransu da tawaifs a Arewacin Indiya da Pakistan (a yankunan da ake magana da Hindi da Urdu), baijis a Bengal, da naikins a Goa. [2]
Yawancin mata suna fatan samun aikin rawa na ƙasashen duniya ko kuma aikin rawa na Kudancin Asiya a wani ɗakin fina-finai.
Mujra a cikin harsunan Marathi, Urdu da Hindi yana nufin:
- Biyan girmamawa
- Waƙar da wata yarinya mai rawa ta yi
- Don yin gaisuwa da girmamawa
A cikin al'adun jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An nuna Mujra a fina-finan Bollywood kamar Mehndi (1958), Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Pakeezah (1972), Umrao Jaan (1981), Zindagi Ya Toofan (1958) da Devdas (1955), ko kuma a wasu fina-finai da ke nuna mulkin Mughal na baya da al'adunsa. An inganta rawan kuma an koyar da ita da ƙarin salon rawa don sa mace mai rawa ta fi iya motsa jikinta da kuma zama mai fasaha da mata . Mata galibi su ne cibiyar jama'a kuma za su iya rawa da nishadantar da masu kallo na dogon lokaci.
An kuma nuna shi a cikin jerin talabijin na Indiya Heeramandi .
A cikin fina-finan Lollywood na Pakistan kamar Anjuman (1970), ana iya ganin raye-rayen mujra da yawa kafin a gama fim ɗin yayin da a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo na Pakistan kamar Deewar-e-Shab (2019) da Umrao Jaan Ada (2003), an kuma yi wasannin Mujra da dama.
An fitar da wani shirin fim game da 'yan rawa na mujra mai suna Showgirls of Pakistan a duk duniya a shekarar 2021. Shirin fim ne mai tsawon fasali wanda mai shirya fina-finan Pakistan Saad Khan ya shirya. [4]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mashayar rawa (Indiya)
- Nautch
Ƙarin karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Martha Feldman, Bonnie Gordon. Fasaha ta mai kula da gida: ra'ayoyi daban-daban na al'adu . shafi na 10. 312–352.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Sanjoy Hazarika (6 October 1985). "THE RICHES OF MOGUL INDIA BRING A DYNASTY TO LIFE". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Soumya Rao (15 May 2019). "Mughal-era courtesans are the unsung heroes of India's freedom struggle". Quartz India. Retrieved 3 October 2019. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "QI" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "The Mujra and the Modern South Asian Imaginary". 22 August 2015.
- ↑ Mustefa, Zab (2021-04-20). "'Showgirls of Pakistan' Doesn't Need Your Victim Narrative". Foreign Policy (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.